芳基烷基磺酸盐链长对烷烃的油-水动态界面张力的影响

采用旋转滴法测定系列自制芳基烷基磺酸盐(CnNPAS,n=8,10,12,14,16)水溶液对烷烃的油-水动态界面张力,考察了表面活性剂烷基链长、表面活性剂浓度、弱碱浓度、烷烃碳数等因素对油-水动态界面张力的影响。结果表明,增大CnNPAS的烷基链长和碱含量均会使界面张力达到稳定值的时间增长;增加CnNPAS浓度和烷烃碳数均会使界面张力动态变化加快,达到平衡所需时间减少。CnNPAS表面活性剂可在低浓度范围较明显地降低界面张力,而随着浓度的增加界面张力回升明显。     

芳基烷基磺酸盐链长对烷烃的油-水动态界面张力的影响

采用旋转滴法测定系列自制芳基烷基磺酸盐（C_nNPAS, n=8,10,12,14,16）水溶液对烷烃的油-水动态界面张力,考察了表面活性剂烷基链长、表面活性剂浓度、弱碱浓度、烷烃碳数等因素对油-水动态界面张力的影响。结果表明,增大C_nNPAS的烷基链长和碱含量均会使界面张力达到稳定值的时间增长;增加C_nNPAS浓度和烷烃碳数均会使界面张力动态变化加快,达到平衡所需时间减少。C_nNPAS表面活性剂可在低浓度范围较明显地降低界面张力,而随着浓度的增加界面张力回升明显。     

直链烷基萘磺酸钠的合成及界面活性研究

为研究直链烷基萘磺酸盐结构与界面性能的关系,以α-溴化萘为原料,经交叉耦合反应、磺化反应、中和反应等步骤,合成了5种结构明确的直链烷基萘磺酸钠,烷基链的碳数分别为6、8、10、12、14,产物收率50%～60%。用高效液相色谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱对其进行了色谱纯度、相对分子质量及结构表征,产物色谱纯度均高于96.0%。测量了各烷基萘磺酸钠的NaCl水溶液与正壬烷的界面张力,证实了临界胶束浓度随烷基碳链的增长而减小。     

洗涤剂烷基化物的制备

本专利是有关洗涤剂烷基化物制备方法的发明。具体地说,这是有关二苯基烷,或二苯基烷和二烷基苯的混合物转化为单苯基烷化物的一种方法。部分氯化的、洗涤剂馏程的正构烷烃和苯起烷基化反应时,生成二苯基烷和二烷基苯付产物,把这些付产物转化为单苯基烷化物,它的单磺酸盐衍生物是可生物降解的、水溶性的表面活性剂。最近的一种制备具有生物降解性的烷基苯磺酸盐的方法,是首先将C_(10-16)直链烷烃转化为可烷基化的烷烃衍生物。获得可烷基化的炕烃衍生物的一种简便方法是部分氯     

不同平均分子量及其分布烷基芳基磺酸盐的制备与性能

以直链α烯烃、苯、甲苯、混和二甲苯等为原料,采用原位离子液体催化烷基化反应分别合成出不同碳数的直链烷基苯、烷基甲苯和烷基二甲苯,经降膜式磺化、中和反应、提纯等方法制得不同相对分子质量的烷基芳基磺酸盐,其纯度均大于97.0%,仪器分析证明了其结构与设计相符。不同平均分子量、不同分布形式的磺酸盐体系降低油水界面张力能力不同;平均分子量为432、递增分布和反正态分布体系与碱、聚合物组成的三元复合体系在人造岩心上,室内模拟驱油可在水驱基础上提高采收率22%以上。     

驱油用磺酸盐的工业化生产现状与发展趋势

介绍了重烷基苯磺酸盐和石油磺酸盐工业化生产的现状、存在的问题以及解决的途径,并探讨了芳基烷基磺酸盐、烷基二苯醚磺酸盐和脂肪醇(烷基酚)醚磺酸盐的研究现状与工业化前景.指出重烷基苯磺酸盐和石油磺酸盐作为三次采油的主表面活性剂,目前在工业化生产中仍存在一些问题,产品质量不太稳定,需进一步改进生产工艺技术,提高产品质量,扩大生产规模;芳基烷基磺酸盐和烷基二苯醚磺酸盐可作为助表面活性剂用于特殊的油藏条件,有必要尽快开发可行的工业化生产工艺;脂肪醇(烷基酚)醚磺酸盐类表面活性剂的原料来源丰富,分子结构可变性强,耐电解质能力强,尤其是耐钙能力强,应用领域广,极具工业化价值.     

