水厂突发毒死蜱污染的应急处理工艺研究

针对受毒死蜱污染的原水,通过小试研究了粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附强化聚合氯化铝混凝工艺对毒死蜱的去除效果。结果表明,单独投加8mg/L聚合氯化铝和0.05mg/LPAM难以将毒死蜱浓度降低至《生活饮用水卫生标准》的限值(0.03mg/L)要求,需要采用PAC吸附与混凝沉淀联用工艺。当原水毒死蜱浓度超标5,10,20,30,40和50倍时,所对应的粉末活性炭最佳投加量分别为20,30,30,40,40和50mg/L,出水浓度均小于0.03mg/L。PAC吸附强化工艺聚合氯化铝混凝工艺可有效应对原水的毒死蜱污染,保障供水安全。     

混凝沉淀/PAC吸附/超滤工艺处理引黄水库冬季原水

采用混凝沉淀/粉末活性炭吸附/超滤工艺(简称PAC-UF工艺)处理黄河下游引黄水库冬季原水,中试结果表明:当处理冬季低温低浊水时,聚合氯化铝的最佳投量为6 mg/L,粉末活性炭的最佳投量为20 mg/L;PAC-UF工艺可以将出水的浊度控制在0.1 NTU以下,去除率达98%以上;投加20 mg/L的粉末活性炭能使混凝沉淀/UF工艺对COD_(Mn)和UV_(254)的平均去除率分别提高12%和15%;同时,投加粉末活性炭还能够缓解超滤膜的不可逆污染,但缓解的程度有限.     

混凝对微囊藻毒素的去除效果及机理研究

采用静态试验研究了混凝工艺对水源水中的细胞内和溶解性（细胞外）微囊藻毒素的去除效果，并初步探讨了其去除机理。试验结果表明，混凝剂投加量为25mg／L时，将原水pH值调节到5．5～6．0可有效地去除水中的细胞内微囊藻毒素，去除率可达97．4％；投加10mg／L的粉末活性炭对致嗅物质有一定的吸附效果。强化混凝工艺可显著提高对溶解性微囊藻毒素的去除效果，对MC-RR和MC-LR的去除率均达到60％～70％，原因为强化混凝工艺强化了对小分子弱疏水性有机物的去除效果。     

微污染水源水中稳定性锰的应急处理

针对低浊、低pH值下高稳定性铁锰的特殊水质情况,开展了强化去除水中稳定性锰的应急处理试验。结果表明,对于高稳定性铁锰的微污染地表水,通过投加石灰调节原水的pH值7.3-7.4,可明显改善混凝工艺对锰的去除效果,稳定性锰的去除率提高了10%;投加黄泥调节原水的浊度至15NTU时,稳定性锰的去除率提高了11.4%;同时投加石灰、黄泥和二氧化氯预氧化的生产试验表明,当原水的锰含量为0.4mg/L时,能够保证滤后出水锰低于检测限。     

高锰酸钾与粉末活性炭联用去除水源水中臭味的研究

在静态试验和中试试验条件下,研究了高锰酸钾和粉末活性炭联用对臭味的去除效果。结果表明,高锰酸钾与粉末活性炭联用,对臭味的去除效果优于单独投加高锰酸钾或粉末活性炭;高锰酸钾与粉末活性炭同时投加或间隔投加,对臭味的去除效果无明显差异;在给水工艺投加量条件下,高锰酸钾与粉末活性炭联投,可有效避免沉后水的异色和锰含量超标;同时投加高锰酸钾0.5mg/L和粉末活性炭20mg/L,预处理20-30min后再混凝沉淀,对臭味强度等级为4的试验原水处理效果良好,沉后水的臭味强度等级降至0-1;同时投加高锰酸钾1.0mg/L和粉末活性炭30mg/L,预处理30min后再混凝沉淀和砂滤,对具有极强烈恶臭（臭味强度等级≥5）的试验原水处理效果良好,沉后水臭味强度等级降至1-2,滤后水臭味强度等级降至0-1。     

沉淀-混凝-微滤组合工艺处理含锡废水

采用沉淀-混凝法和沉淀-混凝-微滤组合工艺处理含锡废水,分析两种方法对锡的去除效果和膜污染情况。试验结果表明,采用沉淀-混凝法除锡基本可以满足《锡、锑、汞工业污染物排放标准》(GB 30770—2014)的要求;当原水p H值约为3.0、锡浓度为17.7 mg/L、Na2CO3投加量为90 mg/L、三氯化铁投加量为2.90 mg/L(以Fe计)时,沉淀-混凝-微滤组合工艺对锡的去除率高达99.97%,并且该工艺膜污染速率缓慢,经过物理清洗后膜通量恢复率为92.2%。     

