轴流式水轮机全流道内非定常空化湍流的数值模拟

为了研究轴流式水轮机内部的空化流动,将Fluent 6．1商用软件中的一种完整空化模型和一种混合流体两相流模型相结合,对某水电站原型轴流式水轮机全流道内的非定常空化湍流进行了数值模拟。根据模拟结果,预测了水轮机在特定工况下运行时流道内空化发生的部位和程度,并对水轮机的能量性能进行了预估。数值预测的空化流动现象与模型水轮机空化试验中所观察到的现象基本一致,说明数值模拟结果可为轴流式水轮机的运行性能预测提供参考。     

高功率密度液力变矩器空化特性研究

高功率密度液力变矩器由于其内部流速高、局部压力低而易出现空化现象,导致其液力性能恶化。针对液力变矩器内空化现象进行试验及数值研究,通过对不同转速、不同速比及不同补偿油压力下液力变矩器性能测试,获得空化随工况及供油条件变化规律。构建基于Rayleigh-Plesset的全流道瞬态空化仿真模型对不同工况下液力变矩器内部两相空化流动进行预测,利用应力混合涡模拟湍流模型精确捕捉涡流状态,实现对有/无空化下液力变矩器内部流场及液力特性的计算。结果表明,液力变矩器在高泵轮转速、低速比及低补偿压力下容易发生空化,空化程度随着速比的下降而升高,在起动工况时达到最大。在空化工况下,液力变矩器导轮流道内产生大量空泡,空泡阻碍油液流动,导致循环流量降低,进而使液力变矩器传递功率的能力下降,起动工况下能容系数降低高达31%。全流道瞬态空化模型能够实现液力变矩器空化特性的精确预测,对变矩比、能容系数及效率的最大预测误差由无空化的30%降低至5%。     

带有前置导叶离心泵空化性能的试验及数值模拟

为分析前置导叶对离心泵空化性能的影响,在不同流量下开展带有前置导叶离心泵的空化性能试验,得到无导叶、导叶预旋角(12(时的离心泵空化性能曲线.空化性能试验结果表明,离心泵的临界空化余量随流量的增大近似线性增大.基于均相流假设的完全空化模型,考虑空化流可压缩性的影响修正RNG κ-ε湍流模型,采用SMPLEC算法,数值求解雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程,模拟离心泵安装前置导叶前后不同工况下的全流道空化流动.计算得到的H-LBOSGa曲线与试验数据吻合较好,验证计算方法的准确性.基于数值模拟结果,分析不同工况下叶轮内部空泡体积率的分布规律,发现前置导叶预旋调节对离心泵叶轮空化性能的影响较小,并能有效改善叶轮进口流态,使压力分布更均匀.     

基于开缝引射流的离心泵空化流动研究

为确定不同形式的开缝对离心泵的影响,采用引射流技术对其进行了六种开缝设计,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和改进的Kubota空化模型对其空化流动进行了数值求解。结果表明:在大流量工况下运行时,离心泵外特性突降的原因在于叶片发生空化后附着空化改变了叶片型线,堵住了整个流道,造成了叶片做功能力逐步丧失;选择合理的开缝宽度和角度,可以使叶轮流道内的流动更加均匀,湍流减小,提高泵的效率,还可以改善离心泵的空化性能,延缓空化的发生,降低泵的必需空化余量。     

离心泵蜗壳内非定常流动特性的数值模拟及分析

基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型,对离心泵内部非空化和空化工况下的非定常流动特性进行数值模拟,分析空化模型中凝结项经验系数对数值模拟结果的影响,并根据试验结果修正离心泵空化流动数值模拟中凝结项经验系数;数值模拟得到的离心泵扬程随有效空化余量的变化曲线与试验结果吻合较好,验证数值计算模型和方法的准确性和可靠性。数值模拟结果表明：离心泵非定常流动中,非空化、临界空化和充分发展空化工况下,蜗壳内监测点的压力脉动主频均为叶片通过频率;空化对离心泵蜗壳内压力脉动的影响较大,非空化时压力脉动最大幅值在蜗舌处,空化时压力脉动最大幅值在第1断面附近,其原因是离心泵出现空化时第1断面处旋涡强度增强,且随时间变化剧烈,对流动产生强烈扰动。     

