清洗机器人的清洗工艺

对清洗机器人的清洗作业和清洗方法进行了系统分类概述,举例综合分析了清洗机器人的清洗工艺,特别提出了油罐清洗机器人的清洗工艺流程设想。     

奥氏体不锈钢管道清洗技术简述

介绍了奥氏体不锈钢管道常用的清洗技术,包括物理清洗、化学清洗、静态清洗、动态清洗、除垢清洗、脱脂清洗等,对各种清洗技术的特点,适用的工艺条件进行了总结。     

油罐清洗方法的比较及安全技术措施

根据清洗油罐的不同途径,将油罐清洗方法分成人工清洗和机械清洗两类。分别阐述了人工清洗和机械清洗中各油罐清洗方法的原理及适用条件,并将不同情况下应用的不同油罐清洗方法进行了比较。结合不同油罐清洗方法的技术特点,介绍了两种清洗方法需要注意的安全问题。     

中国工业清洗技术应用现状与发展趋势

介绍了工业清洗剂分类,详细总结了国内化学清洗、物理清洗(高压水射流清洗、超声波清洗、PIG清洗、干冰清洗和激光清洗等)和微生物清洗的现状和发展趋势,并对我国工业清洗剂技术应用进行了展望。     

陶瓷微滤膜处理印染废水的膜再生研究

本文对氢氧化镁吸附 -陶瓷膜微滤处理印染废水的膜再生方法进行研究。考察了不同清洗剂的清洗效果 ,研究了清洗时间、清洗流速、清洗压力、清洗温度等对清洗效果的影响 ,对清洗重复性进行了考察 ,确定了效果好且稳定的清洗方法。     

二氧化碳清洗技术原理分析

介绍了三种二氧化碳清洗技术的原理,分别是干冰清洗技术、二氧化碳微粒喷射清洗和二氧化碳超临界清洗。得出了二氧化碳微粒喷射清洗技术是在焦-汤效应下出现的三相清洗,比干冰清洗技术更先进;二氧化碳超临界清洗充分利用了液体密度大,溶解能力强的规律,其清洗原理和前二者完全不同。     

轨道车辆转向架干冰清洗应用研究

采用干冰清洗轨道车辆转向架相比其他清洗方式有许多独特的优点,但目前缺少相关研究,鉴于此,在分析干冰清洗原理的基础上采用干冰清洗设备对转向架进行了干冰清洗应用研究。主要研究了干冰对清洗对象的影响、清洗效果、二氧化碳浓度、清洗路径,通过研究得到了干冰对清洗对象的影响规律、最佳清洗效果时的各参数值、车间二氧化碳浓度变化规律、较优清洗路径。该研究为转向架干冰清洗提供了关键数据和研究方法,有利干冰清洗在轨道车辆检修基地的推广应用。     

古建筑与石质文物的清洗技术

提出了古建筑与石质文物清洗的必要性,综述了安全、科学地使用清洗技术对古建筑与石质文物进行清洗的方法,着重介绍了水清洗、化学清洗、粒子喷射和激光清洗4种清洗技术,具有较高的应用价值。     

氨基磺酸对凝汽器的清洗技术研究与应用

介绍了氨基磺酸的性能,研究了清洗原理和清洗工艺,并用氨基磺酸对主要的电力设备凝汽器进行了现场清洗。其清洗的结果表明:运用适当的清洗工艺,能够有效而安全地实现对关键设备的清洗。     

罐车自动清洗系统清洗性能与参数优化研究

介绍了一种罐车自动清洗系统,主要对系统的组成和清洗过程进行了描述,通过对罐车自动化清洗系统的能耗分析和清洗系统清洗性能的研究现状的分析,对罐车自动清洗系统清洗性能与参数优化进行了研究。     

影响煤质快速灰分仪测定准确性的因素分析

针对洗煤灰分常规测定方法时间长,不能及时反映洗煤质量的问题,采用了XL-6338A快速煤质分析仪测定洗煤灰分。分析了该仪器测定灰分时影响其准确性的因素。通过各因素下该仪器测定数据与重量法测定数据的多次对比,得出把洗煤试样粒度控制在≤3mm、水分控制在≤10%、堆密度控制在每桶(2.53±0.05)kg,可得到较准确的灰分测定数据。     

Preparation and evaluation of composites containing polypropylene and cotton gin trash

