全光型大电流光纤电流传感器

本文中综合论述了光学电流传感器的特点、历史发展及现状,及两种基本类型的光学电流传感器,着重研究了其中最有希望实用的磁光材料型光学电流传感器的传感机理。     

Transducer mechanisms for optical biosensors. Part 2: Transducer design

Optical fibre biosensors basically require two components, namely optical fibres, to enable remote measurements to be made, and immobilised reagents. The propagation of light along fibres is discussed and various effects causing attenuation and a fall in transmission efficiency, viz. coupling of light into the fibre and attenuation characteristics of the fibre itself, are considered. The modes of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the immobilised reagent, viz. absorption alone, absorption followed by luminescence, reflection, or scattering, are discussed and followed by methods by which these effects can be utilised to provide an optically detectable signal. Practical sensor configurations are described and the associated optical instrumentation is outlined. Finally a brief overview is presented of the current state of the art of these sensors.     

二线制温度变送器的设计

本文介绍了二线制热电阻电偶温度变送器的电路设计,文章分析了系统实现的理论依据及硬件实现方案,说明了利用VB设计的辅助设计软件,该装置具有精度高,可靠性较好,电路简单,成本低,体积小,生产调试方便等特点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

双模光纤传感器的研究

分析了椭圆芯双模光纤的传输特性及其传感原理，作为例子，具体描述了双模光纤在光纤纵向应力传感方面的应用。     

多变量涡街变送器的研究

在生产过程自动控制领域中,用1台仪表同时进行温度、压力、流量等参数测量的多变量变送器是非常重要的,介绍了多变量变送器的工作原理、结构,讨论了二线制变送器的设计难点。     

Intelligent robotic assembly

It is normal when programming a robotic manipulator to provide the end effector's orientation and position at the pick up and drop off locations. Additional sensory information and intelligence is needed, however, to detect the presence of a part as well as its location if the assembly site cannot be controlled precisely by employing expensive jigs or fixtures. This paper investigates, for this purpose, the application of solely an inexpensive laser sensor mounted unobtrusively to the end effector of a CRS robot having customized hardware and open software. Data from the sensor is converted into a single “Feature Value Vector” to recognize a part and accurately determine its location by using a neural network and back propagation training. The procedure's viability is tested by assembling a set of tightly meshing gears under poor ambient lighting.     

Intelligent robotic control

A theoretical approach is developed to deal with man-machine interactive systems requiring advanced decision making in unpredictable environments. The hierarchical method consists of a three-layer control of "increasing intelligence and decreasing precision." The lowest level consists of several controllers designed for effective control with existing hardware using an approximation theory of optimal control. The next level is that of a coordinator which utilizes new computer architectures to effectively control the overall hardware system. The highest level is the organizer which supervises the performance of the overall system. Both highest levels are computer implemented and the research involved is in developing the appropriate architecture and software to accommodate others. The lowest level, aimed for end-point control tasks, is dominated by typical hardware control methods. The coexistence of the two approaches makes the method novel. Application of intelligent control techniques to robotics and manipulative systems is considered.     

新型液位传感器

简要介绍了电容、超声波及光纤液位传感器的研制现状。     

传感器预处理器的研究

研究开发了一种传感器预处理器－８０９８单片机信号处理系统，运用实时反卷积算法，可使传感器传递的失真信号得到实时恢复。     

光导纤维pH值传感器

ｐＨ值测量涉及的领域广泛,方法很多,光导纤维,ｐＨ值传感器是利用光纤传感器的颜色调制技术的新应用,文中介绍了它的工作原理,信号检测以及补偿环境温度变化所作的处理等,比较了它与传统ｐＨ值测量方法的优,缺点。     

An efficient planning technique for robotic assemblies and intelligent robotic systems

An efficient planning algorithm for the organization and formulation of complete plans applicable to both robotic assemblies and intelligent robotic systems is proposed. The constraint of task precedence and the concepts of the criticality of tasks-events and valid repetitive orderings are introduced to facilitate and optimize the formulation of every complete plan capable of executing a user-requested job. Two examples demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm to both robotic assemblies and intelligent robotic systems.     

Optimal simulation of tree arrays by linear arrays

We show that an n-node complete binary tree can be embedded into an n-node linear array such that the maximum edge length is n/log n, and the distribution of the tree nodes is regular in the sense that if each node in the tree array is a finite-state machine and each edge is a communication channel, then the message exchanges (i.e., communication) among the tree nodes can be easily simulated by the linear array which has also finite-state machines for its nodes. The embedding is optimal with respect to the maximum edge length. The motivation for this is the proof of the following result: every cellular (or (log n)-depth iterative) tree array running in T(n) time can be simulated by a linear cellular (or iterative) array in nT(n)/log n time.     

差动式电容加速度传感器

对差动式电容加速度传感器的工作原理和误差来源进行了分析和讨论，为设计制造此种加速度传感器提供了理论依据．     

一种新型的电感式位移传感器

介绍了一种新型的电感式位移传感器。阐述了它的工作原理、结构及性能特点,并提出了用软件进行温度补偿的有效方法。     

平板式电容器的输出问题

本文讨论了差动电容传感器输出的线性化、数字化和抗干扰的问题,并给出了原理电路。     

Constraint-wrench analysis of robotic manipulators

The constraint-wrench analysis of mechanisms, with focus on parallel robots, is the subject of this paper. Although the method proposed here can be generalized for parallel robots with multiple-loop kinematic chains, here, single-loop chains are targeted. To this end, a novel representation of the constraints imposed by the kinematic pairs is introduced. With this representation, the constraint matrix of a mechanism is readily derived. For the calculation of the constraint wrenches, by means of the constraint matrix and based on the Newton–Euler formulation, a new procedure is introduced. As a case study, the constraint wrench analysis of the McGill Schönflies Motion Generator (SMG), while undergoing a test cycle adopted by the industry, is conducted.     

Applications of marine robotic vehicles

The ocean covers about two-thirds of the earth and has a great effect on the future existence of all human beings. About 37% of the world’s population lives within 100 km of the ocean. The ocean is generally overlooked as we focus our attention on land and atmospheric issues; we have not been able to explore the full depths of the ocean and its abundant living and non-living resources. For example, it is estimated that there are about 2,000 billion tons of manganese nodules on the floor of the Pacific Ocean near the Hawaiian Islands. We discovered, by using manned submersibles, that a large amount of carbon dioxide comes from the seafloor and extraordinary groups of organisms live in hydrothermal vent areas. Marine robots including unmanned surface vehicles and unmanned underwater vehicles can help us better understand marine and other environmental issues, protect the ocean resources of the earth from pollution, and efficiently utilize them for human welfare. This paper briefly presents some exemplary models of recent developments in marine robots in different application areas.