学生公寓热环境实测研究

学生公寓是校园中数量较多的一类既有建筑.调查发现学生普遍反映夏季公寓的居住环境恶劣,严重影响睡眠质量和学习效率.选择成都某高校竣工年代较短的次新学生公寓的各代表楼层房间,连续监测了室内气温和内表面温度等与居住者舒适感受密切相关的热环境参数,分析了在不同气候及气候交替过程中学生公寓内的热环境状况,指出了导致学生公寓居住热环境恶劣的原因在于围护结构(墙窗屋顶)的热工性能较差和通风措施缺失,并提出了改善措施.     

University of Denver infrared spectral atlases

Atmospheric and laboratory atlases of high-resolution infrared absorption spectra have been generated from data obtained with the University of Denver Michelson-type interferometer balloon-borne spectrometer systems. The main objectives of the atlas work have been the identification and the detailed analysis of stratospheric infrared high-resolution spectral features. The stratospheric atlases cover many spectral intervals and provide tables of line positions and species identifications. High Sun spectra are used for identification of solar lines. Latest editions of these atlases include selected sections in the 760-1950- and 800-1700-cm(-1) regions at 0.02- and 0.002-cm(-1) resolutions, respectively. In addition to the stratospheric atlases, ground-based and laboratory spectral atlases have also been produced. The laboratory spectra of many molecules relevant to stratospheric chemistry have been obtained. A number of ongoing spectroscopic studies have been developed on the basis of the atlas work, including studies of solar and atmospheric spectral features.     

Creating a Truly Multidisciplinary Entrepreneurial Educational Environment*

In our age of technological growth and change, the role of the engineer has evolved from lone specialist to team player, from internally focused to globally aware, from reactionary to entrepreneur. The entrepreneur has created much of our social wealth. The characteristics of the entrepreneur transcend academic disciplines, and social as well as economic status. To foster these characteristics among its students, Lehigh University is developing a multidisciplinary educational environment where entrepreneurial spirit can flourish. Lehigh's academic programs in Integrated Product Development (IPD), Integrated Business and Engineering (IBE), and Integrated Design Arts (IDA) integrate across Engineering, Business and Design Arts through sponsored projects and entrepreneurial teams, or E‐Teams, consisting of students, faculty advisors, staff support and company mentors. Project sponsors include the full range from student entrepreneurs and other start‐up companies, to established small, medium and large corporations. The multi‐level approach to curricular integration includes pre‐college outreach, freshman projects, curricula support, capstone projects and graduate projects. The educational environment includes a Campus Center; an entire building designed to support students project teams. This paper will discuss the design and implementation of these programs, our assessment and evaluation methods, lessons learned and future plans for improving this environment.     

Some Ideas on the Teaching of Engineering Science: A Student Centered Approach

In an effort to enhance learning in the engineering science classroom, several instructional techniques, including mind-or concept mapping, a variation of the one minute paper termed a “discovery sheet,” and the inclusion of discussion of the nature of scientific paradigm shifts, which have been used successfully are described. A cast study is also included.     

Interdisciplinary Collaborative Learning in Mechatronics at Bucknell University

Examination of the “cone of learning” shows an increase in retention when students are actively engaged in the learning process. Mechatronics is loosely defined as the application of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer intelligence to the design of products or systems. By its nature, mechatronics is an activity‐oriented course. The course content also provides an opportunity to employ interdisciplinary collaborative learning with active learning techniques. The mechatronics course at Bucknell consists of mechanical and electrical engineering students at the senior and graduate levels. The students engage in a variety of activities in teams comprised of members from each of these groups. In addition to team laboratory exercises and homework assignments, the students work in interdisciplinary groups to process their efforts. That is, they engage in meaningful discussion among themselves concerning their activities and the implications of the various results. The students also act as teachers by preparing lectures and exercises on topics from their discipline to the students in the cross discipline. Specifically, the electrical engineers teach the mechanical engineers microcontrollers, and the mechanical engineers teach the electrical engineers mechanisms. This paper describes the learning techniques employed in this course, as well as the interpretation of the results from the students. It also discusses the relationship of the course outcomes to Criterion 3 of the engineering accreditation criteria promulgated by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (EAC/ABET).     

