电子元件、组件

TN6,TM53 2005010556超级离子龟容器C/Nio复合气凝胶电极材料的研究/徐榕青,李悦.陈艾,昊孟弧,陆海鹏(西南电子设备研究所)仆电子学报一2004,32(8)一1399一1401以间苯二酚‘甲醛、硝酸镍和无水碳酸钠为原料,使用溶胶一凝胶法制备碳/氧化镍复合凝胶,经CO:超临界干燥及900℃炭化处理,得到复合碳气凝胶,电化学方法证明这种材料制备的电极具有典型的电容特性.采用1 mol/L KOH电解液构成电容器单元,比电容量达263F/g,等效串联电阻小于1几.文中还对这种复合材料的结构形貌进行了探讨.分析了其对电容器性能的影响.图7参5(李)连理工大学)11电…     

双电层电容器及其复合电源系统的研制

碳基双电层电容器作为一种新一代储能系统具有广泛的应用.直流充放电、循环伏安特性以及交流阻抗等实验显示了本实验室制备的活性炭材料组装的电容器具有良好的电化学性能,比容量为173.2F/g,在大功率充放电条件下的活性物质的能量密度大于5.0Wh/kg,同时具有10⁵以上的循环寿命.由双电层电容器与镍氢电池组成的复合电源系统具有优良的脉冲充放电特性,在GSM、CDMA移动通讯系统以及电动车电源等领域具有广泛的用途.     

用于柔性超级电容器的多孔有机大分子复合凝胶电解质

通过选择性溶解法制备了多孔结构的聚乙烯醇(PVA)基大分子羧甲基纤维素(CMC)复合凝胶电解质,以此提高凝胶电解质的离子电导率和柔性超级电容器的电化学性能。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对凝胶电解质的形貌进行了表征。凝胶内部为多孔的网络结构,不规则的孔均匀分布在PVA基体中。同时,采用活性炭作为电极组装成柔性超级电容器。对凝胶电解质的离子电导率、吸水率和热稳定性进行了测试,实验结果表明多孔PVA-10%CMC复合凝胶电解质离子电导率最高可达64.3 mS/cm,具有130.3%的吸水率和63.8%的保水率,并且在-10、25和40℃温度梯度下可以稳定使用。此外,利用其组装的柔性超级电容器的比电容最高可达40.0 F/g,循环10 000圈后的比电容保持率为55%,并且有优异的倍率性能和弯曲性能。因此,多孔结构的构建和CMC的复合是提高凝胶电解质性能的有效方法。     

碳纳米管-氢氧化镍复合电极电化学电容器

采用催化裂解法制备了碳纳米管并进一步制备了碳纳米管薄膜电极。基于该种材料的超电容器电极比容量为36 F/g。研究了在碳纳米管薄膜基体上使用电化学方法沉积氢氧化镍的新工艺,制备出碳纳米管/氢氧化镍复合电极。伏安特性曲线以及直流充放电实验证明复合电极的单电极比容量达到63 F/g,交流阻抗谱证明复合电极具有优良的阻抗特性。     

固体铝电解电容器用C/Al复合负极箔的研究

用有机粘结剂将导电炭黑做成浆料预涂覆在铝箔表面,随后将箔片置于真空炉中进行热处理,制成了一种具有良好界面结合的C/Al复合负极箔.研究了制备工艺对C/Al复合负极箔比容及结合力的影响,并建立了C/Al复合负极箔比电容与碳层厚度的简单数学模型.结果表明,该复合负极箔的比容随着表面碳层厚度的增加而增加.当碳层厚度为35 μ...     

MXene/聚吡咯复合材料的制备及其超电性能研究

新型材料MXene(过渡金属二维碳化物,氮化物和碳氮化物)由于其良好的电化学活性而被广泛应用于储能材料。聚吡咯因其具有稳定的导电性而常用作超级电容器材料。通过原位聚合法成功制备MXene(Ti_3C_2T_x)和聚吡咯(PPy)复合材料。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对Ti_3C_2T_x/PPy复合电极材料进行表征,结果表明PPy均匀地包覆在Ti_3C_2T_x表面。这种独特的复合材料展现良好的协同作用,有效提高了电子和离子的传输速率。电化学测试表明:Ti_3C_2T_x和聚吡咯质量比为2∶1时复合材料表现出最好的电化学性能,当电流密度为1 A·g~(-1)时,Ti_3C_2T_x/PPy-2的比电容达到139 F·g~(-1),并且拥有较好的倍率性能。结果表明Ti_3C_2T_x/PPy复合材料可用于制备超级电容器电极材料。     

