一种新型功能材料——二维层状磁性锌铝水滑石的制备及表征

采用共沉淀法将磁性基质与锌铝水滑石组装制备二维层状磁性锌铝水滑石,考察了不同n(Zn2 )/n(Fe2 )比及焙烧温度对合成磁性锌铝水滑石结构的影响,并借助XRD、FT-IR、VSM、HRTEM等手段对其晶型结构、磁学性能及结晶度等进行表征,结果表明:锌铝水滑石在赋予磁性后,并没有改变其典型的层状结构,证实了将磁性基质与层状材料组装合成的可行性.     

镁铝水滑石的合成与应用研究进展

镁铝水滑石是一类具有广阔应用前景的层柱状化合物,近年来,人们利用镁铝水滑石的结构特性,将其作为吸附剂或催化剂,广泛应用于环境污染控制领域中。重点介绍了镁铝水滑石的合成方法,主要包括共沉淀法、水热合成法、离子交换法和焙烧还原法,并论述了其在水污染治理、大气污染治理、塑料工艺、阻燃材料等方面的应用。     

镁铝水滑石的制备与应用研究

镁铝水滑石因其阴离子的特殊性,具有诸多优点且应用广泛,引起了国内外诸多研究人员的关注。天然水滑石数量很少,而且大部分以尖晶石的形式出现,纯度极低,通过除去杂质得到纯度更高的天然水滑石成本非常高,因此通过人工合成获得高纯度的水滑石成为首选方法。目前我国合成水滑石(LDHs)的产量以15%左右的年增长率稳定增长,市场规模也维持15%以上高速增长。本文总结了近年来国内外镁铝水滑石的典型制备方法和应用,对比分析了各方法的优缺点以及最近几年镁铝水滑石在各领域的研究结果,最后对镁铝水滑石制备方法后续的研究与优化进行了展望。     

钴铝\镁铝水滑石的热稳定性能及其氧化物的结构研究

采用溶液共沉淀法合成了CoAl-HT和MgAl-HT水滑石,在800℃下煅烧4h得到了钴铝和镁铝尖晶石氧化物粉体。利用XRD、FT-IR和TG对水滑石及其氧化物粉体的结构和热稳定性能进行了表征分析。从XRD和FT-IR分析结果可知,所得产品为层板水滑石物质,且结晶性良好,从CoAl-HT和MgAl-HT结果对比可知,镁铝组合更容易形成水滑石结构;由氧化物粉体的XRD分析结果可知,在800℃下两者都形成了尖晶石结构,且钴铝氧化粉体尖晶石无杂相,结晶性更好;TG曲线呈现了两个样品的水滑石热学性能,通过对比可知,MgAl-HT在216和372℃下分解而CoAl-HT在197和243℃下分解说明MgAl-HT比CoAl-HT具有更好的热稳定性能。     

纳米镁铝水滑石的制备及其对聚氨酯阻燃性能的影响

采用液相沉淀法制备纳米镁铝水滑石微粉,利用XRD、TEM和TG对试样进行表征,研究了反应温度、干燥时间以及碳酸根浓度对镁铝水滑石纳米晶的影响.镁铝水滑石微粉经硅烷偶联剂KH550表面改性后填充到聚醚多元醇组合料中,采用原位聚合法制备出镁铝水滑石/软质聚氨酯纳米复合材料,研究了纳米镁铝水滑石对聚氨酯的阻燃效果及阻燃机理,并与Al(OH)_3阻燃效果进行对比.实验结果表明,晶粒尺寸随反应温度的升高而增大;干燥5h镁铝水滑石的热分解性能较好;适当提高碳酸根浓度可以改善镁铝水滑石晶体规整度;硅烷偶联剂KH550用量为5%时对镁铝水滑石表面改性效果最好;镁铝水滑石阻燃剂填充软质聚氨酯复合体系的阻燃效果要优于Al(OH)_3阻燃剂.     

液相沉淀法制备镁铝水滑石及其表征

采用液相沉淀法以AlCl3·6H2O，MgCl2·6H2O，Na2CO3，NaOH为原料，制备镁铝水滑石。研究结果表明水浴70、80、90℃加热时均能制备出纯净的镁铝水滑石，从热重分析可知镁铝水滑石有两个失重阶段，第一次热分解起始点约为173℃失重约15％，释放出镁铝水滑石中间层的4个结晶水，第二次热分解起始点约为352℃失重约30％，中间层中的碳酸根离子以二氧化碳的形式放出，同时羟基分解产生水。镁铝水滑石晶粒呈不规则的六边形，晶粒大小约在为30～70nm之间。     

镁铝铜水滑石的合成、表征及性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了不同摩尔投料(Mg/Al/Cu)的碳酸根型水滑石，用X-射线、红外光谱、热重．差热分析对水滑石进行了表征，测定对NOx的吸附性能。结果表明，Mg/Al/Cu摩尔比为2．5：1：0．5，2：1：1，1：1：2时合成的复合氧化物中都具有“feitknecht”结构。热重-差热分析结果显示合成样品的分解均有两个过程，掺入铜量少，热稳定性高。Mg/Al/Cu为2．5：1：0．5的水滑石对氮氧化物的吸附容量为1484．4mg/g。     

