共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
针对高压、超高压直流塑料电缆中存在的空间电荷效应,大多数直流电力电缆常采用改性方法提高其介电性能,如空间电荷特性、体积电阻率和击穿强度等。常用的改性方法主要有添加剂、共混、接枝和二元共聚4种。共混技术较广泛用以改性聚乙烯电缆,提高其介电性能。因此用电声脉冲法(PEA)测量了MPE与LDPE共混试样中的空间电荷分布;用高阻计测量了共混物的体积电阻率,用阶梯电压测量了共混物的交流击穿场强。试验结果表明,1%MPE与LDPE共混能有效降低空间电荷效应,提高交流击穿场强7.9%,略降低体积电阻率。最后讨论了共混物的物质结构、电荷陷阱及介电性能间的关系。 相似文献
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纳米ZnO/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的介电特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
聚合物纳米复合材料因其优良的介电、机械等性能在电介质领域得到广泛的应用。纳米粒子改性聚乙烯基绝缘材料具有很好的研究价值及工程意义。该文主要研究了表面经分散剂处理的纳米ZnO粒子添加剂与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混物的介电特性。结果表明5%含量的纳米ZnO添加剂能有效提高聚乙烯基复合材料的体积电阻率和交流击穿强度。同时纳米添加剂虽增加了体内的残余电荷,但能有效抑制电极同极性电荷的注入。另外由于聚合物纳米复合材料的界面特异性,使得介电常数随着纳米ZnO含量的增加呈先减小后增大趋势,而损耗值却线性增加。纳米ZnO/聚乙烯复合材料介电性能提高归因于纳米粒子与聚乙烯分子间类同于深陷阱的界面效应。 相似文献
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Takada T. Hayase Y. Tanaka Y. 《Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on》2008,15(1):152-160
Space charge accumulation in low-density polyethylene film containing a small amount of MgO nanoparticles (LDPE/MgO nanocomposite film) subjected to an electric field greater than 100 kV/mm has been studied using an improved pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) system. No marked space charge accumulation was observed in LDPE/MgO nanocomposite films. To determine the mechanism of no space charge accumulation in the LDPE/MgO nanocomposite film, we compared electric potential wells produced by a permanent dipole moment such as that of carbonyl groups (C=0) and an induced dipole consisting of MgO nanoparticles (spherical dielectrics) under a high electric field to create a trapping site for electric charge carriers. The trapping depth created by the permanent dipole moment such as that of the carbonyl groups (C=0) of chemical defects is approximately 0.45 eV. However, the potential well induced by high-permittivity dielectric nanoparticles (MgO) is about 1.5 to 5.0 eV, which is much deeper than that induced by chemical defects. The suppression of space charge formation is explained using the potential well model consisting of a dipole induced by a high-permittivity dielectric nanoparticle. We explained the suppression mechanism of charge accumulation in the LDPE/MgO film that contains deep traps. 相似文献
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MgO/LDPE纳米复合材料制备及其空间电荷特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了降低低密度聚乙烯中的空间电荷积累,在自制纳米MgO粉体的基础上,采用熔融共混法,制备了氧化镁/低密度聚乙烯(MgO/LDPE)纳米复合材料,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了MgO/LDPE纳米复合材料中的MgO粒径大小和分散情况,采用差热扫描量热法(DSC)确定了不同MgO质量分数纳米复合材料的结晶度,采用电声脉冲法(PEA)测量了不同MgO质量分数纳米复合材料的空间电荷分布,测量了不同MgO质量分数纳米复合材料的拉伸性能。试验结果表明,MgO/LDPE纳米复合材料体系中,MgO粒径约为50nm,且分散均匀;不同MgO质量分数纳米复合材料的弹性模量和抗张强度均高于纯LDPE的,且MgO质量分数为2%时达到最大值;不同MgO质量分数纳米复合材料的结晶度均高于纯LDPE的;纳米MgO能抑制空间电荷的注入和其在材料体内的迁移,质量分数为3%时,MgO/LDPE纳米复合材料中的空间电荷得到了良好的抑制。 相似文献
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应用经硅烷偶联处理后的纳米氧化镁(MgO)粉末与低密度聚乙烯(low density polyethylene,LDPE)共混,制得MgO/LDPE复合介质。高成分衬度扫描电镜(scanningelectron microscope,SEM)中图像表明,粒径为100 nm左右的MgO纳米粒子均匀的分散于介质中。通过电声脉冲法(pulsed electro-acoustic,PEA)测试发现,当纳米MgO填料的质量分数为4%时,可以有效抑制空间电荷的注入,伏安特性的实验结果表明,复合介质拥有更高的空间电荷注入阈值场强。通过电树枝实验,发现复合介质可以抑制电树枝的引发和生长。最后,对实验结果进行了分析,探讨了纳米复合介质抑制空间电荷和树枝化生长的机制。纳米颗粒与基体材料界面电荷行为可能是复合介质电学性能改善的原因。 相似文献
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空间电荷对低密度聚乙烯电气击穿特性的影响 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
为解决聚乙烯用作电线电缆绝缘材料时所受空间电荷问题的困扰,采用在低密度聚乙烯(low density po-lyethylene,LDPE)试品上施加直流预电压使其中积聚一定量的空间电荷,然后测量试品击穿强度的方法,研究了空间电荷对LDPE击穿特性的影响。结果表明,与未经过预电压处理的LDPE的击穿强度相比,在经过较低场强(50 kV/mm)预电压处理后,预电压与击穿电压极性相同时击穿强度提高了约9%,极性相异时击穿强度降低约14%;而经过较高场强(150 kV/mm)预电压处理后,预电压时LDPE中出现空间电荷包现象,预电压后同极性击穿强度提高约19%,而异极性击穿强度反而上升约16%。分析认为空间电荷包在LDPE中的运动导致了部分空间电荷的中和,使得空间电荷积聚量减少,同时LDPE中可能的缺陷得到了一定程度的老炼而使介质得到了均匀化,从而使LDPE的击穿强度得到了提高。 相似文献
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Shaoqing Chen Zongren Peng Xia Wang Xia Cheng 《IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering》2011,6(1):7-13
In this paper, space charge distributions as well as dielectric properties, such as volume resistivity and AC breakdown strength, were studied in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and its composite obtained by adding nano‐ZnO nanofiller, before and after photo‐oxidation or corona aging for several days. It was found that a small amount of ZnO nanoparticles could effectively improve both the photostabilization and corona stabilization of the LDPE matrix. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the specimens were investigated to reveal the change of the microstructures. The results showed that a weaker carbonyl absorption peak appeared in LDPE/ZnO nanocomposite than in LDPE. A proper explanation is given according to the photodegradation and corona degradation theory of polyethylene. The results also showed that there was a certain similarity between photo aging and corona aging. IEEJ Trans 2010 DOI: 10.1002/tee.20600 相似文献
10.