凝胶聚合物电解质双电层电容器的研究

为解决凝胶聚合物电解质制成膜的双电层电容器中,电解质与电极真实表面积接触较差的问题,采用内聚合法制备了以活性炭为电极材料,丙烯腈为聚合单体,ζ(碳酸甲乙酯∶碳酸乙烯酯)=1∶1为增塑剂,高氯酸锂为导电盐的凝胶聚合物电解质双电层电容器。测试结果表明,随着丙烯腈含量的降低,其组成的凝胶聚合物电解质的电导率增大,电容器的比容量也随之增大,当w(丙烯腈)为10%时,室温电导率为9.34×10–3S·cm–1,比容量为24.294F/g。     

碳凝胶超级电容器的应用技术

介绍1种独特的超大容量电容器，主要用于大电流脉冲放电和需要短期电源维持时间的场合。给出主要技术参数及其测试方法，举例说明其具体应用，并给出碳凝胶电容器的系统设计方法。     

20伏高电压型碳纳米管超级电容器的研制

通过催化裂解法制备了碳纳米管并进一步制备了碳纳米管膜片式电极.基于该种材料的超级电容器电极比容量达到42F/g并表现出良好的大电流放电特性.本文采用多种研究方法对基于该种材料的双电层电容器的电化学特性进行了详细的研究.本文还开发了全新的超级电容器组装工艺,采用该工艺组装的碳纳米管超级电容器工作电压可以达到20V并具有良好的容量特性和阻抗特性.     

碳纳米管/氧化镍复合电极超大容量离子电容器

碳纳米管作为一种新型碳材料,具有质轻,高的有效比表面积和优良的导电性,是制备双电层电容器较为理想的电极材料。本文实验用硝酸回流处理碳纳米管,对其表面改性,通过sol-gel法在改性后的碳纳米管上沉积Ni(OH)2,经灼烧得到碳纳米管/氧化镍复合材料,制成电极装配成电容器单元。该电容器具有双电层电容和赝电容特性,其比电容量为160 F/g,频率响应特性较活性炭电极电容器有所提高,是一种极具发展潜力的储能器件。     

MnO2-Based Electrochemical Supercapacitors on Flexible Carbon Substrates

Manganese dioxide films were grown on large area flexible carbon aerogel substrates. Characterization by x-ray diffraction confirmed α-MnO₂ growth. Three types of films were compared as a function of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) concentration during growth. The highest concentration of HM TA produced MnO₂ flower-like films, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, whose thickness and surface coverage lead to both a higher specific capacitance and higher series resistance. Specific capacitance was measured to be 64 F/g using a galvanostatic setup, compared to the 47 F/g-specific capacitance of the carbon aerogel substrate. Such supercapacitor devices can be fabricated on large area sheets of carbon aerogel to achieve high total capacitance.     

Direct Ink Writing of Adjustable Electrochemical Energy Storage Device with High Gravimetric Energy Densities

3D printing graphene aerogel with periodic microlattices has great prospects for various practical applications due to their low density, large surface area, high porosity, excellent electrical conductivity, good elasticity, and designed lattice structures. However, the low specific capacitance limits their development in energy storage fields due to the stacking of graphene. Therefore, constructing a graphene‐based 2D materials hybridization aerogel that consists of the pseduocapacitive substance and graphene material is necessary for enhancing electrochemical performance. Herein, 3D printing periodic graphene‐based composite hybrid aerogel microlattices (HAMs) are reported via 3D printing direct ink writing technology. The rich porous structure, high electrical conductivity, and highly interconnected networks of the HAMs aid electron and ion transport, further enabling excellent capacitive performance for supercapacitors. An asymmetric supercapacitor device is assembled by two different 4‐mm‐thick electrodes, which can yield high gravimetric specific capacitance (C_g) of 149.71 F g^?1 at a current density of 0.5 A g^?1 and gravimetric energy density (E_g) of 52.64 Wh kg^?1, and retains a capacitance retention of 95.5% after 10 000 cycles. This work provides a general strategy for designing the graphene‐based mixed‐dimensional hybrid architectures, which can be utilized in energy storage fields.     

活性炭前处理对双电层电容器性能的影响

制备了沥青焦基活性炭双电层电容器用电极材料,将其分别经水洗、酸洗以及超音速气流粉碎处理。在1 mol/L(C2H5)4NBF4/碳酸丙烯酯电解液体系中进行电化学测试,对比评价了各活性炭前处理方法对电容器电化学性能的影响。结果表明,酸洗后活性炭电极比电容提高7%达到163 F/g,高功率放电性能明显改善,当电流密度由70 mA/g增加到1 A/g时,其电极比电容保持率为88%;活性炭进行超细粉碎后不利于电化学性能的提高。     