烷基芳基磺酸盐对不同原油油-水界面张力行为的研究

选择了系列表面活性剂烷基芳基磺酸盐中的一个Ay -2 ,合成了Ay -2并考察了其与大庆采油一厂、二厂、三厂、四厂和大港油田港西和羊三木原油的油水界面张力特性。结果表明 :烷基芳基磺酸盐Ay -2与大庆采油四厂原油能形成较好的界面张力范围 ,与采油一厂、二厂、三厂原油形成超低界面张力的能力略差 ;烷基芳基磺酸盐Ay -2能与大港油田羊三木原油和港西原油间形成较好的界面张力范围     

糠醛抽出油族组分磺酸盐的结构与性能研究

通过柱层析法将糠醛抽出油分离为极性不同的4个族组分a,b,c和d.以各个族组分为原料,发烟硫酸为磺化剂,制备各个族组分磺酸盐.用电喷雾质谱法(ESMS)表征各个族组分磺酸盐的分子质量分布,用IR,1HNMR和元素分析法表征磺酸盐的分子结构,并测定了它们的表面活性、亲水亲油平衡(HLB)值、润湿力、乳化力.结果表明,族组分b,c和d磺酸盐具有较宽的相对分子质量分布,其平均相对分子质量分别为321,339和407;族组分b和c磺酸盐分子含有1～2个芳香环,烷基侧链含有6～7个C原子,每条烷基侧链平均有2～3条支链,族组分d磺酸盐平均含有2个芳香环,烷基侧链含有12～14个C原子,每条烷基侧链平均有6～7条支链;族组分b,c和d磺酸盐均具有较好的乳化性能,族组分d磺酸盐的cmc和γcmc均较低,润湿性能较差.     

双尾烷基硫酸盐的合成与表面性质

以2-丁基辛醇、2-己基癸醇和2-辛基十二醇以及氯磺酸为主要原料,通过磺化、中和法合成了碳数分别为12、16和20双尾烷基硫酸盐表面活性剂(GC12S、GC16S和GC20S),并用IR1、HNMR对其结构进行了表征;测定了表面活性剂水溶液性质。实验结果表明:双尾烷基硫酸盐的临界胶束浓度(cmc)比同碳数的直链烷基硫酸盐的高,降低表面张力的能力比直链的更显著;碳链越长,表面活性剂的cmc越小,γcmc下降得更快。GC12S、GC16S和GC20S的γcmc分别为28.50 mN.m-1、27.56 mN.m-1和24.91 mN.m-1。     

季碳邻二胺类化合物的合成研究

介绍了含不同烷基的季碳1,2-二胺类化合物的合成研究.反应以α-烷基芳基酮为起始原料,经过Witting反应合成 α-烷基芳基烯烃,烯烃通过氧化合成芳基氮丙啶,芳基氮丙啶再与苯胺亲核加成开环制得含不同烷基的季碳邻二胺类化合物.与之前方法相比,此方法不需要添加催化剂和溶剂,通过简单的neat反应获得较高产率的季碳邻二胺类...     

饱和烷烃的化学与分子的拓扑

本文以图论法为基础,从分子的拓扑结构入手探索和揭示结构与性能之间的本质联系,建立一个既能描述饱和烷烃化学火用的变化规律,又能准确预测其值的定量关系式。     

Diffusion of single alkane molecule in carbon nanotube studied by molecular dynamics simulation

Full atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study the diffusion of alkane molecule in single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), with different alkane chain lengths and nanotube diameters. In this paper, we calculated the self-diffusion coefficient, mean-square gyration and bond-orientation order parameter of alkane molecule and the average intermolecular interaction energy per segment between SWCNT and alkane. Furthermore, structure of alkane in SWCNT was characterized through the radial distribution function, with results showing that the self-diffusion coefficient is related to the nanotube diameter. The component of mean-square gyration in z-direction scales with alkane chain length in SWCNT(9,9) like N1.07±0.04, which is in good agreement with the prediction from scaling theory for polymers. The obtained results show that nanotube diameter and alkane chain length are important factors affecting the behavior of one-dimensional confined alkanes.     

Surfactants for producing low interfacial tensions I: Linear alkyl benzene sulfonates

The synthesis of a variety of linear alkylbenzene-sulfonates is described. These materials have been examined for their ability to promote every low interfacial tensions between alkanes, alkylbenzenes, or alkylcyclohexanes and water. Each surfactant gives its lowest tension against a particular member of each of these homologous series. For these surfactant struc-tures, the magnitude of its minimum tension is determined by the oil phase equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN) and structure and is largely independent of the particular surfactant used. The position of the minimum tension within the alkane series varies in a systematic and predictable manner. The significance of these results for tertiary oil recovery by surfactant flooding is discussed.     

杂多酸催化剂的组成对烷烃异构化性能影响规律分析

含固体杂多酸双功能催化剂表现出优异的催化活性,并具有催化反应条件温和、不腐蚀设备、不污染环境等优点.此外,杂多酸基催化剂具有广阔的应用前景,已成为烷烃异构化催化剂领域研究热点.该文综述了杂多酸用于轻质烷烃异构化研究进展,详细论述了负载型杂多酸的载体种类、金属活性组分种类和混合方式等对异构化性能的影响规律.分析了杂多酸基催化剂结构与异构化性能之间的构效关系.提出了今后杂多酸基异构化催化剂的研究方向.     

