含钒蠕墨铸铁干摩擦学性能

研究了含钒蠕墨铸铁与钢盘对磨时的干摩擦学性能。结果表明，钒的加入降低了蠕墨铣的的磨损量，提高了接触压力和摩擦速度变化时磨损量的稳定性。含钒０．１％和０．３％时，提高了摩擦系数和高接触压力，高摩擦速度下降摩擦系数稳定性。     

配副体积比对铸铁干摩擦学特性的影响

金属干摩擦副双方的相对体积比影响摩擦热在干摩擦学系统中的分配,从而影响材料的干摩擦磨损性能,在铸铁／４０Ｃｒ钢摩擦副和铸铁闸瓦的实际装车运行试验中,均发现随着铸铁材料的磨损,其干摩擦磨损性能有不同程度的降低。蠕墨铸铁比灰铸铁具有理钕的干摩擦学稳定性。     

石墨形态对含铸铁干摩擦磨损行为的影响

本文利用自制的干摩擦磨损试验机,系统地研究了不同石墨形态含磷铸铁在不同接触压力及不同摩擦速度条件下的干摩擦磨损行为。试验结果证明,合磷蠕墨铸铁具有最佳的耐磨性及最高的摩擦系数。随着接触压力的提高,含磷铸铁的磨损量呈直线增加,而随着摩擦速度的提高,含磷铸铁的磨损量首先增加,而后则大幅度下降。随着接触压力和摩擦速度的提高,含磷铸铁的摩擦系数首先大幅度降低,而后趋于一相对稳定值。随着石墨长宽比的增加,摩擦系数趋于相对稳定值的接触压力和摩擦速度呈直线增加。     

AS41耐热镁合金的摩擦学行为研究

本文研究了AS41耐热镁合金在室温和200℃时的显微组织、力学和摩擦学性能,并探讨了其在高温的摩擦学机理。研究表明:AS41耐热镁合金主要由基体(α-Mg)相和第二相(Mg17Al12、Mg2Si和MgO相)组成,其在200℃时除延伸率有所增加外,抗拉强度和屈服强度均较室温时显著下降。耐热镁合金的摩擦系数随载荷增大而减小,滑行速度和滑行距离对摩擦系数的影响不大;磨损率随着载荷和滑行距离的增加而增大,但随滑行速度的增加而减小;且耐热镁合金在200℃的摩擦学性能优于其室温摩擦学性能。随着载荷变化,磨损机理发生变化;低载荷时表现为氧化磨损和磨粒磨损;中等载荷时表现为磨粒磨损和轻微剥层磨损;较高载荷时表现为剥层磨损。     

TC4钛合金细丝摩擦磨损性能研究

选用不同载荷（F）和摩擦速度（V）进行正交对比实验,研究TC4钛合金金属丝在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能,得出载荷和摩擦速度与TC4细丝摩擦系数和磨损率间的相关规律。采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪观察并分析了TC4细丝表面磨损形貌、元素种类及物相组成,并讨论了TC4细丝的磨损机制。结果表明：在摩擦速度相同时,载荷增大,摩擦系数先增大后减小,磨损率则持续增大;当载荷不变时,摩擦速度与摩擦系数呈负相关,与磨损率呈正相关。在TC4磨损机制中,氧化磨损和磨粒磨损主要出现在低载荷和低速情况下,氧化磨损和粘着磨损主要出现在中载荷和中速情况下,磨粒磨损主要出现在高载荷情况下,而氧化磨损则出现在高速下。随F·V值增大,摩擦系数先减小后增大,磨损率与F·V值呈正相关。     

新型铁基固体自润滑复合材料摩擦学特性的研究

为了开发新型的高温固体自润滑材料,采用粉末冶金法制备了添加羰基镍包覆石墨和CaF2的新型铁基自润滑材料,研究了该材料的力学及摩擦学性能。结果表明:在室温下,添加CaF2的复合材料的摩擦系数变化甚微,而磨损率出现增加的趋势;但是,在500℃高温下,复合材料的摩擦系数却随着CaF2含量的增加而不断降低,磨损率先降低后又逐渐增加;当CaF2添加量为5%(质量分数)时,复合材料在较宽温度范围内均具有优异的摩擦学性能。获得了具有良好综合性能的高温固体自润滑材料。     