Composites of polypropylene (PP) and cotton gin trash (GT) were prepared to enhance the utilization of agro-based materials in industrial products. GT was modified by two methods: toluene washed only, and toluene washed and treated with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP). These GT samples were extruded with PP, including MAPP and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer in various weight ratios (32 composites total). The PP composites displayed tensile strengths close to that of the neat PP, and exhibited higher values of tensile modulus and lower elongation at break than the neat PP. Based on DSC measurements, the PP composites containing 10 wt% GT exhibited two crystalline regimes, while those containing 20 wt% GT were similar in crystallinity to that of the neat PP. The composites were also characterized using SEM, TGA, water absorption tests, and contact angle measurements. These composites represent a more sustainable alternative to neat, fossil fuel-based PP.     

两步水解法制备条件对TiO2/SiO2混合氧化物孔结构的影响

采用两步水解法制备了高比表面积的TiO2/SiO2混合氧化物,利用TGA和低温N2的吸附对粉体进行了表征。研究了预水解阶段加水量及醇洗、水洗过程对粉体孔结构的影响,发现加水量较少时,孔径分布变宽,水洗样品的比表面积和孔径均比醇洗样品的大。     

A new analytical procedure to differentiate virgin or non‐refined from refined vegetable fats and oils

The effects of individual steps of industrial refining on the alteration of triacylglycerides (TAG) are reported. The level of dimer triglycerides, normally not present in crude oils, increased after each refining step, especially after steam‐washing and desodorisation. A good correlation between the applied temperatures and dimer triglycerides content was found. The forming of dimer triglycerides starts at 90 °C and increases corresponding to the extension of thermal treatment like normal heating or desodorisation. The data for various types of vegetable oils demonstrate that there is no clear‐cut different tendency to form dimers. Heated oils with different contents of linoleic acid produced nearly the same amount of dimers. Other criteria, like the determination of trans fatty acids, steradienes, or the UV‐absorption, were found not to be appropriate to detect a thermal treatment at temperatures below 150—170 °C. The formation of steradienes mainly depends on the total sterol contents, the percentage of added bleaching earth, and its acidity and moisture. Over 160 commercial vegetable oil samples were analysed to obtain a data range on the content of dimerised triglycerides. Mostly, vegetable oils Iabelled as non‐refined (which may be steam‐washed) did not exceed dimer contents of 0.1%. Virgin vegetable oils did not contain dimers (< 0.05%). The content of dimer triglycerides in vegetable oils was determined by a new method via clean‐up on a short silica gel column, followed by size‐exclusion HPLC with refractive index detection.     

纯棉织物涂料染色水洗褪色率的控制

纯棉织物涂料染色水洗褪色要达到洗后露白的特殊效果,中浅色品种宜采用全涂料染色,深色品种常采用活性/涂料两浴法染色,但活性/涂料两浴法染色洗后露白效果不佳,分别探讨了全涂料染中浅色、涂料/活性-浴法染深色的染色工艺,分析涂料染色水洗褪色率影响因素,更有效地控制水洗褪色率,保证洗后露白效果.     

普鲁士蓝钠离子电池正极材料高收率合成过程及性能

用高氯酸盐前躯体制备普鲁士蓝(PB)材料,考察了合成过程中前驱体成分、溶液温度、钠盐添加量及杂质含量对材料性能的影响. 结果表明,氯化亚铁作铁源时,不清洗的普鲁士蓝产物中含NaCl杂质,电化学性能明显低于经多次清洗的产物;高氯酸亚铁作铁源时,不清洗直接收集的普鲁士蓝产物初始放电容量略低于清洗产物,但长期循环稳定性更好,免清洗工艺可明显提高普鲁士蓝材料的收率,少量高氯酸钠杂质存在提高了材料的循环性能.     