预投加高铁酸盐强化混凝去除原水中的铅、镉

采用烧杯试验考察了预投加高铁酸盐强化混凝去除原水中铅、镉的效果。结果表明，高铁酸盐投量为5mg／L时混凝沉淀对铅、镉的去除率分别约为93％和80％；投加高铁酸盐的预处理对铅、镉的去除效果优于三价铁盐的；对铅、镉的去除率随pH值的升高而提高，高铁酸盐在较宽的pH值范围内对铅、镉均有较好的去除效果；对镉的去除较铅困难，适当提高pH值可强化高铁酸盐对镉的去除效果。     

粉末活性炭吸附水中四氯化碳试验研究

采用粉末活性炭吸附去除水中四氯化碳,考察了活性炭投加量、吸附时间、温度等因素对去除效果的影响.结果表明,该吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附等温线模式,以物理吸附为主,并且在纯水中的吸附容量大于原水;在15-25℃內,温度对吸附效果的影响不大,但去除率随吸附时间的延长而升高;投加80 mg/L粉末活性炭吸附120 m...     

强化混凝-沉淀-砂滤工艺去除海水中藻类的试验研究

通过考察强化混凝中混凝剂种类及投加量、氧化性助凝剂种类及投加量、氧化时间、pH以及水力条件等因素对海水中Chl-a、CODMn去除效果的影响,确定了试验参数,并后续加入砂滤工艺考察其除藻效果.结果表明:在调节海水pH值为5～6,选用3 mg/L高锰酸钾预氧化30min后,投加混凝剂聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)对Chl-a和CODMn均有较佳的去除效果.强化混凝-沉淀-砂滤工艺对Chl-a平均去除率可以达到80%以上,对CODMn去除率在50%左右,对浊度的去除率大干97%.     

沉淀——超滤组合工艺处理微污染黄河水的中试研究

采用沉淀-超滤组合工艺,以黄河微污染水源水作为原水进行了试验研究,并与水厂常规工艺进行了对比.试验结果表明,沉淀-超滤组合工艺运行稳定后,对浊度的去除效果非常显著,出水浊度为0.07～0.09 NTU;对藻类有显著的去除效果,出水中未检测出藻类;在高密度沉淀池投加3 mg/L粉末活性炭后,组合工艺能有效去除CODMn,出水CODMn≤3 mg/L;高密度沉淀池对氨氮的去除率为30%,组合工艺总去除率为54%;在未投加任何消毒剂的情况下,工艺出水细菌基本为零,能保证很高的微生物安全性.     

高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭联用去除原水中的嗅味

针对常规处理工艺难以解决东江原水发臭的问题,考察了高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭联用技术对水中嗅味的去除效果。结果表明,高锰酸钾一粉末活性炭联用对水中嗅味具有较好的去除效果,当氧化吸附时间为30min,高锰酸钾投加量为1．5mg/L,粉末活性炭投加量为40mg／L时,经混凝沉淀后水中的嗅味可由5级降至0级。此外,高锰酸钾和粉末活性炭联用对水中的有机物、浊度及锰也有明显的去除效果。     

Removal of organic micropollutants by coagulation and adsorption

The factors which affect removal of organic micropollutants by coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and activated carbon adsorption will be reviewed. Removal of specific compounds by coagulation, sedimentation and filtration is often slight, unless the pollutants adsorb on particles or associate with humic substances which are then coagulated. By comparison, removal of humic substances by these processes can be substantial, depending upon the water chemistry and the process conditions. Activated carbon may be applied in both the powdered (PAC) and granular (GAC) form. PAC and GAC have been used successfully throughout the world to remove odorous compounds. PAC has been used to a much smaller extent for removal of other micropollutants, but there is much potential for improvement of the application procedure so that good results can be achieved. GAC is widely used to remove micropollutants other than odor in Europe but has not been extensively used for this purpose in North America. The compounds which can be removed by GAC are presented and process monitoring procedures are discussed. Factors which limit its use include incomplete knowledge about which compounds must be removed and what effluent concentrations are acceptable.     

Adsorption of non-ionic surfactants on activated carbon and mineral clay

A series of non-ionic surfactants of nonyl-phenol ethoxylates, with n = 4?23;0 ethylene oxide groups and dinonyl-phenol ethoxylate were studied in dilute aqueous solution. Their removal efficiencies and mechanisms by adsorption on powdered and granular activated carbon and on Na-montmorillonite clay were investigated. The powdered activated carbon proved to be the most efficient with 94–100% non-ionic surfactants removal by addition of 40–80 mg activated carbon.Various models of adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir, BET and S-type were used to determine Q⁴, the limiting adsorption capacity. The relationships between Q^o and parameters affecting the adsorption of non-ionic surfactants such as n, HLB and CMC were determined. The cross-sectional area σ₀ occupied by surfactant molecules on the adsorbent was calculated. Adsorption has been proven to be a potential advanced physicochemical treatment method for the effective removal of non-ionic surfactants present in effluents intended for reuse.     

