掺钕钙钛锆石、榍石组合矿物固化体的浸出性能

以硅酸锆(ZrSiO4)、碳酸钙(CaCO3)、二氧化钛(TiO2)、氧化铝(Al2O3)和氧化钕(Nd2O3)为原料,采用固相反应工艺,制备掺钕钙钛锆石、榍石组合矿物固化体,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、背散射二次电子像(BSE)、荧光光谱(FS)、能谱(EDS)等分析手段,研究掺钕钙钛锆石、榍石组合矿物固化体的化学稳定性。结果表明,钙钛锆石、榍石的组合矿物能很好地固溶Nd,固化体具有良好的化学稳定性;在90℃,第42d,CZ15-1260、CZA15-1260、CA15-1260固化体样品的平均归一化浸出率分别为1.82×10-4、1.38×10-4、1.48×10-4g·m-2·d-1;固化体的较佳烧结温度为1260℃。     

钙钛锆石基组合矿物固溶铈的研究

以ZrSiO₄、CaCO₃、TiO₂、Al₂O₃、Ce₂C₆O₁₂•10H₂O为原料,采用固相反应工艺合成掺Ce钙钛锆石基钛酸盐组合矿物。利用XRD、BSE、EDS等分析方法,研究组合矿物的制备及其对Ce的固溶。结果表明：合成掺Ce钙钛锆石基钛酸盐组合矿物的较佳温度为1230℃;组合矿物的主要晶相为钙钛锆石固溶体,次要晶相是榍石和CaTiO₃的固溶体;CeO₂在组合矿物中的最大固溶量为21.39%;组合矿物固溶Ce⁴⁺的机制较复杂,Ce⁴⁺固溶在Ca²⁺位或Zr⁴⁺位,Al³⁺固溶在Ti⁴⁺位对Ce⁴⁺固溶在Ca²⁺位有电价补偿作用。     

铈在榍石固溶体中的固溶量

以CaCO3、SiO2、TiO2、Ce2C8O12·10H2O和Al2O3为原料,通过高温固相反应合成榍石固溶体,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、背散射二次电子像(BSE)、能谱(EDS)等分析手段,研究铈在榍石固溶体中的固溶情况。研究结果表明,引入Al3+作为电价补偿时,Ce4+固溶在Ca1-xCexTi1-2xAl2xSiO5固溶体中,其最大固溶量为12.61%;不引入电价补偿时,Ce4+固溶在Ca1-2xCexTiSiO5固溶体中,其最大固溶量为10.98%;合成掺Ce榍石固溶体的较佳温度为1260℃。     

Kinetic micro-instabilities in the presence of impurities in toroidal magnetized plasmas

The theoretical and numerical studies on kinetic micro-instabilities,including ion temperature gradient(ITG) driven modes,trapped electron modes(TEMs) in the presence of impurity ions as well as impurity modes(IMs),induced by impurity density gradient alone,in toroidal magnetized plasmas,such as tokamak and reversed-field pinch(RFP) are reviewed briefly.The basic theory for IMs,the electrostatic instabilities in tokamak and RFP plasmas are discussed.The observations of hybrid and coexistence of the instabilities are categorized systematically.The effects of impurity ions on electromagnetic instabilities such as ITG modes,the kinetic ballooning modes(KBMs) and kinetic shear Alfvén modes induced by impurity ions in tokamak plasmas of finite β(=plasma pressure/magnetic pressure) are analyzed.The interesting topics for future investigation are suggested.     

99Tc在模拟地质条件下的迁移行为研究概况

介绍了99Tc在模拟地质条件下迁移行为研究概况,主要阐明了99Tc在模拟地质条件下迁移行为的研究意义、99Tc的水溶液化学性质、影响99Tc在地质介质中迁移的因素及99Tc在近场和远场的释放和迁移,并就国内外的研究概况进行了概要评述.     

