费托合成详细产物分析方法及产物分布自动生成策略

费托合成反应具有产物种类复杂、碳数分布广及收集流程长等特点,产物组分的定性、定量分析涉及多步且繁重的谱峰识别和数据处理工作,耗时耗力且极易产生人为误差。结合最新分析技术,设计并验证了一维色谱分析尾气、水相和油相低碳产物组分,利用二维色谱配置反吹装置分析了油相和蜡相产物(C_≤30)组分、高温模拟蒸馏分析蜡相产物(C₃₁～C₁₀₀)组分,以及理论外推了C₁₀₀₊产物组分的组合分析方法。借助Python语言的数据处理功能,提出了费托合成详细产物分析及数据自动处理策略,通过深入剖析产物谱峰数据特征,针对不同产物流股提出相应的定量计算方法,最终形成了高效准确的费托合成全产物分布自动处理方案。验证了各种操作条件下产物分布计算的准确性,发现在高链增长因子的费托合成反应条件(温度为275℃、压力为3 MPa、合成气空速为35 L/(g·h)及n(H₂):n(CO)=1)下,该方法可确定的产物的最高碳数达164。     

费托合成产物的加工利用技术探讨

费托合成反应是CO加氢和碳链增长的反应。费托合成产物是以烃类为主的混合物,经分离得到费托合成油、尾气和反应水。将费托合成产物进行不同工艺条件的加工处理,可以得到高附加值的化学品。     

低温费托合成产物高值化加工利用路线及煤制油产业展望

综述了我国煤制油产业现状,围绕低温费托合成技术及产物特点,分析了下游8种高值化、精细化加工利用路线,并对今后煤制油产业发展方向进行了展望。指出实现煤制油产业高效发展的关键是C_(5)~C_(20)馏分产物高值化、精细化加工利用;煤制油产业发展的方向是高、低温费托合成技术集成与耦合;煤制油产业发展的最大优势是以费托合成为核心,实现规模化、集群化发展。     

管式固定床反应器中Fe基费托合成的多物理场耦合数值分析

通过构建包含动量、能量、质量传递以及化学反应动力学方程的多物理场耦合数值模型,计算了Fe基催化剂管式固定床反应器中的费托合成过程,分析了费托合成管式反应通道中的速度、压力与温度分布,以及温度、流速和反应物n(H2)/n(CO) 3个因素对产物选择性的影响,阐明了沿着气体流动方向的反应速率变化趋势。结果表明,催化剂段入口处存在“热点”区域;在费托合成烃类产物中,CH4的碳原子选择性最高,其次是C5+类产物;C5+产物的选择性随着温度、流速和n(H2)/n(CO)的增大均有所降低。构建的数值模型及相关结论有助于从传递及反应过程的角度,为固定床反应器内费托合成操作工艺的优化提供理论参考。     

埋刮板输送机在费托合成过滤卸渣系统的应用

费托合成反应器蜡是低温费托合成的重要产物,陕西未来能源煤制油分公司100万吨/年费托合成采用兖矿上海能源科技低温铁基浆态床技术。产物反应器蜡通过过滤器预涂和添加助剂等手段过滤出铁基催化剂,得到合格石蜡,过滤器卸渣通过埋刮板输送机输送至运输车辆倒运至指定位置。     

费托合成产物高附加值利用研究

费托合成是将煤和天然气转化为液体燃料的核心技术。费托合成产物以正构烷烃和正构烯烃为主,不含硫、氮等杂质。根据费托产物的特点,通过一定的分离和反应过程,可以得到聚α烯烃(PAO)、特种溶剂油、高碳醇、钻井液、Ⅲ类基础油、高熔点蜡等高附加值化学品。     

两段串联浆态床费托合成工艺试验研究

对铁系催化剂费托合成反应过程和反应动力学进行了深入分析,依据其反应过程的特点提出了两段串联浆态床费托合成工艺,该工艺中第一段反应器的进料仅为新鲜合成气并单程通过,第一段反应器顶部气相产物经过冷却分离出油、水产品后的气体进入第二段反应器,第二段反应器顶部气相产物经过冷却分离出油、水产品后的气体部分循环回第二段反应器继续进...     