聚合物纳米复合介质的击穿强度与纳米填充颗粒的质量分数、粒径和表面处理密切相关。以不同表面处理的纳米SiO2颗粒为填料,制备了不同填充质量分数、粒径的纳米SiO2/低密度聚乙烯(low density polyethylene,LDPE)复合介质,测试了其在交流、直流正极性和直流负极性3种不同类型电场下的击穿场强。结果表明:在所研究范围内,填充纳米SiO2颗粒可以提高低密度聚乙烯的击穿场强,并且随着填充质量分数的增加,复合介质的击穿场强有升高的趋势。纳米颗粒填充质量分数相同时,在12~16 nm粒径下,复合介质的击穿场强有随纳米SiO2粒径的升高而降低的趋势;在7 nm小粒径下,可能由于纳米颗粒容易团聚,导致击穿场强较粒径大时要低。另外,纳米SiO2颗粒表面经疏水性处理后,能够有效提高复合介质的击穿场强。 相似文献
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Wang X. He H.Q. Tu D.M. Lei C. Du Q.G. 《Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on》2008,15(2):319-326
Dielectric properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blended with metallocene catalyzed polyethylene (MPE) to 1, 3, 5 wt% of the latter are reported. It was found that the 1 wt% MPE blend had the lowest volume resistivity, the highest direct current (DC) breakdown strength and the least accumulated space charge. The crystalline morphology of the blends was studied through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle light scattering (SALS) measurements. It was found that blending increased the percentage crystallinity, decreased the spherulite size and caused the formation of imperfect spherulites, i.e. spherulites containing defects and impurities in their crystalline phases, and thus fewer impurities and defects on their boundaries. The improvement in dielectric properties of the blends, especially the 1 wt% MPE blend, is attributed to the increase in crystallinity and the formation of imperfect spherulites. 相似文献
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Nakagawa T. Nakiri T. Hosoya R. Tajitsu Y. 《Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on》2004,40(4):1020-1024
We measured the basic electrical insulation characteristic of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA), and the following results were obtained. The volume resistivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss tangent measured at room temperature were almost the same as those of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) currently used as insulating material for cables and electric wires. The mean impulse breakdown strength of PLA was about 1.3 times that of XLPE. Also, space charge accumulation in PLA and XLPE was measured. The amount of space charge accumulation in PLA was one-half that in XLPE when a DC voltage was applied for a short time. 相似文献
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Don‐Chan Cho Ryousuke Ishii Keiichiro Shizu Hitoshi Semi Tatsuo Mori Teruyoshi Mizutani Mitsugu Ishioka 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2002,139(4):17-25
We investigated the high‐field conduction, DC and impulse breakdown strength, space charge distribution, and tree inception voltage for three kinds of new low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) prepared using a metallocene catalyst (mLna, mLao, mLldao), linear LDPE prepared using a Ziegler catalyst (LLao), and LDPE prepared by a high‐pressure process (LDna). The dc and impulse breakdown strengths of LDPEs prepared using a metallocene catalyst were higher than those of LLao and LDna. The high‐field currents of LDPEs prepared using a metallocene catalyst were lower than those of LLao and LDna. A homo‐space charge was accumulated near the cathode in mLna. The tree inception voltage of mLna was higher than that of LDna. From these results, it is concluded that LDPE prepared using a metallocene catalyst has electrical insulating properties superior to the conventional LDPE and that the former has potential as a power cable insulator. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 17–25, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.1164 相似文献
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Yoshinobu Murakami Shinichi Mitsumoto Masumi Fukuma Naohiro Hozumi Masayuki Nagao 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2002,138(3):19-25
This paper deals with the influence of interface between polyethylene and semiconducting electrode on the space charge formation and electrical breakdown. Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films attached with different semiconducting electrodes were subjected to the DC breakdown test, and corresponding space charge distribution was measured. A heat treatment to LDPE itself did not bring about a significant change in space charge profile; however, when a semiconducting electrode was hot‐pressed, the impurities would migrate into LDPE at high temperature, leading to the change in space charge profile. Furthermore, it was suggested from the comparison between the results with degassed and as‐received semiconducting electrodes that some carriers relating to impurities in the electrode would move into LDPE under the voltage. In addition, it was shown that the breakdown is not determined by the field at the cathode which can supply sufficient electrons, but by the maximum field across the specimen, suggesting that an increase in conduction current due to the generation and/or injection, rather than the electronic avalanche process, leads to the breakdown. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(3): 19–25, 2002 相似文献