小流量工况下低比转速离心泵内部流场的数值分析

针对小流量工况下低比转速离心泵内部流动特性问题,通过运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,并采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,对离心泵内部流场进行了数值模拟。采用3种不同网格数对离心泵模型进行了网格无关性分析以验证提高数值计算的准确性。沿进水管道至其进口端设置了监测点,分析了周向速度和轴向速度,得出了不同工况下发生回流的位置,分析比较了4种流量工况下离心泵内部的流场分布。结果表明:0.7Qd工况下,进水管道和叶轮流道中的流线均比较平滑,离心泵内部流动比较稳定。0.6Qd工况下,叶轮进口和叶轮流道开始产生了漩涡。随着流量的进一步降低,叶轮进口回流强度增大,叶轮流道中的漩涡逐渐向其相邻流道中扩展,离心泵内部的流态十分紊乱。     

诱导轮和离心泵叶轮内部空化流动数值分析

为了提高诱导轮离心泵的空化性能和运行稳定性,阐明诱导轮和离心泵叶轮几何参数对空化性能的影响规律,基于空泡可压缩性影响修正的RNG k-ε模型和改进的空化模型,对诱导轮和离心泵叶轮内部流场进行空化数值计算。数值结果表明:在小流量工况和额定工况下,空化性能曲线基本一致;在大流量工况下,空化特性曲线波动相对比较严重,空化性能较差。额定流量下泵蜗壳水力损失最小,小流量工况下蜗壳水力损失最大。临界汽蚀余量时,蜗壳水力损失突升。无空化条件下,随着前口环间隙值的增大,诱导轮扬程、效率和前口环间隙泄漏量增大,泵和叶轮的扬程、效率值降低,泵的空化特性曲线的稳定性变差,使诱导轮叶片出口液流角发生偏转,导致诱导轮和离心泵叶轮内部产生周期性的交变空化流。     

离心泵内流场空化特性的数值模拟研究

针对离心泵内流场特性分析困难的问题,对离心泵流场数值模拟的几何模型建立、模型网格划分和边界条件设定进行了研究,采用计算流体力学方法,获取了在敞水性能条件下离心泵的扬程-流量、效率-流量的变化关系;结合Zwart空化模型,重点对不同有效汽蚀余量时离心泵的空化流场进行了数值模拟,得到了离心泵的内部流线和空泡分布的情况,并与该离心泵机组进行了性能测试实验,最后在此基础之上进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,所采用的数值模拟方法和空化模型合理有效,此结果可为进一步开展离心泵空化监测技术研究提供借鉴。     

叶片空间型面造型对离心泵性能的影响研究

为了研究叶片空间型面造型对离心泵外特性、内部流场的影响,以一台普通离心泵为研究模型,利用Cfturbo软件设计了两种相同设计参数,不同叶片型面造型的叶轮模型,采用标准k-ε湍流模型对两种模型叶轮离心泵内部流场进行单相定常数值模拟,并采用RNGk-ε湍流模型对两种叶轮模型离心泵空化性能进行数值模拟,得到内部流场特征、水力性能。并通过离心泵性能试验对数值模拟结果进行验证。研究结果表明:设计工况下,自由曲面叶片叶轮离心泵的扬程比倾斜直纹面叶片叶轮离心泵高0.45 m,NPSHR相同;通过优化倾斜直纹面叶片叶轮完全可以代替自由曲面叶片叶轮,降低企业的生产成本。     

基于DES的离心泵内部瞬态流动数值研究

为了阐明变工况运行条件下离心泵内部瞬态流动特性,评价其瞬态水力性能及其压力脉动特性,提高离心泵的运行稳定性,基于DES分离涡模型,在小流量、额定流量和大流量工况下对泵进行了性能预测和数值模拟。与试验结果比较发现,性能预测结果和试验结果吻合较好,额定工况下泵内部流动参数梯度变化均匀。在此基础上,在泵内部设置p1～p9压力脉动监测点,通过对监测点的压力脉动时频分析,表明进口流道p1压力脉动频率与叶频的倍频保持一致,以低频脉动为主;受隔舌结构影响,出口流道p6压力脉动频率的脉动幅值较大,以高频脉动为主。比较叶轮旋转第1～第6圈静压分布和涡量分布规律,第3圈后叶轮内部流动趋于稳定,第6圈后蜗壳内部流动达到稳定,表明离心泵叶轮和蜗壳内部涡团的演化过程非同步。     