Sea Transport of Radioactive Materials in Egypt

Abstract

In Egypt the national regulations for safe transport of radioactive materials (RAM) are based on the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regulations. In addition, regulations for the safe transport of these materials through the Suez Canal (SC) were laid down by the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) and the Suez Canal Authority (SCA). They are continuously updated to meet the increased knowledge and the experience gained. The technical and protective measures taken during transport of RAM through SC are mentioned. Assessment of the impact of transporting radioactive materials through the Suez Canal using the INTERTRAN computer code was carried out in cooperation with IAEA. The transported activities and empty containers, the number of vessels carrying RAM through the Canal from 1963 to 1996 and their nationalities are also discussed. The protective measures are mentioned.     

中国先进研究堆事故源项分析

研究建立了中国先进研究堆（CARR）在事故工况下放射性核素从燃料芯块向环境释放的数学模型。根据CARR初步事故分析结果，对可能导致放射性向外界释放的5种事故工况（小破口失水事故、换热器传热板破裂事故、重水回路管道破裂事故、燃料操作事故、冷却剂流道堵塞事故）以及假想的3盒组件燃料板熔化超设计基准事故进行了源项分析，分别给出了不同事故和释放途径下释放到环境的放射性核素的量，以防止事故情况下公众和环境遭受过量放射性损伤。     

Characteristics of dust acoustic waves in dissipative dusty plasma in the presence of trapped electrons

The formation and propagation of nonlinear dust acoustic waves(DAWs) as solitary and solitary/shock waves in an unmagnetized, homogeneous, dissipative and collisionless dusty plasma comprising negatively charged micron sized dust grains in the presence of free and trapped electrons with singly charged non-thermal positive ions is discussed in detail. The evolution characteristics of the solitary and shock waves are studied by deriving a modified Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers(mKdV–Burgers) equation using the reductive perturbation method. The mKdV–Burgers equation is solved considering the presence(absence) of dissipation. In the absence of dissipation the system admits a solitary wave solution, whereas in the presence of dissipation the system admits shock waves(both monotonic and oscillatory) as well as a combination of solitary and shock wave solutions. Standard methods of solving the evolution equation of shock(solitary) waves are used. The results are discussed numerically using standard values of plasma parameters. The findings may be useful for better understanding of formation and propagation of waves in astrophysical plasma.     

Sensitization development in austenitic stainless steel piping

Pacific Northwest Laboratory and the Division of Engineering Technology of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission are conducting a program to determine a method for evaluating welded and repair-welded stainless steel piping for light-water reactor service. Validated models, based on experimental data, are being developed to predict the degree of sensitization (DOS) and the intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) susceptibility in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the SS weldments. The cumulative effects of material composition, past fabrication procedures, past service exposure, weldment thermomechanical (TM) history, and projected post-repair component life are being considered.     

Experiences and Status in Safety Assessment Methods within the Scope of Licensing Procedures for Multi-Purpose Flasks in Germany

Abstract

The Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing in Germany (BAM) is the German competent authority for safety assessment and design testing of flasks for transport and storage of radioactive waste. Referring to the IAEA regulations (Safety Standards Series No ST-1) four different methods for demonstration of compliance with the performance standards are possible: (1) tests with prototype flasks, (2) tests with scaled models, (3) reference to previous safety demonstrations, and (4) calculation. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods. are described with reference to the nearly 20 years experience of BAM in design testing under mechanical accident conditions. Drop testing with prototype flasks and scaled model flasks was the basic method at the beginning of flask development. With better knowledge of flask behaviour under such impact conditions methods (3) and (4) were increasingly used for various flask designs. The present trend is to use numerical calculation methods also for new flask designs because of the high potential of modem computer technology. Some actual examples are given and the necessary requirements for the acceptance of this method are discussed. During recent years numerous flask designs were granted transport licences as well as licences for interim storage at the Gorleben and Ahaus sites. Because of different actions of opponents the licenses for the interim storage sites were the object of legal proceedings with special reference to the flask design testing methods. Finally, the experience obtained from these legal disputes and their relevance to acceptable safety assessment methods are discussed.     