Reflective Analysis of Student Learning in a Sophomore Engineering Course

Student learning in a specific sophomore engineering course was analyzed using a variety of learning theory explanations. Bimodal grade distributions were observed in most of the examinations. The following theories were applied to these results: knowledge structure, Piaget's concrete and formal operational stages, Myers-Briggs intuitive versus sensing, Perry's model of college student development, and deep versus shallow approaches to learning. The deep versus shallow approach to learning theory appears to best explain the results. Problem solving approaches are reviewed in light of the results obtained. Suggestions for improving the course are made, and compared to the results obtained when the course was re-taught. This analysis serves as both an example of application of learning theories and as a review of these theories.     

Developing Criteria for an On‐Line Learning Environment: From the Student and Faculty Perspectives*

The research literature abounds with articles about distance learning from the perspectives of students, faculty, and administrators. Most of these articles discuss the details of transitioning to on‐line learning environments. Research is beginning to pay attention to quality issues in distance learning. This article discusses a three‐phase developmental study conducted in a graduate school. Students were asked to brainstorm and develop a set of quality indicators. These indicators were ranked by a second group of students. Then the indicators were given to a group of faculty for another ranking. In this study it was shown that there was a very great agreement on the relative importance of the various potential indicators of quality in courses delivered via an on‐line medium.     

论高校辅导员在学习型班级建设中的主要作用

步入21世纪，中国各高校相继朝着建设学习型学校的方向进行教育管理改革。对于一所高等学校来说，班级是其基本的单元组织。学习型学校建设的起步首先应该着眼于学习型班级的建立。换言之，学习型学校能否建立成型，很大程度上取决于学习型班级能否建立完善。在这个过程中，作为教育管理实施主体的辅导员，及时进行角色再定位，充当一名学习型班级建设的组织者和参与者，对学习型学校的建设起着重要的作用。     

Student-based Assessment in a Multi-disciplinary Problem-based Learning Environment

Engineering education in Australia must respond to a changing environment so that the nation continues to produce engineering graduates able to contribute towards the development of society in the face of local, national and international pressures. To address these changes, engineering schools are introducing teaching initiatives aimed at developing a range of skills including people, problem-solving and self-directed learning skills. Many of these programs encourage student learning through active participation with the subject matter; however, they also place a considerable burden upon staff because of the assessment load required to ensure that students attain the required competencies. Student-based assessment strategies are often proposed as techniques for enhancing student learning by transferring the ownership and some of the responsibility for the assessment process to the student body. This paper examines the literature relating to student-based assessment and presents some assessment strategies suitable for a problem-based learning course in embedded systems design.     

How Genre Choices Effect Learning in a Digital Environment

A growing body of research supports the claim that media choices make little difference in a student's ability to learn material. This paper defines the term, “genre,” relative to instructional materials and presents quantitative studies, conducted between 1994 and 2000 that indicate genre choices may impact learning. Media choices matter to the extent they permit or preclude appropriate genres. To effectively design digital instructional material, we submit that educators should begin by identify the critical genres and select appropriate media to deliver them.     

Supporting Mechanical Reasoning with a Representationally‐Rich Learning Environment

A learning environment to support mechanical reasoning and understanding of simple machines for middle school and high school students is presented, along with results of an evaluation of its effectiveness in student learning. Based on recommendations from literature on instructional frameworks and cognitive aspects of mechanical reasoning, SIMALE (the Simple Machines Learning Environment) was designed to support reflection, collaboration, and presentation of concepts from multiple perspectives. SIMALE was implemented with a diverse population of middle and high school students with three treatment variations: (1) environment with focus on Lego exercises to engage in hands‐on physical activities, (2) environment with focus on a Web‐based computer module, and (3) environment with both the computer module and Lego exercises. Analyses of results show significant increases in post‐test performance for all treatment variations within SIMALE. The results also revealed unexpected dramatic results in equalizing post‐test scores along ethnic and gender dimensions, in spite of large population differences in pre‐test scores.     