费托合成工艺研究进展

针对费托合成反应中的催化剂、传质和传热的关键问题,综述了低温和高温费托合成工艺的研究进展以及应用现状,对固定床、流化床和浆态床3种传统的费托合成工艺进行了分析与比较,并介绍了近年出现的微通道反应器、整体式反应器等新型反应器和超临界流体等新型费托合成工艺。在此基础上,对今后费托合成工艺的研究及发展方向进行了分析和展望,反应器结构、催化剂设计和微反应器是未来的研究热点,将为费托合成工艺的进步发挥重要作用。     

催化剂活化压力对费托合成反应影响的研究

采用中国神华自主知识产权低温浆态床费托合成工业沉淀铁系催化剂SFT418-7,在神华浆态床费托合成催化剂评价中试装置(CEU)上实施了经不同活化压力处理的催化剂对费托合成反应性能影响试验。结果表明,2.8 MPa压力下还原处理的催化剂较0.5 MPa压力活化处理的催化剂合成气(H2+CO)总转化率高,CO转化率和H2转化率均略高,而C+,C3+和C5+时空产率及合成气产油率却有所降低,碳有效利用率相对降低,其原因主要受CO2选择性增加引起。催化剂活化压力提高后,反应产物CH4选择性显著增加,烃类中C3+和C5+产物选择性下降,表明提高压力活化情况下,催化剂表面水煤气变换反应活性相增加,费托合成反应向碳链缩短方向转移。     

费托合成钴基催化剂颗粒内的传递反应行为分析

基于费托合成钴基催化剂反应动力学模型,建立了针对费托合成复杂多重反应体系的多组分扩散-反应的颗粒数学模型,以此为基础,考察了费托合成体系中催化剂颗粒尺寸、操作条件及反应物在颗粒内的传递反应行为等对费托合成反应性和产物选择性的影响。结果表明,对于毫米级钴基催化剂,费托合成反应主要发生在催化剂颗粒的外部壳层,0.2R_p～0.3R_p厚度区域(R_p为催化剂半径),低碳烃较易在催化剂颗粒内部产生,重质烃则易在催化剂颗粒表面产生,催化剂内部温升为0.0534℃,不会造成催化剂烧结。升高温度和增大颗粒尺寸抑制烃类产物的链增长,增大压力则有利于产物碳链的增长和重质烃的生成。工业用固定床钴基催化剂颗粒采用圆柱形Φ2×2～Φ4×4 mm(直径×高)最为适宜,CO内扩散有效因子范围为0.15～0.30。     

Conversion of syngas to liquid hydrocarbons via a sorption-enhanced dual bed reactor

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) plays an important role in the production of clean liquid transportation fuels, chemicals, and other hydrocarbon products. This study proposes a novel dual bed configuration of FTS reactor in which Zeolite 4A, with the composition of Na₁₂ (Si₁₂Al₁₂O₄₈)?27H₂O, is considered as water adsorbent inside the first reactor. In the second converter, the heat of reaction is used to pre-heat the synthesis gas to the first bed. The simulation results show an enhancement in the gasoline production, a main decrease in undesirable product formation (CO₂ and CH₄), and a favorable temperature profile along the proposed concept rather than the conventional reactor. This paper shows how the concept of in-situ water adsorption is feasible and beneficial for dual bed FTS.     

费托合成反应动力学研究的回顾与展望

综述了费托合成反应动力学 /模型的研究概况 ,并根据费托合成反应动力学的最新研究进展和目前煤 /天然气通过费托合成的优化利用途径而逐步走向工程化的需求 ,指出了将来费托合成反应动力学工作开展的重点     

The study of catalytic performance of silica-supported three metallic Fe–Co–Ce catalyst prepared using impregnation procedure for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

We apply the wet impregnation procedure to prepare the Fe–Co–Ce catalyst supported by silica. The effects of operational conditions such as temperature, pressure, and the feed ratios of reaction on the selectivity and yield were studied. The production of light olefins from syngas (CO and H₂) over this catalyst in a fixed bed reactor via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was investigated. The reactor tests were determined through the design experiments.The optimum condition was determined in a way that the selectivity of methane was the least and other olefins have the maximum selectivity. The results indicated that the catalyst at 350°C, 3 bar, and syngas with H₂/CO ratio 1/1 has shown the better catalytic performance for FTS.     

