Synthesis of Au-catalyzed silicon nanowires by hydrogen radical-assisted deposition method

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) catalyzed by gold (Au) nanoparticles were synthesized from silane gas by the hydrogen radical-assisted deposition method. The gold particles used as catalyst were fabricated from an evaporated Au film on a glass substrate by hydrogen radical treatment and the structural properties were estimated. Subsequently, large quantities of SiNWs with various crystal diffraction phases were synthesized on this substrate. The SiNWs were whisker-like and were typically several microns long with diameters of tens of nanometers near the bottom and several nanometers at the top. Hydrogen radical treatments for fabricating catalyst particles and the subsequent deposition method for synthesizing SiNWs are proposed and discussed.     

Novel dye-sensitized solar cell architecture using TiO_2-coated Ag nanowires array as photoanode

With the aim of reducing series resistance and increasing dye loading, novel dye-sensitized solar cell architecture was designed with TiO_2 nanoparticle-coated Ag nanowires array as the photoanode. Ag nanowire array was prepared by anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) templateassisted electrochemical deposition route. Then, Ag nanowires were coated by TiO_2 nanoparticles in hydrothermal process. The structures of the photoanode were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). Ag nanowires are covered by a layer of very fine nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 5 nm. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and selected-area electron diffraction(SAED) show that Ag nanowires have a strong preferred orientation in(220) direction and the TiO_2 coating layer is a polycrystalline structure. With this photoanode, 3.2%conversion efficiency is achieved for the cell sensitized with N3 dye.     

一种中空金/银双金属纳米颗粒的制备及其SERS性能

以银纳米颗粒为牺牲模板,利用Ag和HAu Cl4之间的置换反应,结合柠檬酸钠同步还原的方法制备了一种中空金/银双金属纳米颗粒。通过对颗粒形貌及局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)的分析,初步研究了此类金/银纳米颗粒的生长机理,并对影响反应的因素进行了探讨。结果表明,通过控制反应条件可以实现对LSPR的精密调控。该类金/银双金属纳米颗粒可用作为SERS基底,苯硫酚在其表面增强因子可达107,并具有良好的信号重现性。该基底用于atto610标记的生物素与亲和素的SERS检测,检测限可达80 pg/m L。     

Electrochemical preparation of silicon nanowires from porous Ni/SiO_2 blocks in molten CaCl_2

Silicon nanowires(SiNWs)with diameter distributions ranging from 80 to 350 nm were prepared by electrochemical reduction of Ni/SiO_2 in molten CaCl_2.The effect of the content of nickel additives on the morphology of produced silicon was investigated.Large quantities of SiNWs are obtained by the electrochemical reduction of Ni/SiO_2 blocks with SiO_2 to Ni molar ratio of 20 and 10.Nickel additives repress the growth of irregular branches and promote longitudinal growth of SiNWs.Wire morphologies and surfaces are influenced by the electrolysis temperature.SiNWs become thicker with the increase of the electrolysis temperature.The optimum temperature to prepare single crystal SiNWs with high aspect ratio and extraordinary surface quality seems to be 1173 K.The amorphous layer of the silicon nanowire is thinner compared to the SiNW_s obtained from the pure SiO_2 pellets.The produced SiNWs show a photoluminescence emission peak at about 758 nm at room temperature.This work demonstrates the potentiality for the electrochemical reduction process to obtain large quantities of SiNWs with high quality.     

负载纳米CeO2的多孔银的制备、表征及SERS研究

采用NaOH溶液腐蚀Ag/CeO2/ZnO前驱体,制备出含有纳米CeO2微粒的多孔银复合材料。随着ZnO组元被溶解,CeO2微粒均匀分散到纳米多孔银的内表面。形貌表征表明,通过调节前驱体中ZnO的含量可细化纳米多孔AgCeO2复合材料的微观结构,当ZnO加入摩尔分数为70%时,CeO2微粒尺寸为6 nm。表面拉曼增强效应(SERS)测试表明,CeO2纳米微粒的形成和分散显著增强了多孔银的SERS性能;该复合材料在可见光条件下能够降解罗丹明(R6G)并有较好的自清洁性。     