Student Perceptions of Internet-Based Learning Tools in Environmental Engineering Education

The Internet provides an excellent framework for learning, communication, information exchange, and collaboration in engineering education. This existing electronic infrastructure was integrated into an undergraduate environmental engineering course in atmospheric physics and chemistry to foster discussion of course topics, peer evaluation, and collaborative learning. Four major Internet-based learning tools were utilized to accomplish these objectives: 1) electronic copies of partial notes allowed students to remain engaged during class, 2) an electronic bulletin board enabled interactive discussion and peer evaluation of work, 3) multimedia assignments required students to retrieve information and direct their learning, 4) publicly accessible and peer-reviewed Internet-based term project reports provided motivation for quality and creative work. Student response to these new approaches was overwhelmingly positive, although preferences vary with learning style. While students assess many Internet-based learning approaches as useful, conventional educational approaches are still viewed as important components to successful learning.     

Creating a diffusion chamber with a time-periodic temperature condition at the wall and supersaturation uniform over the whole volume

A simple heat-transfer arrangement enabling the thermal conditions at the walls of a diffusion chamber to be made periodic in time is described and examined analytically. Extensive practical uses for the heat-transfer scheme in question are foreseen.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 983–990, December, 1970.     

Comparison of Student Learning in Physical and Simulated Unit Operations Experiments

Industries are tending toward computer‐based simulation, monitoring, and control of processes. This trend suggests an opportunity to modernize engineering laboratory pedagogy to include computer experiments as well as tactile experiments. However, few studies report the impact of simulations upon student learning in engineering laboratories. We evaluated the impact of computer‐simulated experiments upon student learning in a senior unit operations laboratory. We compared data on control and test groups from three sources: 1) a comprehensive exam over the course; 2) a questionnaire answered by students regarding how well the areas of ABET Engineering Criterion 3 (a‐k) were met; and 3) oral presentations given by the students. Our results indicate that student learning is not adversely affected by introducing computer‐based experiments. We therefore conclude that, while the tactile laboratory should remain in the engineering curriculum, the pedagogy can reflect the increasing use of information technology in the manufacturing industries without compromising student learning.     

高校大学生党员质量评价指标体系建设的研究

目前,高校并没有建设统一完善的大学生党员质量评价指标体系,需要建立一套标准的考核标准和科学的评价体系来为高校党建工作服务。通过明确评价对象、确定评价主体、设置完善的各项评价指标、量化评价指标体系权重、完善评价指标体系、规范评价程序等方面入手,加强评价指标体系在实践应用中的检验和信息反馈,不断完善大学生党员质量评价指标体系平台建设,从而更好地为高校党建工作提供科学、合理、有价值的信息。     

Better Learning Through Curricular Design at a Reduced Cost

At Queensland University of Technology the teaching of engineering science to first year students has undergone a substantial modification in the past three years. The best aspects of on-cam-pus and distance education have been combined to produce a student-centered program, comprising comprehensive print resources, peer assisted study sessions, tutorials, computer-based exercises, a design-and-build project, and brief context-setting lectures. The paper describes the development and operation of these components of the program and how the change from formal content-driven lecturing has brought about a significant improvement in students' performance in the course. Importantly, the changes have also enabled a reduction in the cost of the course.     

Suitability of Searching and Representing Multimedia Learning Resources in a 3-D Virtual Gaming Environment

Search engines usually publish search results on web pages that are filled with a certain number of matched records that can be further navigated through successive back and forth operations. While this approach proves to be useful, it fails to show the context and relationship among displayed results. We argue that new and intuitive user interfaces, such as 3-D virtual environment interfaces, may provide an alternative to the traditional presentation techniques, particularly in a learning environment where learners are looking for multimedia learning resources that match their interests. We propose a 3-D car gaming environment such as a search metaphor and analyze the suitability of such an approach in terms of user perception, interaction, visual quality, graphics-rendering performance, and other parameters. Our experiment suggests that the proposed approach not only shows an intuitive way of information visualization but also integrates education and entertainment to serve the vision of Edutainment.      

工商管理信息工程是一门学科和高校的一个专业

描述了工商管理信息工程的两个方面。作为一门学科、它实质上是计算机科学在企业管理中的应用，其研究领域是企业管理信息系统的应用和开发。作为大学的一门专业，以曼海姆大学为例，列举了工商管理信息工程的教学内容和教学计划．