ZrO2-SiO2 AEROGEL SUPPORTED COBALT CATALYSTS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LONG-CHAIN HYDROCARBON FROM SYNGAS

The effect of support and preparation method on the texture, surface area, extent of reduction, H₂ desorption and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS) reaction properties of ZrO₂-SiO₂ aerogel supported cobalt-based catalysts was investigated. The results indicate that under the conditions that favor the formation of long-chain hydrocarbons, cobalt catalyzed FTS reaction appears to be structure sensitive. Support effects significantly influence the catalytic behavior. Cobalt catalyst supported on zirconia-coated silica aerogel leads to heavy products from syngas, in which case C5⁺ yield could reach 150g/Nm³(CO+H₂) under the optimal conditions (T=293K, P=2.0MPa, GHSV=500h^-1); cobalt catalyst supported on ZrO₂-SiO₂ mixed aerogel, however, was shown to produce middle distillate and the yield of C5-C₂₀ products for this catalyst is about 120g/NM³ (CO+H₂)     

The impacts of the food traceability system and consumer involvement on consumers' purchase intentions toward fast foods

This study aims to ascertain whether or not the Food Traceability System (FTS) can decrease an individual's perceived uncertainty and strengthen his/her purchase intention regarding fast foods. A website-based questionnaire study was conducted in Taiwan and a total of 435 valid subjects collected. The empirical results of structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis indicate that when a fast food store adopts FTS then consumers' perceived uncertainty can be reduced because both their perceived information asymmetry and fears of seller opportunism are also reduced, which in turn strengthen their purchase intentions regarding fast foods. In addition, with FTS, not only are both consumers' perceived product diagnosticity and informativeness are increased but consumers' trust in the farmer's records kept for this system is also increased, which in turn mitigate both consumers' perceived information asymmetry and fears of seller opportunism. Finally, the higher the degree of involvement an individual has and the more FTS mitigates his/her perceived uncertainty, the higher his/her purchase intention regarding fast foods than otherwise. Based on the findings from this study, attempts are made to provide some suggestions to the public health sector and the fast food marketers to promote FTS.     

ZrO2-SiO2 AEROGEL SUPPORTED COBALT CATALYSTS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LONG-CHAIN HYDROCARBON FROM SYNGAS

ABSTRACT

The effect of support and preparation method on the texture, surface area, extent of reduction, H₂ desorption and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS) reaction properties of ZrO₂-SiO₂ aerogel supported cobalt-based catalysts was investigated. The results indicate that under the conditions that favor the formation of long-chain hydrocarbons, cobalt catalyzed FTS reaction appears to be structure sensitive. Support effects significantly influence the catalytic behavior. Cobalt catalyst supported on zirconia-coated silica aerogel leads to heavy products from syngas, in which case C5⁺ yield could reach 150g/Nm³(CO+H₂) under the optimal conditions (T=293K, P=2.0MPa, GHSV=500h^?1); cobalt catalyst supported on ZrO₂-SiO₂ mixed aerogel, however, was shown to produce middle distillate and the yield of C5-C₂₀ products for this catalyst is about 120g/NM³ (CO+H₂)     

A Study on NMR and GC/MS Spectra of the Isomers of Linear Hexyl Naphthalene

The GC/MS and NMR analysis of the reaction products of naphthalene with 1-bromohexane were reported. The products obtained were suggested to have six isomers of linear hexylnaphthalene and the structure of each isomer was determined by GC/MS and NMR spectra. For the first time, the unique chemical shift data were obtained. The content of each isomer calculated by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra was consistent with that by GC/MS spectra, which confirmed the accuracy of NMR data.     

氧乐果在气相色谱中分解情况研究

研究了氧乐果在气相色谱中的分解情况。用气相色谱和质谱对氧乐果分解产物进行了定性和定量分析。     

Evaluation and modeling of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in presence of a Co/ZrO2 catalyst

Abstract

The present work focused on the application of response surface methodology (RSM), Box–Behnken design (BBD), for prediction of products distribution of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) using a Co/ZrO₂ catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The effect of four independent operating variables such as reaction temperature, pressure, space velocity and H₂/CO ratio on the responses (CH₄ and C₅⁺ selectivities) in FTS were investigated. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the suggested quadratic models could well predict CH₄ and C₅⁺selectivities. The optimized operating condition was temperature 200.73?°C, pressure 20?bar, space velocity 1662.58?h^?1 and H₂/CO ratio 1.93.