金属─陶瓷梯度材料的热弹塑性分析

本文对金属-陶瓷梯度材料的稳态热弹塑性行为进行了研究.文中首先采用平均场和自洽弹塑性微观力学方法预测了金属-陶瓷梯度材料的非弹性性能,然后用非线性有限元法计算了材料制备过程中的热弹塑性应力.结果表明,梯度材料的热弹塑性行为对梯度材料的热应力缓和性能有显著影响.     

金属─陶瓷梯度材料的热弹塑性分析

本文对金属-陶瓷梯度材料的稳态热弹塑性行为进行了研究.文中首先采用平均场和自洽弹塑性微观力学方法预测了金属-陶瓷梯度材料的非弹性性能,然后用非线性有限元法计算了材料制备过程中的热弹塑性应力.结果表明,梯度材料的热弹塑性行为对梯度材料的热应力缓和性能有显著影响.      

氧化碲非线性光学材料的研究进展

综述了氧化碲非线性光学材料(包括纯TeO_2材料和掺杂有其它物质的氧化碲基材料)的制备方法、国内外研究进展,探讨了分子结构对氧化碲基材料非线性光学性的影响,分析了采用高温熔融法和溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化碲非线性光学材料的优缺点,展望了氧化碲材料的应用前景.指出高温熔融法或溶胶-凝胶法与其他制备方法,如超声、光聚合、电化学等相结合是制备优异氧化碲非线性光学材料的有效手段.     

纳米颗粒-介电复合材料三阶光学非线性的研究进展

纳米颗粒-介电复合材料显示出优良的三阶非线性光学性能,是应用于未来全光器件的理想材料.其中,纳米颗粒的尺寸、浓度、组成和结构,基体的选择,测试方法中选用的激光波长和脉冲宽度等多种因素都对此类复合材料的三阶非线性光学性能有很大的影响,了解这些影响因素对材料的制备和应用具有重要的指导意义.在此基础上,研究指出核壳结构纳米颗粒-介电复合材料具有更加优异的三阶非线性光学性能,是目前的研究热点.     

基于均匀设计优化制备癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO2复合相变材料

以SiO2作为载体材料,癸酸-棕榈酸作为相变材料制备癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO2复合相变材料.基于均匀设计和多元非线性回归法研究了各因素对复合相变材料吸放湿性能和控温性能的影响.结果表明,各因素对性能影响的主次顺序为:溶液pH值＞无水乙醇与正硅酸乙酯的物质的量比＞癸酸-棕榈酸与正硅酸乙酯的物质的量比＞去离子水与正硅酸乙酯的物质的量比＞超声波功率;优化制备方案:溶液pH值为3.62,超声波功率为100W,去离子水与正硅酸乙酯的物质的量比为9.67,无水乙醇与正硅酸乙酯的物质的量比为5.21,癸酸-棕榈酸与正硅酸乙酯的物质的量比为0.52.     

碲基复合材料薄膜的三阶非线性光学特性

采用电化学诱导溶胶-凝胶法在导电玻璃片上制备了具有三阶非线性光学特性的碲基复合薄膜材料. 采用SEM( 扫描电镜)和EDX( X 光电子能谱)对薄膜的表面形貌和组成进行表征; 应用分光光度计得到薄膜的透射光谱、反射光谱、吸收光谱, 并结合脉冲激光器和 Z 扫描方法测量薄膜的三阶非线性光学特性. 实验结果表明制备的薄膜呈网状结构, 表面组分主要包括Si、Te、O元素; 薄膜在波长为1064nm处呈现负的非线性折射效应和饱和吸收的性质, 其非线性折射系数和非线性吸收系数分别为-4.18×10 ^{- 13} m²/W和-1.6×10 ^{- 6} m/W, 表明了碲基复合薄膜有较强的非线性光学效应, 得到三阶极化率为1.13×10 ^{- 14} (m/V)², 表明复合薄膜具有优良的三阶非线性光学性能.     

纳米簇掺杂非线性光学玻璃及其制备方法

纳米簇掺杂非线性光学玻璃是在诸多性能上优于非线性光学晶体和有机高分子材料的新型的非线性光学材料，介绍了纳米晶簇的引入对材料非线性极化性能及响应速度的影响。以及纳米簇掺杂非线性光学玻璃材料的制备方法和应用前景。     

玻璃-氧化铝功能梯度材料的研究进展

综述了国内外玻璃-氧化铝功能梯度材料的最新进展,详细总结和分析了国外该系材料的制备技术、组成、结构及性能以及国内通过湿法成形制备的材料的烧结行为及机理.国外主要通过渗滤和等离子喷涂2种方法制备该系材料,已经证明,该系材料弹性性能呈梯度变化,能有效抑制Hertzian锥形裂纹生成.与国外等离子喷涂方法制备的材料相比,湿法成形制备的材料不存在分层,无明显的界面问题.已经证明,氧化铝的含量对于该系材料的烧结行为有决定性影响,能够改变基体的烧结机理、抗收缩性能及裂纹扩展行为.最后,阐述了国内外的差距并展望了玻璃-氧化铝功能梯度材料的发展趋势.     