涂料项目清洗溶剂回收的应用实例

涂料生产项目使用到大量的有机溶剂,每次更换产品均需要进行设备清洗,清洗后的溶剂如不进行回收,将导致大量的原料损耗。文章以某涂料生产工厂的清洗溶剂回收应用进行分析,浅议涂料生产项目清洗溶剂回收的意义,并对其进行经济可行性分析。     

Effect of the extrusion process on the functional characteristics and protein quality of quinua (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd)

In order to have available a human food of high nutritive value, and conscious of the protein quality of the quinua, as well as its carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral content, its behavior during the extrusion process was tested in the present study. To eliminate saponins, a simple method was developed which consisted of washing the seeds through an aluminum container, using a wooden stirrer. Seven treatments were studied: washed quinua, washed and cooked quinua, washed and expanded quinua No. 1 and No. 2, and washed and texturized quinua No. 1 and No. 2; casein was used as control. Biological evaluation trials were carried out in Holtzman rats, following the PER method. To detect the possible effects of the processed quinua on the experimental animals, hematological as well as histopathological studies of the vital organs were performed. A maximum PER of 2.43 was obtained for the texturized quinua, 2.16 for the expanded quinua, 2.6 for the cooked quinua, while the casein control yielded a PER of 3.00. The physico-chemical characteristics of the quinua flour were determined, as well as those of the expanded and texturized products. The product obtained was subjected to an organoleptic trial and it can be stated that the results obtained were satisfactory. The product can be consumed directly without major modifications and has an acceptable flavor. The nutritive value of quinua was not impaired; it compared favorably with the best diets recommended for the population, especially of those with a lower income. The results obtained in the present study suggest the possibility of increasing the nutritional value of the product, as well as its acceptability.     

磷酸缓冲液快速洗涤纳米羟基磷灰石

目前广泛应用于生物医学领域的合成纳米羟基磷灰石大多数都是在pH>10的碱性条件下合成的,这就导致了在合成后期需要花大量时间、消耗大量水清洗羟基磷灰石以除去其碱性,影响后续实验研究和生产进程。本文基于中性磷酸缓冲液（PBS）建立了一种快速洗涤羟基磷灰石的方法。采用沉淀法以硝酸钙和磷酸三钠为原料制备了羟基磷灰石（HA）,用磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠配制了pH=7的PBS,采用所配制的PBS快速洗涤羟基磷灰石至中性,同时通过传统洗涤流程清洗另一批次羟基磷灰石至中性。通过TEM、XRD、IR、TG分析了两种洗涤方法生成产物的晶粒形貌、晶体尺寸及化学成分。结果表明：PBS快速洗涤法得到的产物与传统方法洗涤的羟基磷灰石的成分、晶体结构、尺寸及产物纯度无明显区别,但PBS洗涤可在一定程度上提高了HA晶体的结晶完整性和热稳定性。本文提出的PBS快速洗涤法节约清洗HA的去离子水达80%以上,大幅缩短洗涤周期,有望在实验室及工业生产中提高纳米羟基磷灰石的产出速率和压缩产出成本。     

不同自体输血技术在单侧初次髋关节置换术的应用体会

目的探讨几种自体输血方法在单侧初次人工全髋关节置换围手术期的作用和临床意义。方法将118例单侧初次全髋关节置换病人按使用自体血回输方法不同分成5组,分别为:(1)未使用自体血组19例;(2)单纯使用术前预存自体血组(术前预存组)27例;(3)单纯使用术中血液回输组(术中回输组)28例;(4)术前预存自体血结合术中血液回输组(术前中组)34例;(5)联合使用术前预存自体血、术中血液回输及术后引流血回输组(术前中后组)共10例。分析各组患者在围手术期输异体血比例和输血量方面有无统计学差异。结果未使用自体血组,64.8%(13/19)输异体血浆平均140mL;89.5%(17/19)输异体压积红细胞平均460mL。术前预存组,14.8%(4/27)输血浆平均61.5mL,14.8%(4/27)输压积红平均61.5mL。术中回输组,78.6%(22/28)输血浆平均192.9mL,85.7%(24/28)输压积红平均278.6mL。术前中组,11.8%(4/34)输血浆平均23.5mL,11.8%(4/34))输压积红平均35.3mL。术前中后组无一例输异体血液(0/10)。未用自体血组与术中回输组在输血例数与输血量方面差异无显著性,而这两组与其他3组比较差异有显著性。结论(1)单纯使用术中自体血回输在单侧初次髋关节置换手术中应用未能有效减少异体血液的输入;(2)联合使用术前预存自体血、术中血液回输及术后引流血回输3种方法,在单侧初次髋关节置换手术中应用能最大限度的减少异体血液的输入;(3)综合各种因素分析在单髋初次置换病例中,术前预存自体血技术最为经济,同时又可减少患者输入异体血的机会。