Fabrication and characteristics of spindle Fe2O3@Au core/shell particles

The fabrication and characteristics of spindle Fe2O3@Au core/shell particle were investigated, and the effect of the core/shell nanoparticles as the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-active substrates was studied. By using the seed-catalyzed reduction technique, anisotropic Fe2O3@Au core/shell particles with spindle morphology were successfully prepared. The Fe2O3 particles with spindle morphology were initially prepared as original cores. The Au nanoparticles of 2 nm were attached onto the Fe2O3 particles through organosilane molecules. Uniform Au shell formed onto Fe2O3 core modified by Au nanoparticles through the in-situ reduction of HAuCl4. The shell thickness was controlled through regulating the concentration of HAuCl4 solution. The results of TEM, XRD and UV-vis characterization show that the core/shell particles with the original shape of the Fe2O3 particles are obtained and these surfaces are covered by Au shell completely. The surface enhanced Raman spectrum of the probe molecules adsorbed on these core/shell substrates is strong and the intensity is enhanced with the increase of the thickness of Au shell or the aspect ratio of particles. The spindle Fe2O3@Au core/shell particles exhibit optimum (SERS) activity.     

TiCl_4水解法制备TiO_2纳米颗粒包覆Ag纳米线阵列结构

采用水热法制备了TiO2纳米颗粒包覆Ag纳米线阵列结构。通过选区电子衍射手段确定了TiO2包覆层的晶体结构为锐钛矿。研究了TiCl4溶液浓度和温度对TiO2/Ag包覆结构形貌的影响,结果显示0.1 mol/L的TiCl4溶液能够得到连续均匀的TiO2包覆层,当TiCl4溶液浓度高于0.1mol/L时,水解产生的HCl在水热环境下会对Ag纳米线造成不同程度的腐蚀。80℃条件下能够得到较为均匀的TiO2包覆层和较高的结晶度;温度过低时,TiO2包覆层的结晶不明显,温度过高时,水解产生的HCl会对Ag纳米线产生腐蚀。     

Effect of Ag nanoparticles on the electron energy structure and electrical properties of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV)

The effects of inorganic nanoparticles on a conjugated polymer were investigated by measuring the electronic properties of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and PPV/Ag nanocomposites. Through hybridization, an enhancement in current density was achieved with PPV/Ag nanocomposites due to an increase in the electron affinity with Ag nanoparticle content. Furthermore, roughening of the surface morphology was observed with incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. This roughness induces an enhanced applied field at the thinner region of the film and an increase in the surface area with a resulting increase of electron injection, leading to current enhancement.     

水热法制备ZnS/Ag复合纳米线及其光催化性能研究

采用水热法制备了负载Ag的ZnS纳米线,通过XRD, TEM以及UV-Vis对所合成的纳米线的相结构、形貌以及光学性能进行了表征。并以甲基橙为目标降解物,评价了所制备的复合纳米线在紫外光下的光催化性能。研究结果表明,水热法制备的ZnS纳米线对甲基橙溶液的光催化活性比商业ZnS粉体更高,并且银的负载对ZnS纳米线的光催化活性有显著的提高作用。这是由于银粒子复合ZnS纳米线能促进光生电子空穴对分离,增多ZnS纳米线的反应活性点,从而提高其光催化活性     

PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维的制备及其催化、原位SERS监测性能研究

负载型贵金属纳米催化剂是提高贵金属催化剂利用率,降低经济成本的一种有效途径,也是一种新型的有潜力的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的基底材料。本文首先利用静电纺丝技术构建了还原的氧化石墨烯(rGO)增强的聚丙烯腈/聚苯胺复合纤维(PAN/PANI/rGO),然后采用原位还原的方法在其表面生长金纳米颗粒得到了PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维,通过SEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, Raman和UV-Vis光谱等手段对复合纤维进行了结构和形貌表征,最后以NaBH₄还原四硝基苯酚(4-NP)为模型,研究了复合纤维的催化性能和原位SERS检测该催化还原反应的过程,并将其与同种方法制备的PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维进行比较。结果表明,rGO增强的PAN/PANI/rGO/Au复合纤维具有优于PAN/PANI/GO/Au和PAN/PANI/Au复合纤维的催化活性、原位增强拉曼检测的能力和循环性能。     

单相纳米晶Ag_2Al颗粒的制备及表征(英文)

采用自悬浮定向流法制备单相Ag2Al金属间化合物纳米颗粒及Ag和Al纳米颗粒;利用透射电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱分析、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱等对纳米Ag2Al微晶的形貌、粒度、相组成、成分及微结构进行表征。研究表明:所制备的金属间化合物纳米粒子为球形的六边形结构,其平均粒径为33μm,样品中Ag和Al的摩尔比非常接近标准配比2:1,颗粒由单相的Ag2Al组成。对放置在空气中的Ag2Al纳米颗粒表面成分进行分析,XPS测试结果表明:在Ag2Al微晶表面形成了一层很薄的氧化物膜,可能是铝的氧化物或银铝氧化物。实验证实,通过控制气相反应的工艺条件可以制备出粒径很小的单相Ag2Al纳米晶。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/Graphene Nano- composite

采用氧化还原法制备不同银含量的银/石墨烯纳米复合材料 (银质量分数分别为0%, 30%, 46%, 56%, 63%)。并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光电子能谱仪(XPS)、高倍透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)分析银含量对银/石墨烯纳米复合材料形态和显微结构的影响。结果表明,氧化石墨和银离子被成功地还原成银/石墨烯纳米复合材料,所得石墨烯由3~4单层碳原子层堆砌缠绕而成,同时银纳米颗粒沉积在石墨烯的表面。银纳米颗粒的介入有效地阻碍了石墨烯的团聚,增大了石墨烯的比表面积。银纳米颗粒的尺寸与银含量相关,当银含量较低时,银纳米颗粒在石墨烯表面具有很好的分散性且粒度基本分布在25~50 nm之间,而当银含量超过46%时将会导致银纳米颗粒的团聚。另外, 银纳米颗粒增强了石墨烯的拉曼效应。     

热处理对Pt纳米线电催化性能的影响

采用阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板法电化学沉积制备了Pt纳米线催化剂,并进行了热处理。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学测试对热处理前后Pt纳米线催化剂的晶体结构、形貌和电催化性能进行了表征,并与商业碳载铂(Pt/C)做对比。SEM照片表明制备了表面粗糙的Pt纳米线。循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流曲线表明,Pt纳米线较Pt/C催化活性高,退火后Pt纳米线更利于甲醇氧化,且稳定性更好。旋转圆盘电极(RDE)测试研究发现,未经热处理的Pt纳米线催化剂氧还原反应(ORR)极化曲线的半波电势相对Pt/C有正移,有更大的极限扩散电流,利于氧还原反应的发生。     

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole monolayers on zinc and silver surfaces for anticorrosion

Anticorrosive behaviors of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silver and zinc electrodes were comparatively studied by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The promising inhibition effect of the MBT for silver and zinc from corrosion had been confirmed. The adsorption geometries of MBT monolayers on zinc and silver electrodes were observed by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. The SERS spectra implied that monolayers of MBT could be self-assembled on Ag surface through S¹⁰ and N³ atoms and the molecular plane should be tilted with respect to the surface. On Zn surface, MBT molecules formed monolayers via both S atoms and the other moieties of the molecule away from the surface. From the in situ electrochemical SERS results it can be found that MBT monolayers on both Ag and Zn surfaces experienced the changes of adsorption fashions as the potential shifting to more negative direction.     

Ag/SiO2核-壳结构球的制备与光学性质

采用St(o)ber方法,以AgNO3与柠檬盐钠还原反应所制备出的Ag纳米颗粒为种子,合成了Ag/SiO2核-壳结构的亚微米球.用透射电镜(TEM)观测所得产物的形貌和大小,并用光吸收谱仪测试了Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振(SPR)引起的光吸收峰.     