有机-无机透明导电薄膜的研究进展

透明导电膜是一种重要的光电材料,应用广泛.以传统的无机氧化物和导电高分子材料制备的导电薄膜虽然电学性能优良,但综合性能不甚理想.通过有机-无机杂化的透明导电薄膜能够借助各组成材料特性的互补作用使复合材料具有出色的综合性能.介绍了透明导电薄膜的种类、用途和特性,综述了有机-无机杂化导电材料在块体材料和透明导电薄膜方面的应用,并展望了其发展前景.     

纤维对硅酸盐基多孔材料吸声性能的影响

以硅酸盐水泥为主要原料,通过原位自组装技术制备了硅酸盐基多孔材料.通过改变纤维的添加量,制备了含有不同种类和不同纤维添加量的多孔材料,并分析了纤维对多孔材料的吸声性能的影响.采用驻波管法测试多孔材料的吸声性能,通过立体显微镜(SM)分析材料形貌.结果表明,PP纤维和玻纤对材料吸声性能影响显著:当PP纤维长度为19mm时,材料的吸声效果最好;随着PP纤维掺量的增加,材料的中低频吸声性能提高,中高频吸声性能降低;随着玻纤掺量的增加,材料的中低频吸声性能提高,中高频吸声性能降低.     

新型PMMA/SiO_2/DR1非线性光学杂化材料的制备及表征

通过溶胶-凝胶法将硅烷染料DR1ASD、含硅氧烷PMMA和TEOS在酸催化条件下共水解-缩合制备了新型非线性光学杂化材料PMMA/SiO2/DR1,并运用FT-IR、SEM、UV-vis、DSC/TG和UV-vis等测试方法对其结构和性能进行表征.测试结果表明:杂化材料中有机相和无机相之间通过共价键结合,无相分离出现;杂化材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和热分解温度(Td)分别达到165℃和405℃;电晕极化后杂化材料具有较高的生色团取向有序度(Φ=0.238),并表现出良好的取向稳定性,80℃条件下3h后依然有初始值的79%.     

Controlled modification of octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer by CO2 plasma

CO₂-plasma is used to introduce functional groups on the uppermost surface of an alkoxysilane self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The structural and chemical modifications of the material surface were monitored by X-ray reflectometry, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements. Optimization of the plasma parameters is performed in order to achieve a maximum functionalization and to prevent degradation of the SAM. Finally, the ability of grafting organic compounds onto the plasma modified SAMS was demonstrated by the formation of an alkoxysilane bilayer.     

Development of bioactive PMMA-based cement by modification with alkoxysilane and calcium salt

Poly (methyl methacylate) (PMMA) bone cement is one of the popular bone-repairing materials for fixation of artificial hip joints. Significant problems on the PMMA bone cement are caused by loosening at the interface between bone and the cement, since the cement does not show bone-bonding, i.e. bioactivity. Development of PMMA bone cement capable of bone-bonding has been therefore long desired. The prerequisite for an artificial material to show bone-bonding is the formation of a biologically active bone-like apatite layer on its surface when implanted in the body. The same type of apatite formation can be observed on bioactive materials even in a simulated body fluid (Kokubo solution) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. Fundamental researches for bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics revealed that the apatite deposition is initiated by release of Ca2+ ions from the material into the body fluid, and by catalytic effect of Si-OH groups formed on the surface of the material. These findings lead an idea that novel bioactive cement can be designed by incorporation of Si-OH groups and Ca2+ ion into PMMA bone cement. In the present study, PMMA bone cement is modified with 20 mass % of various kinds of alkoxysilanes and calcium salts, and its apatite-forming ability was evaluated in Kokubo solution. The apatite formation was observed on the surface of the modified cements containing 20 mass % of CaCl2, irrespective of the kind of the examined alkoxysilane. On the other hand, the apatite formation was observed on the cement containing CaCl2, Ca(CH3COO)2 or Ca(OH)2, but not on the cement containing CaCO3 or beta-Ca3(PO4)2, even when the cement contains 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS). The results indicate that modification with alkoxysilane and calcium salts showing high water-solubility is effective for providing PMMA bone cement with bioactivity.     

原位聚合合成纳米胶囊

含有羧酸盐亲水基团,端基为可水解缩合的硅氧烷基的预聚体作为疏水物质如甲苯的分散剂获得内含疏水物质,聚聚体为壳层的纳米胶囊,预聚体壳层中的硅氧烷烃水解缩合形成交联,气相色谱测定水解醇深度证明水解缩合在常温24h内完成,透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征了纳米胶囊的形态。     

One-pot synthesis and characterization of poly(alkoxysilane)s promoted by silver colloidal nanoparticles

Si-Si/Si-O dehydrocoupling of hydrosilanes with alcohols (1:1.5 mole ratio), catalyzed by AgNO3 which converted to Ag(0) colloidal nanoparticles, gave poly(alkoxysilane)s in one-pot in moderate to high yield. The hydrosilanes include p-X-C6H4SiH3 (X = H, CH3, OCH3, F), PhCH2SiH3, and (PhSiH2)2. The alcohols include MeOH, EtOH, (i)PrOH, PhOH, and CF3(CF2)2CH2OH. The weight average molecular weight and polydispersity of the poly(alkoxysilane)s were in the range of 1,600 approximately 8,000 Dalton and 1.4 approximately 3.5. The dehydrocoupling reactions of phenylsilane with ethanol (1:3 mole ratio) in the presence of the silver nanocolloid catalyst produced only triethoxyphenylsilane as product.     