橡胶工业废水深度处理的试验研究

以齐鲁石化橡胶厂排放的丁苯废水和顺丁废水的对象，对橡胶工业废水深度的可行性进行了试验研究，并对两个处理方案进行了经济分析。结果表明，橡胶废水以混凝土沉淀、活性炭吸附和反渗透除盐进行深度处理在技术上可行，并具有一定的经济效益。     

臭氧-活性炭深度处理水厂工程介绍

臭氧-活性炭深度处理工艺由于具有臭氧氧化、活性炭吸附、生物降解和臭氧消毒等多种功能,目前在水厂中的应用越来越多。分别从取水泵房、网格絮凝池、平流沉淀池、V形砂滤池、臭氧接触池、活性炭滤池和消毒接触池等方面对臭氧-活性炭深度处理水厂进行工程介绍,分析了其水厂的建设特点、工艺流程、主要工艺参数,以及臭氧-活性炭深度处理工艺的应用前景。     

强化常规工艺对苯酚污染的应急处理技术研究

分析了苯酚去除技术的优缺点,在综合考虑水厂现有条件及可操作性的情况下,分别采用水厂常规工艺及相关强化技术在去除苯酚方面进行了对比试验研究.试验结果表明:常规工艺去除苯酚的能力有限,而同时增加粉末活性炭吸附和高锰酸钾复合药剂氧化,可大大增强常规工艺对苯酚的去除效果,苯酚去除率高达99.85%.当苯酚含量为0.068 3 mg/L时,投加30 mg/L粉末活性炭和4 mg/L高锰酸钾复合药剂,就可保证砂滤出水苯酚含量达标(<0.002 mg/L).     

O3／BAC工艺中溴酸盐的控制

通过试验考察了活性炭、陶粒以及挂膜陶粒对溴酸盐的去除效果,分析了微生物对溴酸盐的降解作用。结果表明,在滤池以及生物活性炭滤池内成熟的微生物膜对溴酸盐有降解能力,溴酸盐去除量与水力接触时间的关系为9．16μg（L·h）。在活性炭（GAC）吸附以及微生物降解协同作用下,可以在不增加运行成本的基础上稳定、有效地控制溴酸盐。     

Adsorption of microcystin-LR by activated carbon and removal in full scale water treatment

Removal of microcystin toxins from drinking water was evaluated at two full scale treatment plants that employed coagulation-sedimentation, dual media filtration and chlorination combined with either granular activated carbon filtration or powdered activated carbon. The influence of natural organic matter on the adsorption of the cyanobacterial toxin, microcystin-LR, by activatedcarbon was also evaluated in laboratory studies over a range of toxin concentrations similar to those typically observed in raw water at these plants. The sensitive protein phosphatase inhibition bioassay was used to quantify microcystin. Conventional treatment processes combined with activated carbon generally removed more than 80% of microcystin from raw water, but a residual concentration of 0.1-0.5 μg equivalents of microcystin-LR per liter was observed considering both (GAC and PAC) treatment facilities. Most values of residual microcystin-LR were at the low end of this range, but the upper end approaches the guidance level being considered by Health Canada for these toxins in drinking water     

稠油废水深度处理的试验研究

以新疆油田采油一厂稠油处理站的稠油废水为对象，进行了深度处理及回用技术的可行性研究。结果表明，在加强除油效果的前提下，以混凝沉淀、活性炭吸附、电渗析除盐进行处理回用在技术上是可行的，并具有显著的经济效益。     

Molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres enhanced biodegradation of bisphenol A by acclimated activated sludge

The impacts of bisphenol A− imprinted polymeric microspheres (MIPMs) on the biodegradation of bisphenlol A by acclimated activated sludge were studied. Due to the selective adsorption of MIPMs to bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues, addition of MIPMs to activated sludge increased levels of BPA and its metabolites, which were also the substrates of biodegradation. Higher substrates (BPA and its metabolites) level promoted biodegradation efficiencies of activated sludge via accelerating removal speed of BPA and its metabolites, increasing degradation rate and decreasing half-lives of biodegradation. The enhancement of MIPMs in degradation efficiencies was more significant in environmental water containing low-level of pollutants, and water containing interferences such as heavy metals and humic acid. Furthermore, MIPMs were more suitable than non-selective sorbents such as active carbon to be used as enhancer for BPA biodegradation. MIPMs combined with activated sludge are simple, effective, environmental-friendly processes to biodegrade low-level pollutants in environmental water.