多层一致性哈希的HDFS副本放置策略

分布式文件系统HDFS采用机架感知的副本放置策略在一定程度上保证了数据的可靠性,但系统运行一段时间后会出现数据分布不均衡的情况.虽然使用Balancer程序可以对数据进行重分布,但对数据存储不均衡处理的后置性影响了系统的数据读取速率和可靠性.采用多层一致性哈希的副本放置策略,首先通过一致性哈希算法获得数据副本对应的机架位置,再通过一致性哈希算法获得该机架下对应的数据节点位置并最终成为存储位置.一致性哈希算法在查找对应位置的过程中采用地址等分和虚拟节点的技术,提高了查找的效率和分布的均衡性.该策略在数据均衡存储、上传速率方面较原有策略都有很大的提高,并且具有数据自适应性的能力.     

云系统中面向海量多媒体数据的动态任务调度算法

在云计算环境下,对处理海量多媒体数据的作业以及任务调度与资源分配算法进行建模,在此模型下提出一种云计算环境下面向海量多媒体数据的动态任务调度算法.算法以云系统中海量多媒体数据文件的分块多副本存储形式为基础来规划并行处理任务,以文件块和副本的映射关系为特征对云系统中数据节点执行聚类,以已执行完毕任务的历史反馈信息为基础来动态调度未执行任务.实验结果表明提出的算法对提高系统资源利用率和负载均衡有显著效果.     

数据网格环境下副本淘汰策略的研究

为了在数据网格环境中不增加副本存储空间的条件下,能够很好地进行数据副本的淘汰,提出了一种改进副本淘汰算法.该算法利用权重函数兼顾访问时间和访问频率,在考虑副本传输代价的因素上引入动态调整因子μ,根据实际情况动态的调整副本传榆代价所占的比例.仿真实验结果表明,该算法在副本尺寸差异较大的情况下,可以大大减少副本淘汰误差,提高了网格结点的作业平均执行时间和网络有效利用率.     

结构化P2P系统中副本一致性管理的一种新算法

结构化P2P系统通常使用数据复制来提高数据可用性,但P2P环境中的节点搅动、多节点并发更新以及恶意节点的存在也为副本的一致性管理带来了新的挑战.基于协商的算法要求节点间以全交换的方式通讯,在P2P环境中其可伸缩性不够理想.本文针对结构化P2P系统提出一种基于Quorum的副本管理算法:使用混合失效模型降低容错开销,利用DHT服务处理节点搅动,将数据存储与其元信息管理分离,使数据可靠性和数据可用性得以独立调整.模拟实验表明该算法可以明显改善系统的可伸缩性,减少系统的容错开销.     

基于模拟退火算法的数据网格副本部署策略

副本管理是提高网格性能、降低客户端延迟的有效手段。针对副本部署策略问题,提出基于模拟退火算法的副本部署策略,给出优化模型及算法。OptorSim的仿真结果表明,该策略可减少作业对文件请求的响应时间,提高系统的整体性能。目前该策略已在大庆油田海量数据中心副本部署中得到成功应用。     

采用动态投票机制的数据网格副本一致性维护

针对网格动态性引起副本数据一致性维护困难的问题,根据网格的动态特性建立了网格系统模型和副本一致性维护模型;提出了适用于低在线率情况的动态投票机制,并在此基础上给出了一种副本数据一致性维护算法,从全局有序性和读一致性等方面证明了该算法的正确性.最后通过模拟实验对副本数取值及可扩展性等方面进行分析,探讨了网格动态性对数据一致性维护的影响.     

基于遗传算法的副本管理策略

在数据网格环境中,为了提高数据的可靠性和降低用户对数据访问的延迟,广泛采用了数据复制技术;由于副本技术的引入,就会面临一个很直接的问题,即一个应用程序如何根据副本性能和访问特性,从一组副本中选择一个最佳副本,就是副本选择问题.针对数据复制技术中的关键技术:副本创建和副本选择,在价格机制模型和并行数据传输的基础上,采用了遗传算法实现副本的优化管理.最后使用网格模拟器OptorSim对算法进行测试分析,结果显示基于遗传算法的策略有更好的性能.     

网格环境下的混杂副本管理拓扑结构

在网格中,数据常常由于性能和可用性等原因进行复制.如何有效地管理网格环境中的各副本是网格系统中需要解决的重要问题.提出了一种可扩展及动态自适应的副本管理拓扑结构——混杂网格副本管理拓扑结构（HGRMT）.HGRMT将传统树状的网格逻辑结构中的各节点,在不同层次上又连接成环状,并在此基础上提出了层间与组内不同的副本创建算法.实验表明,HGRMT有较好的可扩展性、可靠性和自适应性.     

基于热度的Hadoop快速副本复制算法

在云存储中心, 由于节点失效带来的文件数据块副本丢失不仅会影响系统的可靠性, 还会影响文件的并发访问效率. 针对Hadoop中默认的副本复制方法存在的问题, 即副本复制过程某些节点数据传输过于集中, 负载不均衡, 磁盘I/O吞吐率低, 提出一种基于热度的快速副本复制算法. 该算法优先复制热度高的数据块, 合理选择数据块复制的源节点和目的节点. 仿真结果表明, 该算法平衡了系统的工作负载, 提高了磁盘I/O吞吐率, 显著降低用户请求平均响应时间.     

基于HBase的地理分布副本管理机制

针对分布式存储系统中数据通常在多个数据中心有冗余的副本进行备份,需要健壮的机制维护各个副本的一致性,对分布式系统的副本复制理论作了深入研究后,提出了一套管理地理分布副本的算法.微软研究院提出服务等级协议,把用户对一致性的要求分成若干级别,每个级别与用户可容忍的延迟有关.系统保证在可容忍的延迟范围内,用户能拥有较高的服务等级.Tuba系统拓展了Pileus,允许系统根据所有用户发送的统计信息动态地改变主从副本存放的位置,以提高系统的平均性能,但Tuba系统的复制只是基于单个目标单位进行.对Tuba系统中的方法作出改进,提出了一套改变主从副本存放位置的算法,并在HBase分布式系统的副本复制中实现了该机制.系统完成后,通过实验验证了在改变主从副本存放位置时综合考虑两个region的相关性可以提高系统整体的效用.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。