Easy and Large Scale Synthesis Silver Nanodendrites: Highly Effective Filler for Isotropic Conductive Adhesives

Dendritic silver (Ag) nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by an easy and large scale liquid-phase reduction method. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) have shown that the Ag particles prepared by this method are pure and with uniform dendritic morphology. The bulk resistivity and bonding strength of isotropic conductive adhesives (ICAs) filled with Ag nanodendrite and micrometer-sized Ag have been measured. The results show that the dendritic morphology of Ag nanoparticles has a strong effect for improving the reinforcement of the composite electrical performance. ICA filled with small amounts of Ag nanodendrites exhibits lower bulk resistivity and higher bonding strength than ICA filled with micrometer-sized Ag. When ICA is filled with 50 wt.% micrometer-sized Ag and 10 wt.% Ag nanodendrites, the bulk resistivity is 1.3 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm, and the bonding strength reaches 18.9 MPa.     

Preparation of pyramid-SiNWs binary structure with Ag nanoparticles-assisted chemical etching

It is an important way to improve the efficiency of solar cells by using the special microstructures of surface. In this work, a pyramid-silicon nanowires(pyramidSiNWs) binary structure was prepared on the silicon surfaces with the metal-assisted chemical etching(MACE)method. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to observe the micromorphology of the pyramid-SiNWs binary structure. The formation mechanism of the binary structure was discussed. The role of Ag nanoparticles in MACE is considered to be the template and the catalyzer.The optical reflectivity of the silicon surfaces was studied with ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectrophotometer.Compared with the flat silicon surface and the simple pyramidal structure, the silicon surfaces with the pyramidSiNWs binary structure achieve a much lower reflectance in a wide range of wavelength. The effect of etching time as a parameter on the reflectivity was also discussed.     

Zn-catalytic growth and photoluminescence properties of branched MgO nanostructures

Mass production of uniform MgO nanostructures has been achieved by a thermal evaporation method. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analyses show the product is composed of pure single-crystalline MgO. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission elecwon microscopy （TEM） characterizations show that the MgO branched nanostructures consist of many sfim nanowires growing from the thick MgO rods. The as-synthesized nanowires have a length of several tens of microns and a diameter of several tens of nanometers. The preferred growth direction of the nanowires is [001]. Many nanowires are found to have a dendritic structure and temperature grade is thought to be the main cause of the growth of this structure. Zn nanoparticles scattered on the surface of the MgO rods are thought to be the catalyst of the VLS （vapor-liquid-solid） growth of the MgO nanowires. Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements show that the synthesized MgO nanostructures have a strong emission band at 401 nm and a weak emission band at 502 nm.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ag@polycarbazole coaxial nanocables and their enhanced dispersion behavior

Ag@polycarbazole coaxial nanocables (CNCs) have been successfully fabricated by the oxidative polymerization of carbazole over Ag nanowires (NWs) in acetonitrile. The morphology of Ag NWs and CNCs was studied by employing a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which showed them to be a monodisperse material. The thickness of the polymer sheath was found to be 5 nm to 8 nm by observation under a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), FT-IR and Raman measurements were used to characterize the polymer sheath, which demonstrated it to be a carbon material in polycarbazole form. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for an interfacial study, which revealed that Ag surface atoms remained intact during polymer growth. In the end, zeta potential showed that the dispersion stability of Ag NWs increased due to polymer encapsulation, which is significant to obtain a particular alignment for anisotropic measurement of electrical conductivity.     

银纳米线的改进溶剂热法合成与表征

采用溶剂热法和晶种法相结合的改进方法,以硝酸银为银源,乙二醇为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定剂和分散剂,制备银纳米颗粒晶种,进而在溶剂热环境中合成了高均匀性的银纳米线。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、和紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)对产物的尺寸形貌、晶体结构以及光学性能进行了表征。结果表明,利用改进的溶剂热法制备的银纳米线具有较高的长径比,尺寸分布均匀,分散性良好,具有优异的等离激元共振吸收特性。