北京市环境水中锶-90活度浓度分析

为了测量北京市环境水中⁹⁰Sr的活度浓度,分析其长期趋势及在全国的水平,参照《水和生物样品灰中锶-90的放射化学分析方法》(HJ 815—2016),分析北京市12个环境点位中⁹⁰Sr的活度浓度。结果显示,2019年北京市环境地表水中⁹⁰Sr活度浓度为(4.46±1.51)mBq/L,范围(1.44~7.56)mBq/L,其中河系水(5.01±1.45)mBq/L,湖库水(4.00±1.45)mBq/L,地下水(2.11±0.12)mBq/L。得出结论:北京市环境水中⁹⁰Sr含量为低水平;与历年相比,处于正常涨落范围之内;与全国其他地区相比,处于中间水平。水中⁹⁰Sr所致成人年均摄入量最大为3.66 Bq/a,待积有效剂量最大为0.10 μSv/a,均远远小于国家标准限值。     

Effect of Trapping on Vortices in Plasma

Microscopic trapping of electrons is considered in one- and two-dimensional potential wells (shallow and deep) and its effect on vortex formation is investigated by deriving modified Hasegawa Mima (HM) equations. Inhomogenieties in the number density and magnetic field are taken into account. The modified HM equations are analysed by considering bounce frequencies of the trapped particles. Solitary vortices are obtained via Kortweg deVries (KdV) type of equations and both exact and Sagdeev potential solutions are obtained. In general it is observed that trapping produces stronger non-linearities and this leads to the modification of the original HM equation.     

医用125I种子源表观活度的电离室测量

研究了^125Ⅰ种子源的自屏蔽、不同容器和容器的形状、源的几何位置等对^125Ⅰ种子源表观活度测量的影响。结果表明，低能^125Ⅰ种子源表观活度的测量只有在严格规定的条件下才能进行较准确的测量。因此为用户测量^125Ⅰ种子源的表观活度提供几点建议：选用材质为聚丙烯的标准尖底放免管作为测量容器；逐个测量；测量时，源必须放在托盘中心。     

Head-on collision between single- and multi-soliton heavy ion acoustic waves in multi-ion plasmas

Head-on collisions among the single-and multi-soliton’s heavy ion acoustic waves (HIAWs) of multi-ion plasma are studied. The plasma consists of adiabatic positively charged inertial heavy ions, Boltzmann energy distributed light ions and kappa energy distributed electrons. The extended poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo (ePLK) method is applied for the derivation of two-sided Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations (KdVEs). The KdV single-soliton solutions (KdVSSs) are determined using the hyperbolic secant method and the KdV multi-soliton solutions (KdVMSs) are obtained using the Hirota method. The effects of superthermality of electrons, temperature ratios of electron to light ion and heavy ion to electron, and the density ratio of electron to heavy ion on phase shifts are investigated for the head-on collisions between two-soliton HIAWs. The effects of plasma parameters on angular frequency, phase speed, production of multi-soliton structures, and the head-on collisions among single-, double-, triple-, quadruple-, and quintuplesolitons are also studied.     

长寿命裂变产物核素核数据测量进展

文章对与高放废物深地层处置以及分离嬗变相关的半衰期大于10a、裂变产额高于0.01%的13种长寿命裂变产物核素的半衰期、裂变产额和热中子反应截面的测量研究、数据现状及其进展进行概要评述。就长寿命核素的分离纯化、原子数测定及放射性活度测量方法和技术进行了分析和论述。     

Factors Influencing the Stability of Radiation Defects in Semiconductors

Recent advances in the understanding of radiation damage in semiconductors are discussed and areas of difficulty are indicated. Most attention is focused upon (a) stability of close-pair defects resulting from low temperature irradiation with energetic (0.7 to 5 Mev) electrons, (b) the yield of permanent damage in germanium as a function of temperature, (c) damage of intermediate stability in germanium (anneals at 150°K) which is attributable to non-reorientable divacancies, (d) interstitials in electron bombarded germanium, and (e) low temperature damage in electron bombarded p-type germanium and its transformation by light and heating. The inadequacies of certain of the models are discussed particularly in the case of (e).     