片状水滑石的水热合成及表征

以MgCl2.6H2O、γ-AlOOH和尿素为原料,在n(Mg2+)∶n(Al 3+)=2的条件下,采用水热法合成了Mg-Al水滑石粉体。考察了水热合成条件如反应温度、时间、反应物浓度对产物水滑石晶体结构、结晶度和形貌的影响,并采用XRD、SEM、TEM和TG技术对其进行了表征。结果表明,在优化条件下可获得结晶度高、板层结构显著、热稳定性好、分散性好、均一、规整的六边形片状水滑石晶体。当水热温度为150℃、水热时间为12h时合成水滑石的粒径为200～400nm,片厚度约为25nm。     

硼酸根插层锌镁铝水滑石的制备及其阻燃抑烟性能研究

采用成核／晶化隔离法和离子交换法分别制备了处于纳米尺寸的碳酸根镁铝水滑石和硼酸根锌镁铝水滑石。并将两种水滑石加入到聚醋酸乙烯脂中制备成复合材料，测试了复合材料的氧指数和无焰燃烧条件下的烟密度，考察了纳米LDHs对聚醋酸乙烯脂的阻燃及抑烟效果，并探讨了阻燃和抑烟机理。     

镁铝层状双金属氢氧化物的制备及表征

分别以氨水和氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法合成Mg-Al层状双金属氢氧化物,对产物的晶相、形貌和结构进行表征,采用正交实验法研究金属离子比例、反应温度、pH值等因素对产物层间距及层板生长机制的影响。结果表明,以氨水作为沉淀剂,Mg与Al物质的量比为2∶1,pH值为9.5,反应温度为40℃时,得到结晶度高,物相纯净且层间距d(003)达0.882 1 nm的层状双金属氢氧化物。     

Mg/Al水滑石催化合成聚碳酸酯二醇的研究

制备了Mg-Al水滑石,并将其进行了焙烧和再水合的处理,运用XRD,IR和BET对3种催化剂进行了表征,并对其应用于催化合成聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)的反应进行了研究.     

Effect of disordered magnetic correlations in a layered high-temperature superconductor

Using the Eliashberg equations for superconductivity in a layered high-temperature superconductor and taking into consideration the phonon-mediated electron-electron interaction and the effect of the disordered magnetic correlations, we calculated the expressions for the critical temperature. The phonon and the magnetic kernels have a logarithmic divergence in the lowfrequency limit and the critical temperature differs from the McMillan form. The effect of various parameters on the decrease of the critical temperature has been analyzed. The renormalization functionZ _ph () contains a logarithmic dependence on.     

离子型层状化合物制备及应用研究

简单介绍离子型和非离子型两类层状化合物的结构和性能,重点概括了以 LDH为代表的阴离子型层状化合物和以α 磷酸盐为代表的阳离子型层状化合物的制备以及研究进展。     

Magnetic orientation and magnetic anisotropy in paramagnetic layered oxides containing rare-earth ions

Abstract

The magnetic anisotropies and easy axes of magnetization at room temperature were determined, and the effects of rare-earth (RE) ions were clarified for RE-based cuprates, RE-doped bismuth-based cuprates and RE-doped Bi-based cobaltite regarding the grain orientation by magnetic field. The easy axis, determined from the powder orientation in a static field of 10 T, depended qualitatively on the type of RE ion for all three systems. On the other hand, the magnetization measurement of the c-axis oriented powders, aligned in static or rotating fields, revealed that the type of RE ion strongly affected not only the directions of the easy axis but also the absolute value of magnetic anisotropy, and an appropriate choice of RE ion is required to minimize the magnetic field used for grain orientation. We also studied the possibility of triaxial grain orientation in high-critical-temperature superconductors by a modulated oval magnetic field. In particular, triaxial orientation was attempted in a high-oxygen-pressure phase of orthorhombic RE-based cuprates Y₂Ba₄Cu₇O_y. Although the experiment was performed in epoxy resin, which is not practical, in-plane alignment within 3° was achieved.     

Magnetic orientation and magnetic anisotropy in paramagnetic layered oxides containing rare-earth ions

The magnetic anisotropies and easy axes of magnetization at room temperature were determined, and the effects of rare-earth (RE) ions were clarified for RE-based cuprates, RE-doped bismuth-based cuprates and RE-doped Bi-based cobaltite regarding the grain orientation by magnetic field. The easy axis, determined from the powder orientation in a static field of 10 T, depended qualitatively on the type of RE ion for all three systems. On the other hand, the magnetization measurement of the c-axis oriented powders, aligned in static or rotating fields, revealed that the type of RE ion strongly affected not only the directions of the easy axis but also the absolute value of magnetic anisotropy, and an appropriate choice of RE ion is required to minimize the magnetic field used for grain orientation. We also studied the possibility of triaxial grain orientation in high-critical-temperature superconductors by a modulated oval magnetic field. In particular, triaxial orientation was attempted in a high-oxygen-pressure phase of orthorhombic RE-based cuprates Y₂Ba₄Cu₇O_y. Although the experiment was performed in epoxy resin, which is not practical, in-plane alignment within 3° was achieved.     

层状钙钛矿La2KMn2O7和La3KMn3O10的制备及磁、电性质的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La2KMn2O7和La3KMn3O10两种后状钙钛矿锰氧化物多晶样品，研究了乙酸(CH3COOH)超声处理后对La2KMn2O7和La3KMn3O10结构和磁性的影响。结果表明超声取代可以提高样品的结晶度，对样品的结构及磁性能也有较大影响。本文对上述现象的可能原因也进行了初步讨论，并讨论了样品的磁电阻效应。