Numerical investigation of suction vortices behavior in centrifugal pump

A numerical simulation on suction vortices behavior in a centrifugal pump was carried out to investigate their influence on the internal flow through impellers including formation and shedding of cavitation by using a finite-volume method and k-ω Shear Stress Transport turbulence model. For cavitating flow, a two phase homogeneous cavitation model was used. A full three-dimensional flow in a single-section centrifugal pump consisting of a six blade impeller and shroud ring was computed with structured mesh. A constant suction vortex is imposed as a boundary condition. Vortices behavior was investigated according to the variation of flow rates of two pump systems with and without suction vortices. From the results, suction vortices induced biased flow structure and more cavitations, especially at the low flow rate condition. Complicated internal flow phenomena through impellers such as formation of cavitations, growing and shedding of the vortex, flow separation and flow unsteadiness due to the suction vortices are investigated and discussed.     

Numerical investigations on cavitating flows with thermodynamic effects in a diffuser-type centrifugal pump

A cavitation model with thermodynamic effects for cavitating flows in a diffuser-type centrifugal pump is developed based on the bubble two-phase flow model. The proposed cavitation model includes mass, momentum, and energy transportations according to the thermodynamic mechanism of cavitation. Numerical simulations are conducted inside the entire passage of the centrifugal pump by using the proposed cavitation model and the renormalization group-based k-? turbulent model coupled with the energy transportation equation. By using the commercial computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT 6.3, we have shown that the predicted performance characteristics of the pump, as well as the pressure, vapor, and density distributions in the impeller, agree well with that calculated by the full cavitation model. Simulation results show that cavitation initially occurs slightly behind the inlet of the blade suction surface, i.e., the area with maximum vapor concentration and minimum pressure. The predicted temperature field shows that the reduction in temperature restrains the growth of cavitating bubbles. Therefore, the thermodynamic effect should be treated as a necessary factor in cavitation models. Comparison results validate the efficiency and accuracy of the numerical technique in simulating cavitation flows in centrifugal pumps.     

Comparison of cavitation prediction for a centrifugal pump with or without volute casing

Cavitation may not only cause head and efficiency breakdown of hydraulic machines but also generate other unfavorable phenomena such as noise and vibration. Therefore, the accurate prediction of cavitation development is important for various pump applications. In this paper, two numerical models, namely, models A and B, are applied to simulate the turbulent cavitating flows inside a centrifugal pump to investigate the effect of calculation domain on the prediction accuracy of cavitation performance for hydraulic machines. Model A has a calculation domain with volute casing, whereas model B has a single blade-to-blade flow passage without volute casing. Steady simulations of cavitating flow in the pump have been conducted based on the shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model and the homogeneous cavitation model. Both models A and B predicted that the pump performance decreases with decreasing cavitation number. Experimental results show that model B can predict better the critical cavitation number at the best efficiency point compared with model A, which is the full flow passage model. Internal flow investigations indicate that an asymmetrical feature of cavitating flow exists when the calculation domain with volute casing is applied. The asymmetrical cavitation development in different blade-to-blade flow passages for model A results in an over-estimation of the decrease in pump performance because of the interaction between the impeller blade and the tongue of the volute casing. A simple calculation domain without volute casing is preferred for steady cavitation prediction in pumps rather than the full flow passage with volute casing because the former has better convergence, less resource requirements, and lower time consumption.     