Synthesis of linear aliphatic polycarbonate macroglycols using dimethylcarbonate

A series of linear aliphatic polycarbonate polyols were synthesized using dimethylcarbonate and a linear alkane diol or specific combinations of linear alkane diols. Polyol synthesis was carried out in a two‐stage process using dimethylcarbonate and a linear alkane diol to prepare a series of homopolymer polycarbonate polyols. Polyol grades were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetery techniques. Suitable reaction conditions were developed to yield polycarbonate polyols of number average molecular weight between 700 and 1700. The crystallinity of the polycarbonate polyols was shown to reduce as the molecular weight of the alkane diols used in the polycarbonate synthesis was increased. These polymers offer the potential for use in the synthesis of ether free polyurethane elastomers for biomedical applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

充油型脱醇型硅酮密封胶性能研究

研究了甲基硅油、低分子量聚丁烯、氢化烷烃油作为增塑剂用于脱醇型RTV-1硅酮胶对其性能的影响。结果表明:甲基硅油增塑剂对降低模量、提高位移能力效果明显;聚丁烯与聚硅氧烷相容性差,影响与基材的界面粘接;少量添加烷烃油能起到与甲基硅油类似的效果,但热失重超过10%,添加量增加对基材的粘结性变差,其它性能也大幅降低。     

The effect of long chain alkanes on adhesion between silica particles

The destruction time of the sediment column structure of silica particles was measured using a simple device that was constructed in our laboratory. The measurements were carried out for different fractions of silica particles in alkanes from hexane to hexadecane. We have studied the correlations between the measured destruction time of the sediment column structure of silica particles and the bulk properties of silica particles and alkanes as well as alkane-air, silica particles-air and silica particles-alkane interfacial properties. On the basis of this study, linear relationships between the reciprocal of the destruction time and the average diameter of silica particle fractions, the work of alkanes cohesion, the difference between alkanes and silica densities, and the reciprocal of the free energy of interaction per alkane molecule were found. From these relationships, the critical (for infinitely long destruction time) particle diameter, the work of cohesion, the difference between silica particles and alkane densities and the reciprocal of the free energy of interaction per alkane molecule were determined. It was found that for the systems having critical values of the parameters mentioned above, the detachment force was equal to the attachment force, resulting from gravitational and interfacial interactions, respectively. It is also found from the present study that the attachment force between silica particles depends on the work of alkane cohesion and the work of adhesion between silica particles and liquid, and that the destruction of the sediment column structure of silica particles takes place as a result of disruption of the alkane film between two silica particles. The destruction time increased with the number of carbon atoms in the alkane molecule as a result of decreased detachment force and perimeter of the contact plane and increased attachment force between silica particles in alkanes.     

Influence of the wetting properties of polymeric adhesives on the mechanical behaviour of cork agglomerates

A series of adhesives, polyurethane prepolymers with alkane chains of different functionalities, were used in the production of cork agglomerates. The polymeric structure varied from long, linear chains in adhesive M1 (14% isocyanate groups) to short, branched chains in adhesive M4 (30% isocyanate groups). The wetting properties of the adhesives were studied through surface tension and contact angle measurements of the polymeric liquids deposited on cork substrates. The mechanical behaviour of the cork agglomerates was studied through compression and three-point bending tests, and the agglomerate structure was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relationship between the structural and wetting characteristics of the adhesives and the mechanical properties of the agglomerates was investigated. The experimental results indicate that it is the work of adhesion for the adhesive/cork system, and not only the contact angle, which determines the mechanical resistance of the cork agglomerate.     

Relative reactivities of alkanes in multi-component catalytic cracking reactions

An experimental technique is discussed for measuring relative reactivities of alkanes in the catalytic cracking of multi-component hydrocarbon mixtures over a heterogeneous, Y-zeolitebased catalyst at 250–350 °C. With the technique, ca. 0.1 l of an alkane mixture is evaporated and contacted with a catalyst, after which the mixture of reaction products and the unreacted feed enters the chromatographic column and is immediately analyzed. The technique is used to measure relative reactivities of 21 alkanes in a single experiment. The principal results of these experiments are similar to the results of single-component cracking: alkane reactivity rapidly increases with the increase of the carbon number, and methyl-branched alkanes are more reactive than linear alkanes. However, the variations in alkane reactivities as a function of their molecular weight and skeleton structure differ very significantly between single- and multicomponent experiments.     

Synthesis,characterization and catalytic activity of zinc complex for ring‐opening polymerization of lactide

In the present study, salicylaldimine zinc complex (Zn‐HMBED) was synthesized and its reactivity for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide was studied. The zinc complex was prepared by the reaction of zinc solution with one molar equivalent of salicylaldimine Schiff base ligand in methanol under a nitrogen atmosphere. Further, the complex was characterized by various spectroscopic methods, which showed tetrahedral geometry. X‐ray diffraction studies were used for the structure determination of the Schiff base. It was observed that the zinc complex is highly active towards the ROP of lactide. The rate of polymerization is heavily dependent on the initiator used. The zinc complex allows controlled ROP as revealed by the linear relationship between the percentage conversion and the number‐average molecular weight. Finally, a mechanism for the ROP of lactide is proposed by use of the above zinc complex. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry