规范皮化材料的检测内容和完善检测方法研究

本文围绕皮化材料的品质做检测-评价,在本行业已有的检测方法/标准的基础上,从材料的化学结构出发,经大量生产实践,再经试验、探索、验证,对常规皮化材料产品检测的方法、项目或内容,进行深化和完善,乃至重新建立检测项目.否则,检测内容的不完备不利于制革生产与皮化材料和谐健康的发展,影响行业的科技进步.     

皮革霉变真菌的分离鉴定及拮抗菌的筛选

从成都地区自然霉变的皮革制品中分离、纯化到6株霉菌,通过形态学观察及生理生化特征初步鉴定为白曲霉、拟青霉、黄绿青霉、黄曲霉、产黄青霉和黑曲霉。从西藏地区不同地点采集的土样中筛选拮抗菌,结果显示:地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对白曲霉、拟青霉和黑曲霉有较好的拮抗作用。     

常见皮鞋制作原料与材质鉴定技术

从材质鉴定的角度出发,介绍了市场上可用于皮鞋制作的各类原材料,描述了当前皮鞋市场存在的主要"假冒伪劣"现象,并针对各种不法现象的特殊性,分析了皮鞋材质常用鉴定方法的优缺点及各自存在的问题。最后,预测出一种通用的、对未知材质的皮鞋样品进行鉴定的方法与程序。     

环保人造皮革及其制造方法

众所周知,环保是社会各业行业发展的第一生命线,其中皮革行业尤为突出。就目前发展情况来看,环保理念已经得到各个皮革产业的广泛普及,并且对其健康发展起到了至关重要的作用。而作为全球最重要的皮革生产王国之一的中国,在世界环保潮流的影响下,国内生产的皮革已由传统型人造皮革逐渐转变为环保型人造皮革,旨在皮革制品朝向生态化、智能化和绿色化的发展方向迈进,进而促进国内的环境管理水平的大幅度提升。接下来将会着重分析制革环保的重要价值以及环保人造皮革的制造方法。     

用于汽车内部的环保型人造皮革及其制造方法

在皮革行业稳定发展的大环境下,国内消费群体对人造皮革的依赖程度迅速增加的同时,其对人造皮革的制造工艺也提出了更深层次的要求。随着社会的不断发展和国内皮革市场的迅速崛起,环保似乎已经成为新时代下皮革市场的行业关键词。自《环境保护法》颁布以来,皮革行业正发生着翻天覆地的变化,其中部分高污染、低效能的皮革企业正面临着即将被淘汰的危机。而绿色环保生产理念是如今皮革企业的新代名词,旨在实现皮革行业生态化、规范化和绿色化的战略发展目标,从而大力推动国内皮革行业长期稳定地发展。     

Quantification of patulin in fruit leathers by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (UPLC-PDA)

Patulin is a mycotoxin commonly found in certain fruit and fruit products. For this reason many countries have established regulatory limits pertaining to, in particular, apple juice and apple products. Fruit leathers are produced by dehydrating fruit puree, leaving a sweet product that has a leathery texture. A recent report in the literature described the detection of patulin at substantial levels in fruit leathers. To investigate this further, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) method was developed for the sensitive detection of patulin in fruit leathers. Investigations were also made of the suitability of direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) for detection of patulin from the surface of fruit leathers. Results indicated DART-MS was insufficiently sensitive for quantification from the surface of home-style apple leathers, although patulin spiked onto the surface of leather or peel could be detected. The UPLC-PDA method was used to determine the fate of patulin during the preparation of home-made fruit leathers. Interestingly, when a home-style process was used, the patulin was not destroyed, but rather increased in concentration as the puree was dehydrated. The UPLC-PDA method was also used to screen for patulin in commercial fruit leathers. Of the 36 products tested, 14 were above the limit of detection (3.5 μg kg^–1) and nine were above the limit of quantification (12 μg kg^–1). Positive samples were confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS. Only one sample was found above the US regulatory limit for single-strength apple juice products (50 μg kg^–1). These results suggest patulin can be concentrated during preparation and can be found in fruit leathers. The limited survey suggests that patulin is fairly prevalent in such commercial products, but that the levels are usually low.     

利用生化方法鉴定灵芝原生质体融合子的研究

以美大灵芝和信州灵芝为出发菌株,采用化学融合法将两种灵芝原生质体进行融合,利用生化方法进行检测。结果表明:融合子胞外多糖含量与美大和信芝两亲本相比分别增加了332.80%和22.86%,胞内三萜含量与美大和信芝相比分别增加了36.21%和113.16%,胞外三萜含量与美大和信芝相比分别增加了23.17%和46.31%;采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验对融合子及亲本DNA进行检测,融合子DNA移动速度比亲本慢,说明融合子分子量大于两亲本,两亲本遗传物质发生重组。     

苯甲醇对超细纤维PU服用革染色性能影响的研究

研究了苯甲醇对超细纤维PU服用革的染色性能的影响和它的用量对染色结果的影响。试验结果证明，苯甲醇可以在较低的染色温度下，取得令人满意的染色效果。     

汽车座椅用人造革柔韧性评价方法的研究

介绍了几种汽车座椅皮革材料的生产方法及性能特点.比较分析了汽车行业对人造革柔韧性的几种客观测试方法,并采用主观评价(评价员感知)及客观测试(压入刚度、45°斜坡、环形柔韧性)的方法对主流车型所用到的14款人造革进行了柔韧性对比测评研究.结果发现:针对细纹理材料,压入刚度、环形柔韧性测试结果与评价员主观评价结果有较好的正...     

毒蘑菇鉴别技术研究进展

大型真菌是地球上宝贵的生物资源,尤其是食药用价值丰富、生态功能显著的种类。毒蘑菇既是大型真菌资源的重要组成部分,也是限制野生经济真菌开发利用的关键阻碍。因此,无论是真菌分类的科学研究还是毒蘑菇中毒防治的公众科普教育,系统开展毒蘑菇鉴别技术研究和成分安全性检测都尤为重要。本文从毒蘑菇鉴别方法、毒蘑菇中毒类型及常见种类、蘑菇毒素与中毒机制、毒素检测技术等方面对国内外近几十年,有关毒蘑菇鉴别技术的研究现状、最新成果和发展趋势进行了综述,并基于互联网大数据、智能图像识别和化学反应融合发展等,对未来毒蘑菇快速检测试剂盒的研发及应用进行了展望,旨为毒蘑菇识别与中毒防治科学研究及科普教育提供系统性理论依据和参考。