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In the present paper, the effect of the addition of fine particles 1%wt BaTiO3 to plain low-density polyethylene (LDPE) on the short-term dc breakdown strength of LDPE is investigated. The Weibull plots are used to analyze the breakdown test results. This indicates that the addition of BaTiO3 to LDPE has reduced the short-term dc breakdown strength of the doped material by ~16% and increased the dispersion of the breakdown data. The results also indicate that the Weibull exponent b has been reduced significantly for the doped material. Earlier measurements on the effects of the incorporation of BaTiO3 in LDPE on dc current transients and space charge formation in LDPE are presented and correlated with the present results. Results from a variety of measurements using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy are used in order to establish the effects of the incorporation of the additive in the polymer on its structure and morphology. The multiple role of BaTiO3 additive in modifying the dc breakdown strength of LDPE is discussed in general terms of the existing breakdown theories in solid dielectrics. The combined effects of the additive on the different factors which influence the breakdown process in solids such as charge carrier mobility, charge carrier injection at the electrodes, space charge formation, polymer structure and morphology is explained and discussed. The present work introduces some novel elements in explaining breakdown processes in polymeric solid dielectrics by using an additive of known effects to provide an insight into the breakdown in LDPE. Moreover, an attempt is made to integrate results from different measurements using a multitude of techniques to yield a meaningful picture of the breakdown mechanism of LDPE 相似文献
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与交流电场不同,在直流电场下,除介质中的空间电荷效应增强之外,电场强度在串联介质中的分配主要由体积电阻率的比值决定.电力电容器常用的液体介质、固体介质由于其相对电容率和体积电阻率存在明显的区别,这给它们复合后在直流电场和交流50 Hz电场的使用上不可避免地带来影响.通过对电容器用液体介质、固体介质以及由他们组成的复合介... 相似文献
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Chao Zhang Mori T. Mizutani T. Ishioka M. 《Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on》2003,10(3):435-443
Extruded films prepared from blends of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and random copolymer of ethylene and propylene (EP) with the T-die method were studied with respect to electrical properties and morphology. Comparisons with data on blown films are made. These blends are of interest as improved LDPE for making XLPE for insulated power cable. In the high temperature region (90/spl deg/C), a specimen with a slightly higher EP content had higher impulse breakdown strength than that with a lower EP content, but no improvement of DC breakdown strength by blending could be found. The improvement of impulse breakdown strength (90/spl deg/C) is explained in terms of morphological changes by blending such as the orientation of chains in a film and the size of spherulites on the assumption of the thermal breakdown. In comparison, a T-die film had higher impulse breakdown strength than that of a blown film for the same composition. The impulse breakdown strength also increased with the use of the higher density LDPE. In the current versus electric field characteristics at 30/spl deg/C, the blend polymer with EP content of 5-10% showed a transition from LDPE behavior at low field region to EP behavior at high field region. However, no appreciable difference in current behavior among the specimens was observed at 90/spl deg/C, which suggests an incompatibility between the two materials that exists at 30/spl deg/C but not at 90/spl deg/C. 相似文献
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Matsui K. Tanaka Y. Takada T. Fukao T. Fukunaga K. Maeno T. Alison J.M. 《Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on》2005,12(3):406-415
It has been known that the electrical breakdown of insulating materials is strongly affected by the formation of space charge in the bulk of the materials. Many researchers have attempted to study the relationship between the space charge and the breakdown; however, it has not been clarified yet. Although the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method has been widely used to observe space charge profiles, previous works have not shown clear evidence of the influence of the space charge on the breakdown. Therefore, we have developed a new PEA system with an interval of 0.5 ms to observe the space charge distribution continuously under the ultra-high electric field. Using this system, we observed the space charge dynamics in the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) at and around the breakdown. We also investigated the dependence of the applied electric field on space charge behavior. From the results, it is found that the injected charge packet moved faster and deeper under a relatively lower electric field rather than that under a higher electric field. Furthermore, we found that the maximum electric field in each specimen was almost the same when the breakdown happened in a specimen. 相似文献