一种高增益全差分运算放大器的分析与设计

采用增益提高技术,设计了一种高增益全差分运算放大器,其主运放和两个辅助运放均为全差分折叠式共源共栅结构,并带有连续时间共模反馈电路。详细地分析了由增益增强结构为此运放带来的零极点对。该运算放大器采用TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺设计,开环直流增益可达138 dB,单位增益带宽为252 MHz。     

一种全差分增益增强型运算放大器的设计

设计了一种用于高速ADC中的全差分运算放大器。该运算放大器由主运放、4个辅助运放和一种改进型开关电容共模反馈电路组成,主运放采用折叠式共源共栅结构,并引入增益增强技术提高增益。采用SMIC 0.18μm,1.8 V工艺,在Cadence电路设计平台中利用Spectre仿真,结果表明：运放增益达到115 dB,单位增益带宽805 MHz,而功耗仅为10.5 mW,运放在8 ns的时间内可以达到0.01%的建立精度,可用于高速高精度流水线( Pipelined) ADC中。     

一种高单位增益带宽CMOS全差分运算放大器

设计并讨论了一种高单位增益带宽CMOS全差分运算放大器。由于折叠共源共栅结构电路具有相对高的单位增益带宽以及开关电容共模反馈电路稳定性好、对运放频率特性影响小等优点,故设计的放大器采用了折叠共源共栅结构以及开关电容共模反馈电路技术,并达到了高单位增益带宽的设计目的。基于TSMC0·25μmCMOS工艺,仿真结果表明,在2·5V的单电源电压下,运算放大器的直流开环增益为70dB,单位增益带宽为500MHz。     

一种采用增益增强技术的全差分运放设计和实现

设计了一种采用增益增强技术并带有共模反馈的全差分运算放大器.该运算放大器主要由三个折叠式共源共栅结构的运放、一个偏置电路和一个共模反馈电路组成.运算放大器采用chartered 0.35 μm CMOS工艺实现,仿真结果表明运放开环增益为106.8 dB,单位增益带宽为58 MHz,相位裕度为79°(负载Cload=1 pF).对流片运放进行测试和分析,运算放大器测试指标和仿真指标基本接近,较好达到预先的设计要求.     

一种带有增益提高技术的高速CMOS运算放大器设计

设计了一种用于高速ADC中的高速高增益的全差分CMOS运算放大器。主运放采用带开关电容共模反馈的折叠式共源共栅结构,利用增益提高和三支路电流基准技术实现一个可用于12~14 bit精度,100 MS/s采样频率的高速流水线（Pipelined）ADC的运放。设计基于SMIC 0.25μm CMOS工艺,在Cadence环境下对电路进行Spectre仿真。仿真结果表明,在2.5 V单电源电压下驱动2 pF负载时,运放的直流增益可达到124 dB,单位增益带宽720 MHz,转换速率高达885 V/μs,达到0.1%的稳定精度的建立时间只需4 ns,共模抑制比153 dB。     

一种全差动增益增强型跨导运算放大器

设计了一种低电压全差动增益增强CMOS运算跨导放大器。主运放为一个P管输入的折叠式共源共栅结构,两个辅助运放被设计用来提升电路的输出阻抗和开环增益。主运放采用了一种改进的开关电容共模反馈电路,有更快的建立时间和更高的精度。电路采用中芯国际(SMIC)0.18μm混合信号CMOS工艺设计,1.8 V电压供电,仿真结果表明,运算放大器的开环直流增益为92.2 dB,单位增益带宽可达504 MHz。     

全差分增益提高运算放大器的分析与设计

通过增益提高技术,一个全差分增益提高套筒式共源共栅运算放大器被提出和设计。该运算放大器得主运算放大器是由全差分套筒式共源共栅放大器构成,并带有一个开关电容共模反馈电路。而增益提高放大器是由全差分析叠式共源共栅放大器构成,它的共模反馈电路是连续时间反馈电路。该运算放大器采用中芯国际0．35μmixed-signal CMOS工艺设计,运算放大器的直流增益可达到129dB,而单位增益频率为161MHz。     

一种全差分增益自举运算放大器的设计

设计实现了一种具有高增益大带宽的全差分增益自举运算放大器,适用于高速高精度流水线模数转换器采保电路的应用.增益自举放大器的主放大器和子放大器均采用折叠共源共栅式全差分结构,并且主放大器采用开关电容共模反馈来稳定输出电压.该放大器工作在3.0 V电源电压下,单端负载为2pF,采用0.18Wn CMOS工艺库对电路进行仿真,结果显示该放大器的直流增益可达到112dB,单位增益带宽为1.17GHz.     

一种高速高增益CMOS运算放大器的设计

设计了一种应用于采样保持电路中高速高增益运算放大器。该运放采用全差分增益提高型共源共栅结构。在输入信号通路上加入适当的补偿电容,消除了零极点对对运放建立时间的影响,同时对主运放的次极点进行了优化,改进了相位裕度。采用0.35μmCMOS工艺仿真,结果表明,运放的开环直流增益达到106dB,单位带宽为831MHz（负载电容8pF）,相位裕度为60.5°,压摆率为586V/μs,满足12位50MS/s流水线ADC中采样保持电路性能要求。     

高速高增益运算放大器的设计及应用

本文设计了一种高速高增益放大器,该放大器通过增加全差分的共源共栅电路作为辅助放大器来提高运放增益,并采用频率补偿和钳位管相结合的技术改善运放的频响特性,使得运放在通频带范围内类似于单极点运放,大大减少了运放的转换时间.采用SMIC的0.35μm工艺模型进行仿真,结果表明,运放的直流增益达到110dB,带宽266MHz(负载电容 Cload=1pF),相位裕度55°,只需10ns即可达到0.1%的稳定精度,因而是一种有效的高速高精度运放的实现途径.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.