一种基于小波包变换的遥感影像融合方法

针对多光谱遥感影像和全色遥感影像,提出了一种基于小波包变换的遥感影像融合方法。新方法首先对多光谱遥感影像进行PCA变换;其次对多光谱遥感影像的第一主分量和全色遥感影像进行小波包变换;然后保留多光谱影像第一主分量的低频近似分量,融合它们的高频细节分量;最后,做小波包反变换,得到新的多光谱遥感影像第一主分量,再做PCA反变换,得到新的多光谱遥感影像。与PCA变换融合方法、IHS变换融合方法和小波变换融合方法等方法在主观视觉效果分析和客观统计参数两方面做了比较,新方法是有效的,不仅较大地增强了结果影像的空间细节表现能力,而且很好地保留了多光谱影像的光谱信息。     

基于PCA和数据融合的遥感图像数字水印算法

提出了一种向遥感图像中嵌入水印以保护其版权的算法。算法将数据融合技术和数字水印技术相结合,首先将全色图像进行小波分解,提取图像分解后的第三级低频边缘特征,利用PCA变换得到边缘特征的第一主分量作为水印信息,将水印与第三级中频进行融合;然后进行小波逆变换得到重构图像;最后采用小波变换和PCA融合法将含有水印的全色图像和多光谱图像相融合。提取水印时使用独立分量分析(ICA)方法。实验表明,该算法可以保护遥感图像的版权和进行真伪认证,且不破坏原始遥感图像的信息和特征,是有效可行的。     

结合PCA及字典学习的高光谱图像自适应去噪方法

高光谱图像各波段图像噪声分布复杂,传统去噪方法难以达到理想效果。针对这一问题,在主成分分析（PCA）的基础上,结合噪声估计和字典学习,提出一种新的高光谱去噪方法。首先,对原始高光谱数据进行主成分变换得到一组主成分图像并根据能量比重将其划分为清晰图像组和含噪图像组;然后,根据任一波段图像的信息,利用奇异值分解（SVD）对图像进行噪声估计,再将得到的噪声估计方法与K-SVD字典学习去噪算法结合,提出一种具备自适应噪声估计特性的字典学习去噪算法,并将其应用于信息量较小的含噪图像组进行去噪处理;最后,按各主成分图像对应的信息量比例进行加权融合得到最终的去噪图像。通过对模拟与实际高光谱遥感图像的实验表明,与PCA、PCA-Bish、PCA-Contourlet三种去噪方法相比,所提方法去噪后图像的峰值信噪比（PSNR）可以提升1~3 dB,且具有更多的细节信息和更好的视觉效果。     

基于小波变换和PCA的SAR图像相干斑抑制

提出一种SAR图像相干斑噪声抑制新的滤波方法。该方法利用小波变换结合主分量分析(PCA)对SAR图像进行去噪。小波变换可以很好地保持边缘细节信息,主分量分析(PCA)能从混合信号中提取出主分量即信号的主要特征,将小波变换结合PCA用于图像处理,能在有效消除噪声的同时保持边缘信息。与Kirsch模板加权平滑滤波和结合小波变换的Kirsch模板加权平滑滤波去噪方法进行比较,实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的抑制相干斑噪声效果和较强的边缘保持能力。     

基于分段行列2D-PCA的高光谱图像数据降维方法

针对传统二维主成分分析(2D-PCA)方法不能直接应用于高光谱图像数据降维的不足,提出一种基于分段行列2D-PCA的降维方法。利用高光谱图像波段间的相关系数进行波段子空间划分,在各子空间内通过旋转构建新的数据模型,以2D-PCA方法提取其行、列主成分信息,经过图像重建得到行、列主成分图像,对各波段子空间的行、列主成分图像进行小波分解,按照不同规则融合低频、高频系数,再通过小波逆变换得到降维后的图像。实验结果表明,与PCA和分段PCA方法相比,该方法在保证降维图像质量的前提下可缩短运算时间,提高高光谱图像的降维效率。     

基于NSCT域主分量分析的遥感图像去噪方法

提出一种新的结合非下采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）和主分量分析（PCA）的图像自适应阈值去噪方法。通过PCA估计NSCT域中的噪声能量,并与NSCT系数的领域信息相结合,构造出自适应阈值对遥感图像进行去噪。仿真实验结果表明,提出的方法与Contourlet硬阈值,基于Contourlet的图像PCA和NSCT硬阈值去噪方法相比能够有效去除遥感图像的高斯噪声,较完整地保持图像的边缘等细节信息,提高了图像的峰值信噪比,图像视觉效果也有明显改善。     

基于小波变换的图像条带噪声去除方法

条带噪声的存在不但妨碍高光谱图像的目视判读,而且制约高光谱遥感的定量应用。针对小波变换法条带噪声去除过程中遇到的条带噪声和图像有用信息难以有效分离的问题,根据小波变换的方向性和数学显微镜特性,提出了一种新的基于小波变换的条带噪声去除方法。这种方法首先对含有条带噪声的图像进行一定层数的小波分解;然后对每一层分解得到的与条带噪声分布方向相同的子图像再进行一定层数的小波分解,从而实现条带噪声和图像有用信息的有效分离,将含有条带噪声的子图像置零;最后利用小波反变换得到去除条带噪声的图像。以欧洲空间局PROBA卫星上搭载的CHRIS高光谱数据为例,采用相关系数(R)、结构相似度(SSIM)和峰值信噪比(PSNR)3个定量指标,对比分析了新方法与矩匹配法、傅立叶滤波法和小波阈值法的条带噪声去除效果。结果表明新方法去噪后的图像具有最高的R、SSIM和PSNR,新方法能够有效地去除高光谱图像中的条带噪声,同时较好地保留了原始图像的有用信息。
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面向提高图像分辨率的遥感数据融合新算法

在遥感应用研究中,数据融合技术有着非常广泛的应用.主分量分析方法(principalcomponentanalysis,简称PCA)是一种经典的遥感数据融合技术,在主分量分析方法的基础上,将小波变换与其结合起来,提出了一种新的基于小波叠加的PCA融合算法(addingwaveletcoefficientsprincipalcomponentanalysis,简称AWPCA).实验证明,与原来的PCA和IHS方法相比,基于小波叠加的PCA融合算法进一步提高了融合信息的质量,并能应用于其他需要高分辨率图像的场合中.     

对称分数B样条小波的PCA图像融合

有良好逼近能力的对称分数B样条小波,在刻画图像纹理方面优于传统小波,为图像融合提供了有利条件。将其与PCA（Principal Component Analysis）变换相结合之后对高分辨率全色图像和低分辨率多光谱图像进行融合,提出了一种新的图像融合算法。对两幅源图像应用PCA变换,得到的两个第一主分量分别进行对称分数B样条小波变换,再对产生的两组高、低频小波系数采取不同的规则进行融合,生成两组新的高、低频系数,对其进行小波反变换得到新的第一主分量,与多光谱图像的其他主分量进行PCA反变换,得到最终的融合图像。实验结果表明,该方法使融合图像既提高了分辨率又保留了丰富的光谱信息。     

基于改进的IHS、PCA和小波变换的遥感图像融合算法

文章提出了基于改进的IHS、PCA和小波变换的遥感图像融合算法,提高融合图像的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率,首先对多光谱图像进行PCA变换,使其维度降低,减少信息损失,将原始图像数据中有效的主要信息用主成分PC1、PC2、PC3表示.接着对主成分进行IHS变换得到I、H、S分量,之后将强度分量I与全色图像进行直方图优化求解得...     

Half-sweep imaging for depth from defocus

Depth from defocus (DFD) is a technique that restores scene depth based on the amount of defocus blur in the images. DFD usually captures two differently focused images, one near-focused and the other far-focused, and calculates the size of the defocus blur in these images. However, DFD using a regular circular aperture is not sensitive to depth, since the point spread function (PSF) is symmetric and only the radius changes with the depth. In recent years, the coded aperture technique, which uses a special pattern for the aperture to engineer the PSF, has been used to improve the accuracy of DFD estimation. The technique is often used to restore an all-in-focus image and estimate depth in DFD applications. Use of a coded aperture has a disadvantage in terms of image deblurring, since deblurring requires a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the captured images. The aperture attenuates incoming light in controlling the PSF and, as a result, decreases the input image SNR. In this paper, we propose a new computational imaging approach for DFD estimation using focus changes during image integration to engineer the PSF. We capture input images with a higher SNR since we can control the PSF with a wide aperture setting unlike with a coded aperture. We confirm the effectiveness of the method through experimental comparisons with conventional DFD and the coded aperture approach.     

基于信噪比估计和矢量平均的干涉仪抗噪声测向方法

针对低信噪比条件下干涉仪测向准确度低的问题,提出了一种基于信噪比估计和相位差矢量平均的自适应测向方法。本文方法通过对多次测量的相位差复数矢量求平均来提高相位差的测量精度和稳定性,从而提高测向性能。提出的自适应准则通过估计来波信噪比,可快速确定不同信噪比下矢量平均所需样本量,使处理后信号达到设定信噪比阈值,获得稳定的测向准确度。分析了信噪比阈值对本方法测向性能的影响。本文方法计算复杂性小,对测向实时性影 响小。理论分析和仿真结果表明：本方法在低信噪比条件下可以达到很高的测向准确度,对低信噪比条件下的测向性能改善明显。     

自适应水平集方法乳腺超声肿块分割应用

针对超声成像固有的噪声大、伪影斑点多、对比度低等特点, 在利用CV和LBF模型优点的基础上, 融合了动态变化制导的全局信息和局部信息, 在能量泛函演化过程中, 全局信息项和局部信息项的权重系数实时变化调整。实验结果表明, 与两种已有模型相比, 该方法能够较好地处理灰度非匀质乳腺超声图像的肿块病灶分割问题, 分割准确性和病灶边缘细节处理更好, 分割速度较快, 临床适用性更强。     

基于谐波分析的频带方差端点检测方法

语音端点检测的准确性直接影响着语音识别系统性能.在低信噪比环境下,一些在高信噪比环境下具有良好性能的检测方法无法有效工作.提出了基于谐波分析的频带方差和能量门限结合的端点检测方法.方法基于语谱图的分析,突出了语音信号和噪声信号的区别,在低信噪比环境下能准确检测出语音端点.并保障了实时性.试验证明,方法在较低信噪比环境下比频带方差检测方法的性能有较大提高,具有较好的实用性.     

Method for compression of optical observation data based on analysis of differential structure

A method for compression of high-contrast images based on analysis of their differential structures is suggested. The concept of the method, software implementation and additional factors that increase the efficiency of the method are considered. The compression method is applicable to static and dynamic (video) images obtained, in particular, by optical sensors. The principles of compression we propose allow one to create multi-threaded computing solutions at both the hardware-software and hardware levels. The degree of image compression based on differential structure analysis is comparable to the JPEG compression degree, but the image quality is higher by numerical criteria (MSE, PSNR, SNR). The method requires a relatively small number of operations for compression, which reduces the processing load, and can be successfully used at spacecrafts for obtaining and transmitting images.     

光学遥感图像信噪比评估方法研究进展

遥感图像数据的信噪比是评价遥感传感器获取数据质量的一项重要指标,图像数据的信噪比能够在很大程度上反映遥感仪器的信噪比性能。介绍了通过遥感图像分析评估传感器信噪比的常用方法,以及这些方法的优缺点。并从原理上对各种方法进行了方法间的性能对比分析,包括方法的自动化程度、运算速度、鲁棒性、适用面、准确程度和对图像计算区域的要求等。此外,提出有必要对各种算法进行在实际应用中的比较分析,从而能够针对不同遥感器和不同类型的遥感图像选择最好的评估方法,达到合理、准确地应用这些方法的目的。     

Automatic joint classification and segmentation of whole cell 3D images

We present a machine learning tool for automatic texton-based joint classification and segmentation of mitochondria in MNT-1 cells imaged using ion-abrasion scanning electron microscopy (IA-SEM). For diagnosing signatures that may be unique to cellular states such as cancer, automatic tools with minimal user intervention need to be developed for analysis and mining of high-throughput data from these large volume data sets (typically ). Challenges for such a tool in 3D electron microscopy arise due to low contrast and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) inherent to biological imaging. Our approach is based on block-wise classification of images into a trained list of regions. Given manually labeled images, our goal is to learn models that can localize novel instances of the regions in test datasets. Since datasets obtained using electron microscopes are intrinsically noisy, we improve the SNR of the data for automatic segmentation by implementing a 2D texture-preserving filter on each slice of the 3D dataset. We investigate texton-based region features in this work. Classification is performed by k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier, support vector machines (SVMs), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) and histogram matching using a NN classifier. In addition, we study the computational complexity vs. segmentation accuracy tradeoff of these classifiers. Segmentation results demonstrate that our approach using minimal training data performs close to semi-automatic methods using the variational level-set method and manual segmentation carried out by an experienced user. Using our method, which we show to have minimal user intervention and high classification accuracy, we investigate quantitative parameters such as volume of the cytoplasm occupied by mitochondria, differences between the surface area of inner and outer membranes and mean mitochondrial width which are quantities potentially relevant to distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells. To test the accuracy of our approach, these quantities are compared against manually computed counterparts. We also demonstrate extension of these methods to segment 3D images obtained using electron tomography.     

改进的基于分块法的图像噪声估计

针对含高斯白噪声图像的噪声估计问题,提出一种改进传统分块法的新型算法。该算法提出灰度级范围对部分噪声的抑制作用,并因此造成对偏亮或偏暗图像的噪声估计有严重的欠估计。所提算法从解决此问题着手,合理结合滤波法对噪声的粗略估计结果得出溢出灰度级的边界条件。改进后的分块法自适应地选取划分图像的窗口大小、筛选噪声未溢出的子块及求取标准差排序后的数学统计参数。该算法不仅适用于噪声估计中常用的经典图像,也适用于现实生活中常见的各种监控图像,且噪声估计的结果受图像细节影响很小,对具有不同尺寸、不同信噪比、亮度不均衡及含不同等级噪声等特征的图像均取得较优的估计结果。实验结果表明,该算法具有更普遍的适用性、更高的精度和更好的鲁棒性。     

采用分段主成分和PPI的高光谱影像分类

高光谱遥感影像波段多且存在混合像元,特征提取以及端元提取都是高光谱影像分类必不可少的工作,分类方法的选择也是因地适宜。以福建省泉州市德化县下属某一地区的CASI影像为实验数据,基于分段主成分(segmental principal component analysis,SPCA)和纯净像元指数法(pure pixel index,PPI),提出了最小距离(minimum distance classification,MDC)和二进制编码(binary encoding,BE)的高光谱影像分类方法。实验结果表明,MDC的总体精度为69.71%,BE的总体精度为70.88%。对单一地物精度而言2种方法各有其长,MDC对道路的分类精度更高,为98.08%;而植被、耕地和水体采用BE方法的分类精度更高,分别为94.12%、98.08%、98.11%。本文提出的方法应用于CASI高光谱影像,对该研究区的地物分类研究有一定的实用性和参考价值。     

Monitoring spatial patterns and changes of surface net radiation in urban and suburban areas using satellite remote-sensing data

The net radiation obtained by the earth’s surface drives the exchange and transmission of energy and material in earth systems. Accurately quantifying the surface net radiation (SNR) is a premise for climate change research. Satellite remote-sensing data can provide land-surface information on a regional scale, making it possible to monitor SNR spatial patterns and changes using a cost-effective methodology that is superior to traditional ground observation. Furthermore, it can address the problem that the local-scale observational data does not extend to large areas with sparsely distributed meteorological observation sites. In this article, urban and suburban areas of Beijing were selected as study areas, and the surface physical parameters were retrieved based on Landsat images. Auxiliary data were also applied to model SNR, including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images and other land-surface observational data obtained from meteorological stations. In addition, the SNR spatial patterns and their changes in urban and suburban areas and the differences in different land-surface types, different years, and different seasons were analysed. The results showed the following: (1) the fractional vegetation cover was one of the principal factors affecting the surface radiation process, and the SNR value was high where the cover value was high. Comparing the SNR in urban areas with that in suburban areas, the value was higher, and there was generally a ‘plateau’ in the spatial distribution characteristics in urban areas. (2) After analysis of the mean SNR value for different land-surface types, the highest mean SNR was for water, followed by vegetation cover, artificial surface and bare land, and the deviation of the mean SNR values of all of the land-surface types in winter was smaller compared with those in summer. (3) With urban sprawl and rapid changes of land-surface cover, there was an increasing trend in the SNR value in urban areas that was more significant in summer than that in winter. According to the SNR values in 2004 and 2014, the areas of all of the land-surface types showed a small increase of approximately 35 W m^–2 in summer and 25 W m^–2 in winter.