纳米二氧化锰的超电容特性研究

利用化学混合法制备了非晶二氧化锰/导电碳黑复合材料,比表面积达168.40m2/g,一次粒子粒径达100nm以下,显示出良好的电容特性,单电极比容可达410F/g。以活性炭作负极组装成电容器,工作电位窗达1.6V,比容量可达35F/g以上,且电容器经500次充放电循环后容量衰减不到5%。     

有机双电层电容器用活性炭电极的修饰

利用石墨、炭黑、碳纳米管三种导电碳材料,对高比表面积活性炭进行掺杂修饰,制备有机电解液双电层电容器用薄膜电极。经电化学测试发现,在 1 mol/L 的 LiPF6/EC-DEC(体积比 1∶1)溶液中,经不同导电材料修饰后的活性炭电极,其单电极比容量和大电流充放电性能均有较大改善。其中,掺杂 10%(质量分数)碳纳米管的活性炭电极,在 330 mA/g 电流密度下的单电极比容量可达 81 F/g,比未掺杂活性炭电极 60 F/g 的比容量提高了 35%;电流密度从 60 mA/g 增至 330 mA/g,该电极的容量保持率为 79.4%。     

有机电解液MnO2/AC混合电容器的研究

固相合成法制备了MnO2电极材料,以其为正极,活性炭(AC)电极为负极,组装了有机电解液MnO2/AC混合电容器。测试结果表明,在1 mol/L的有机电解液LiPF6/(DMC+EC)中,混合电容器的工作电压可达2.5 V,在不同的电流密度下,比容量为43.64～53.17 F/g,漏电流为0.08×10–3 A/cm2,经1 000次恒流充放电循环后,比容量衰减幅度约为8%。     

Improvement of the Performance of TiHfO MIM Capacitors by Using a Dual Plasma Treatment of the Lower Electrode

We show that a conventional nitrogen plasma treatment is insufficient to suppress the formation of an interfacial layer at the bottom electrode of TiHfO metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. However, the capacitance density and leakage current of TaN/TiHfO/TaN MIM capacitors monotonically improve by exposing the lower TaN electrode to an additional oxygen plasma treatment. By performing dual oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments on the lower electrode, the leakage current was 4.8 times 10^-6 A/cm² (at -1 V) at a 28 fF/ mum² capacitance density.     

热处理对纳米α-MnO2电容特性的影响

采用化学沉淀法制备出超级电容器用纳米MnO2电极材料,研究了热处理工艺对MnO2电容性能的影响。结果表明,产物主相为α-MnO2,粒度分布较均匀,在50～100 nm;热处理温度和时间对MnO2的电容性能有着重要影响。将在300℃热处理3 h的MnO2与活性炭电极组成非对称超级电容器,循环充放电500次,容量仅衰减2.24%;在电流密度为500 mA/g时,比电容量达302.52 F/g。     

超电容器活性炭/炭黑复合电极电容特性研究

为制备实用化的超电容器,对活性炭材料进行了表征,详细描述了活性炭/炭黑复合电极的制备工艺。通过循环伏安法和恒电流充电法,对活性炭/炭黑复合电极在水系电解液中的电容行为进行了研究。结果表明:活性炭的BET比表面积达1 654 m2/g,具有合理的孔径分布,主要在2 nm附近。添加高比表面积、高导电性纳米级炭黑制备的活性炭/炭黑复合电极具有优良的电容行为和较好的功率特性,复合电极的比容量达到102.4 F/g。此外还对孔径分布与电容的关系进行了阐述。     

A One‐Step and Binder‐Free Method to Fabricate Hierarchical Nickel‐Based Supercapacitor Electrodes with Excellent Performance

Research is currently being carried out in the search for alternative electrode materials to replace the expensive and toxic RuO₂‐based electrode. As a typical example, nickel oxide or hydroxide has been widely studied but the results are far from satisfactory. Here, using a facile one‐step anodization method, a hierarchical nickel compound (HNC) film with an interconnecting 3D nanoflake structure is obtained, providing large electrochemically active surface area and interconnecting nanoscale pore channels for ion transport. The HNC electrode demonstrates significantly improved capacitance, 70 times higher than the reported NiO‐TiO₂ nanotube array electrode with similar thickness. The charge/discharge kinetics are also superior, showing only a 24% capacitance reduction when the scan rate is increased by 50 times, as compared with the typical 70% capacitance reduction for pseudocapacitor electrodes under the same conditions. HNC exhibits an extraordinary excellent cycle life; capacitance increases to 115% after 4500 test cycles. Furthermore, because HNC is in intimate contact with the current collector, it is not necessary to use conducting agents or binders, which reduces the electrode weight and facilitates the electrode preparation process. The method is low cost, facile, scalable, additive free, and is promising for fabricating supercapacitor electrode with excellent performance.