Inorganic-organic hybrid nonlinear optical films containing thiophene-vinyl conjugated chromophore

A thiophene-vinyl conjugated FTC-type chromophore was synthesized and reacted with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane to form alkoxysilane dye. The structure of alkoxysilane dye was confirmed via elemental analysis, FTIR and ¹H NMR. Stable and transparent hybrid films were fabricated following sol-gel process of alkoxysilane dye and tetraethoxysilane. The second harmonic generation coefficients (d₃₃) of the hybrid films were measured via in situ second harmonic generation measurement. The d₃₃ value of hybrid films was calculated to be 43 pm V⁻¹ when the chromophore loading density was 20 mol%. Furthermore, the thermal stability of optical nonlinearity was also investigated through a depoling experiment, showing a half decay temperature of 165 °C.     

Acceleration of calcium phosphate formation on bioactive PMMA-based bone cement by controlling spatial design

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement is widely used for the fixation of artificial joints. However, it is not considered a bioactive material because it lacks the ability to induce a direct bond with bone. In order to improve the long-term stability of cemented fixations, the development of bioactive bone cements is desirable. An essential requirement of a bioactive material includes the induction of bone-like apatite on its surface within the in vivo environment. Previously, we prepared bioactive PMMA-based bone cements by a modification with water-soluble calcium salts and alkoxysilane. Because spatial design may enhance apatite formation on bioactive material surfaces in vivo, we aimed to evaluate the effect of spatial design on apatite formation on modified PMMA-based bone cements in simulated body fluid (SBF). We found that an appropriate spatial design shortened the induction period for the apatite deposition on the modified bone cements. It is expected that osteoconduction would be enhanced in spontaneously created gap between the cement and the host bone leading to tight integration.     

界面聚合法制备微胶囊相变材料的试验研究

以相变石蜡为芯材,廉价的聚脲和聚氨酯为壁材,采用界面聚合法制备了单层和双层壁材微胶囊相变材料,并用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和TG分析仪分别对所制备的单层壁材微胶囊和双层壁材微胶囊进行了测试.结果表明,与同条件下制备的单层壁材微胶囊相比,双层壁材微胶囊在合成过程中反应充分、产率较高,在室温环境下相变温度为19.02℃,且保持了较高的相变潜热(79.9J/g),适合于建筑用相变材料.     

LaMeAl11O19/YSZ热障涂层热力学性能和热循环寿命

LaMeAl₁₁O₁₉陶瓷具有独特的晶体结构, 优异的热力学性能, 低热导率, 高温相稳定性等特点, 是一类非常有应用前景的热障涂层(TBC)材料。本研究通过大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了LaMeAl₁₁O₁₉/YSZ (Me=Mg, Cu, Zn)双陶瓷层热障涂层。通过对涂层进行火焰热循环测试并结合扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等分析技术对涂层进行失效分析。结果表明, LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ (LMA)、LaZnAl₁₁O₁₉ (LZA)和LaCuAl₁₁O₁₉ (LCA)粉末在等离子喷涂过程中发生了分解, 导致三种涂层中磁铅石相含量的差异, 从而影响三种涂层的热循环寿命。由于LaMeAl₁₁O₁₉层与YSZ层的热膨胀系数不匹配以及非晶相重结晶产生的体积收缩, LaMeAl₁₁O₁₉层从YSZ层上剥落。YSZ层暴露在高温下, 加速了烧结和TGO的生长, 又促进了YSZ层剥落。低温下, LaMeAl₁₁O₁₉的热导率随着Me原子序数增加而降低; 高温下, 与LMA和LZA相比, LCA涂层红外发射率最高(0.88, 600 ℃), 削弱了光子传导对热导率的贡献, 导致热导率降低, LCA在高温红外辐射涂层中具有潜在的应用价值。     

Particle-assisted Ga(x)In(1-x)P nanowire growth for designed bandgap structures

Non-tapered vertically straight Ga(x)In(1-x)P nanowires were grown in a compositional range from Ga(0.2)In(0.8)P to pure GaP in particle-assisted mode by controlling the trimethylindium, trimethylgallium and hydrogen chloride flows in metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy in transmission electron microscopy revealed homogeneous radial material composition in single nanowires, whereas variations in the material composition were found along the nanowires. High-resolution x-ray diffraction indicates a variation of the material composition on the order of about 19% measuring an entire sample area, i.e., including edge effects during growth. The non-capped nanowires emit room temperature photoluminescence strongly in the energy range of 1.43-2.16 eV, correlated with the bandgap expected from the material composition.