含高铜、砷铸造生铁熔制蠕墨铸铁试验

蠕虫状石墨铸铁作为新型铸铁材料已受到世界各国铸造工作者的广泛重视,目前正在向广度和深度发展,但对于铜、砷含量都很高的高硫铁水在低温条件下稳定生产蠕墨铸铁在国内外还很少见。1984年韶钢对高铜、高砷铸造生铁在高硫低温条件下熔制蠕墨铸铁进行探索性试验,已获得初步成     

半固态法制备A390高硅铝合金干摩擦磨损性能研究

采用传统铸造技术和半固态过流冷却技术分别制备了A390铝合金铸棒。在MVF-1A摩擦磨损试验机上研究了显微组织、外加载荷和温度对A390铝合金干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响,对磨环材料为45^#钢。采用SEM对A390铝合金磨损面形貌进行了分析。结果表明：相同载荷和温度下,经半固态处理的A390铝合金材料耐磨性能更优异。随着外加载荷的增加,A390的摩擦系数和磨损率呈现先降低和增加的趋势;载荷为80 N时,A390的摩擦系数最稳定,磨损率最小。A390的摩擦系数和磨损率对温度变化较敏感,在100℃以下,磨损率变化较小,以磨粒磨损机制为主;当温度超过100℃时,摩擦系数波动明显,磨损面塑性变形严重,此时同时发生磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

载荷和温度对SiCp/A357复合材料摩擦磨损特性的影响

采用铸造法制备了SiCp/A357复合材料。在MVF-1A摩擦磨损试验机上研究了外加载荷和温度对SiCp/A357复合材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响,对磨环材料为45^#钢。采用SEM对铝基复合材料磨损面形貌进行了分析。结果表明：随着外加载荷的增加,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率呈现先降低后增加的趋势;载荷为100 N时,复合材料的摩擦系数最稳定,磨损率最小。复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率对温度变化很敏感,在115℃以下,磨损率变化较小,以磨粒磨损机制为主;当温度超过165℃时,摩擦系数波动明显,磨损面塑性变形严重,此时以粘着磨损机制为主。     

干湿态下制动载荷对粉末冶金闸片材料摩擦学性能的影响北大核心

采用粉末冶金技术制备了一种高速列车用铜基闸片材料,研究了干湿环境下制动载荷对铜基闸片材料摩擦学性能的影响,探究了闸片材料及其配对材料(铸钢材料)的磨损规律。结果表明:随着制动载荷的增加,干湿态下摩擦稳定系数均先减小后增加,平均摩擦因数不断降低,闸片材料的磨损率先快速增加后小幅减小,铸钢材料的磨损率先快速增加后缓慢增加。湿态环境可减轻低制动载荷下闸片材料的剥落程度及高制动载荷下材料的犁削,降低了摩擦因数及材料的磨损率。     

Characteristics of Deformation Layer for Vermicular Iron under Dry Sliding Friction

At room temperature, dry sliding wear tests were carried out using pin-on disc test rig, in which the pin is made of vermicular iron and the disc is made of 40Cr steel. The microstructures of the frictional surfaces for the pin specimens were investigated. Under the action ofboth frictional heat and frictional shearing stress, a plastic deformation layer under the frictional surface is formed. The morphology and properties of the plastic deformation layer depend on specimen material, contact pressure and frictional shearing stress. In the plastic deformation layer, the phosphorous mass percent varies at different depth and results in different hardness. On the outer side of surface, the hardness is the biggest and the phosphorous mass percent is the highest. They become gradually small from outer side to inner side of the surface.     

稀土对余热淬火低合金耐磨蠕铁组织和性能的影响

研究了稀土对余热淬火低合金耐磨蠕铁中石墨形态及碳化物尺寸的影响。试验表明，稀土能使低合金铸铁组织中的板条状碳化物细化，其原因主要和细小均匀分布在基体中的蠕墨对碳化物长大起阻碍作用有关。生产实践表明，这种稀土变质低合金铸铁在余热淬火处理条件下能获得较好的韧性及耐磨性。     

Microstructure, Impact Fatigue Resistance and Impact Wear Resistance of Wear Resistant Low Cr-Si Cast Iron

Wear parts are greatly consumed in metallurgi-cal industry,fire power stations and cement works.The consumption of grinding balls and lining platesmay be the greatestunder such impactabrasive wearconditions.In China,annual consumption of ballsand plates is close to 1× 10 6 t.Therefore,develop-ing a new material for impact wear conditions is veryimportant.　　 The martensitic high chromium cast iron(WCr= 15 % ) is widely studied and used as wear resis-tance material[1— 8] ,especially for ma…     

Wear Evaluation on Ni3Al/MnS Composite Related to Metallurgical Processes

 Iron alloyed Ni3Al with composition of Ni-18.8Al-10.7Fe-0.5Mn-0.5Ti-0.2B in atom percent (NAC alloy) showed attractive tribological properties under unlubrication condition at room temperature. The alloy was prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process. The wear properties were associated with its intrinsic deformation mechanism. Unfortunately, the single phase NAC-alloy worked inadequately with its counterpart disk, and also showed a poor machinability. In the present work, NAC-alloy matrix composite with 6% (volume percent) MnS particle addition was studied to improve its wear behaviors and performance on machining. Two metallurgical processes of HIP and vacuum casting were applied to produce the testing materials. Pin-on-disk (POD) measurements were carried out at room temperature. A commercial vermicular graphite cast iron was selected as a reference material. The counterpart disk was made of a grey cast iron as liner material in ship engines. The contact pressures of 2.83 MPa and 5.66 MPa were normally applied in the tests. The investigation indicated that MnS particle addition in the NAC-alloy composites functions as an effective solid lubricant, and improved wear properties and machinability of the materials. Obviously, as-cast NAC-alloy with in-situ formed MnS-phase was working more effectively with the counterpart, comparing to the HIPed NAC-alloy composite with MnS particles. At the high contact pressure of 5.66 MPa, the specific wear rate of the as-cast NAC-alloy composite was high. The phenomenon of the negative effect is mostly due to the brittle second NiAl phase as evidenced in the microstructure analysis.     

Study of Manufacturing Technology and Properties of AVGCI with Rare Earths

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高铬镍无限冷硬铸铁轧辊材料的磨损性试验

利用自行开发研制的高温滑动磨损与热接触疲劳材料试验机,并运用表面覆膜技术、金相分析和扫描电镜,研究了用于精轧机的高铬镍无限冷硬铸铁轧辊材料在热轧状态下的耐磨特性,分析了这种轧辊材料的表面形貌、表层组织的变化情况。结果表明,当轧制公里数达到88km时,高铬镍无限冷硬铸铁轧辊表面产生了碳化物的浮凸和剥落。     

Effect of Alloying Elements on Thermal Wear of Cast Hot-Forging Die Steels

The effect of main alloying elements on thermal wear of cast hot-forging die steels was studied. The wear mechanism was discussed. The results show that alloying elements have significant influences on the thermal wear of cast hot-forging die steels. The wear rates decrease with an increase in chromium content from 3% to 4% and molybdenum content from 2% to 3%, respectively. With further increase of chromium and molybdenum contents, chromium slightly reduces the wear resistance and molybdenum severely deteriorates the wear resistance with high wear rate. Lower vanadium/carbon ratio （1.5-2.5） leads to a lower wear resistance with higher wear rate. With an increase in vanadium/carbon ratio, the wear resistance of the cast steel substantially increases. When vanadium/carbon ratio is 3, the wear rate reaches the lowest value. The predominant mechanism of thermal wear of cast hot-forging die steels are oxidation wear and fatigue delamination. The Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 or lumps of brittle wear debris are formed on the wear surface.