Numerical and experimental investigation of cavitation flows in a multistage centrifugal pump

Cavitation behavior is very important in pumps for long time operation. However, there is difficulty in predicting the cavitation phenomena of pumps by Computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In order to accurately ascertain cavitation behavior, a comparison between CFD and experimental data is a significant and essential process. The purpose of this study is to analyze cavitating behavior in multistage centrifugal pumps numerically and experimentally. For this investigation an experimental set up was used to obtain cavitation performance results. The CFD method was used to investigate the multistage centrifugal pump performance under developed cavitating conditions. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were discretized by the finite volume method. The two-equation SST turbulence model was adopted to account for turbulent flows. Numerical data were validated with experimental data and a good comparison of results was achieved. Numerically, cavitation performances were obtained for different pump stages and the effects on cavitation were described according to different NPSH (Net positive suction head). The occurrence of cavitation was also described according to NPSH3% in the head drop lines and water vapor volume fraction on the impeller blade. The rapid drop in head at low NPSH was captured for different flow conditions. It was found that for stage to stage performance, the head drop changes could be related to losses inside the pump. It was also shown that the simulation results can truly represent the development of the attached sheet cavitation in the impeller.     

转速对齿轮泵内流场空化强度的影响

针对齿轮泵中齿轮转速在500~3652 r/min的变转速条件下工作的实际工况,该文通过实验的方法研究了转速对某型齿轮泵内流场空化强度的影响。使用现有的齿轮泵测试实验台,对在齿轮泵转速改变的条件下,齿轮泵内流场的空化强度改变进行监测。由于空化无法直接测量,该文根据空化诱导振动理论对齿轮泵的振动进行测量,得到了齿轮泵内流场空化强度随齿轮转速上升而增强的规律。通过Pumplinx软件对内流场进行建模,利用软件特有的空化损伤模块进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明齿轮泵内流场空化强度随齿轮转速上升而增强,与实验所得规律一致。本文所总结的规律对减弱齿轮泵内流场空化强度,提升使用寿命具有一定的参考作用。     

螺旋式纸浆离心泵内部流动的数值模拟

为分析螺旋式纸浆离心泵内部流动状态,给优化过流部件结构的优化设计提供基础,采用CFD分析软件Fluent对螺旋式离心泵内部单相流动和固液两相流动进行了数值模拟。给出了螺旋式叶轮建模方法和流场分析方法,分析了泵内流体速度和压力的分布特性,并基于流动模拟结果预测了水力性能,单相输送条件下的计算结果与试验结果取得了较好的一致。通过对一定体积浓度和颗粒粒径下固液两相流的研究计算,分析了螺旋式离心泵叶片表面以及流道内的固液相分布状态,对螺旋式结构的优化具有一定的参考意义。     

超低比转速复合式离心泵内部流动特性分析

为研究超低比转速复合式离心泵内部流动特性,以一台比转速为16、半开式复合叶轮离心泵为研究对象,应用ANSYS-Fluent19R1软件对模型泵进行三维全流场数值模拟计算,得出泵内部流场及作用在叶轮、蜗壳上的径向力分布规律。结果表明:在不同流量工况下,随着流量的增加,在隔舌附近出现较大的压力梯度;在长叶片与短叶片相间隔流道内低速区面积较大、叶轮出口处分布较多的旋涡;当流量从0.2倍增加至1.8倍额定流量时,作用在蜗壳上的径向力幅值逐渐减小,作用在叶轮上的径向力幅值先减小后增加,在1.0倍额定流量时径向力幅值达到最小,而后增大。为超低比转速复合式离心泵的设计优化提供参考。     

离心泵空化余量分析研究

许多泵长期运行处在临界空化工况与初生空化工况之间,会造成叶片表面出现坑蚀和穿孔等破坏,从而使泵因空化而达不到预期寿命.由此选用一种单级单吸离心泵为研究对象,基于湍流模型k-ε和空化模型Zwart,进行非定常空化数值计算结果分析.对于初生空化的判定,以σ≥1.0时叶片表面刚刚发生空化,产生的汽泡对外特性无影响,且以汽体体...     

基于FLUENT数值模拟的离心泵内冰浆两相流流动特性分析

针对冰浆两相流在离心泵的流动特性问题,基于欧拉法建立冰浆Mixture两相流模型,通过FLUENT软件对冰浆流动特性进行数值模拟,得到了在不同流量工况下的离心泵内部压力场、速度场以及冰晶颗粒分布特性.多次数值计算,获得离心泵在输送含冰率为10％的冰浆时的性能特性曲线,并与该离心泵在输送清水时的性能曲线进行了对比分析.研...