Clinical analysis of bone scanning in solitary lesion

A rational analysis procedure for solitary lesions on whole bone scanning was offered.This study was undertaken to analyze retrospectively solitary lesions which obtained final diagnose through the following aspects:(1) diagnosis of bone metastasis,(2) the incidence of bone metastasis in different tumor,(3) the most possible lesion sites indicating bone metastasis,(4) morphological analysis of solitary lesions.The results are:(1) The incidence of solitary lesions in 2465 cases on whole bone scanning is 15.3%.(2) The rate of bone metastasis is 24.8% in 282 patients with primary malignancy.The rate of bone metastasis is 6.3% in 64 patients without primary malignancy,and the total diagnostic rate of bone metastasis is 21.4% in 346 patients.(3) In patients with primary maligancy,the incidence of bone metastasis of solitary lesions is as follows rspectively:bronchi cancer 36.1%(22/61);breast cancer 23.8%(20/84);prostate gland 17.2%(5/29),other urinary system cancer 22.2%(4/18);G.I.system cacer 16.9%(10//59);others 29.0%(9/31).There is no significant difference in different cancer.(4)In patients without primary malignancy,93.7%(60/64)of solitary lesions are benign.(5) From anatomical point of view,we found the diagnostic rate of bone metastasis is as follow:30% in spine;34.2% in pelvis;36.4% in skull;10.8% in other bones,There are significant differences in four groups.It is concluded that:(1)the diagnostic rate of bone metastasis in solitary lesions is 21.4%;(2) The most possible solitary lesions indicating osseous tumor spread are at spine,pelvic and skull.(3) Special attention to “cold”and streak like lesions should be paid.(4) A Clinical analysis procedure for diagnosis of solitary lesions has been summarized out here.     

One and two electron transitions in energetic ion and helium collisions

The single ionization (SI) and double ionization (DI), single and double ionization accompanying one electron loss (SS) of the projectile and the single and double electron capture of the projectile from target atom are investigated for 2.0–8.0 MeV Na^q+–He and C1^q+–He collisions. The cross-section ratio of the double ionization (DI) to that of the SI, the ratio of SS+DI to SS+SI, and ratio of double capture (DC) cross-section to that of single capture (SC), are measured by means of time-of-flight technique. The velocity and charge state dependences of the measured cross-section ratios are studied and discussed. The obtained capture cross-section ratios are compared with the theoretical calculations using the classical over-barrier model.     

神经网络在CHF预测中的应用

利用人工神经网络理论对均匀加热垂直上升圆管内的临界热流密度（ＣＨＦ）进行预测和参数趋势分析。本研究采用局部条件假设,并选用Ｃｒｏｅｎｅｖｌｄ的ＣＨＦ查询表数据为本文神经网络训练的样本,采用训练成功的网络预测ＣＨＦ值可以得到比常规方法更好的效果,其均方差为１４．９％。     

In_(0.95)Ag_(0.045)Ga_(0.005)合金中的电四极相互作用

本文采用时间微分扰动角关联方法,测量了80—422K温度范围内~(111)Cd在In_(0.95)Ag_(0.043)Ga_(0.005)合金中的四极相互作用随温度的变化,进而导出晶格电场梯度的温度变化。在In_(0.95)Ag_(0.043)Ga_(0.005)合金中,晶格电场梯度的温度变化遵从T~(3/2)定律:V_(zz)(T)=V_(zz)(0)(1—BT~(3/2)),斜率B=7.48(47)·10~(-5)K~(-3/2)。在80、298和422K的电场梯度分布宽分别为0.1147(259)、0.0924(340)和1.344(175)。表明在液氮温度和室温时,合金的晶格结构特性较好,温度升高,晶格结构特性变坏。