半导体材料中自旋极化的光学注入与探测

综述了自旋电子学的一些新进展,重点介绍了自旋极化的光学注入、弛豫机制和光学探测等方面的内容,并涉及到与自旋有关的自旋霍尔效应(SHE)和纯自旋流等物理效应.     

物理所等在Pt薄膜磁近邻效应研究中取得新进展

<正>自旋电子学的发展依赖于对电子自旋状态进行有效调控。除传统的磁场调控手段外,自旋极化电流、自旋流产生的自旋转移力矩效应是对自旋电子材料的自旋动力学行为进行调控的重要手段,尤其是后者,因为不产生焦耳热,是发展未来自旋电子器件的关键技术之一。纯自旋流无法直接通过电测量方式探测,但在非磁材料中的纯自旋流由于自旋-轨道作用,在垂直于自旋     

（英）嵌有两个量子点的三终端量子环中的横向自旋流

从理论上研究了一个上臂与下臂各嵌有一个量子点的三终端三臂量子环中的自旋极化的电子输运性质.考虑了两个量子点中的库仑互作用并假设在某一个环臂中存在Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用.利用非平衡态格林函数方法,发现不需要借助任何磁场与磁性物质Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用导致的量子干涉效应就可以从器件中驱动出一个自旋流.适当调节外加偏压、Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用强度以及量子点能级等系统参数时器件中甚至还可以产生完全自旋极化电流或纯自旋流.另外,还讨论了系统参数对自旋流大小、符号、自旋极化度以及峰值的影响.     

Al_xGa_(1-x)N/GaN异质结构中二维电子气的自旋性质

Ⅲ族氮化物材料有很长的电子自旋弛豫时间以及很高的居里温度,成为近年来半导体自旋电子学研究的重要材料体系之一。介绍了目前两种最主要的研究AlxGa1-xN/GaN异质结构中二维电子气(2DEG)自旋性质的物理效应:磁电阻的舒伯尼科夫-德哈斯拍频振荡和弱反局域效应,回顾了AlxGa1-xN/GaN异质结构中2DEG自旋性质的研究进展。AlxGa1-xN/GaN异质结构材料中有很强的极化电场,诱导产生很高浓度的2DEG,能够产生相当大能量的自旋分裂,并且这种自旋分裂可以被栅压所调控,因此在自旋场效应晶体管方面有很好的应用前景。然而要实现GaN基自旋电子学器件的应用,GaN中自旋注入效率是目前所面临的问题。     

含Rashba自旋轨道耦合二维电子气结构中电子反常位移及自旋分离

研究了含Rashba自旋轨道耦合的磁电调制半导体二维电子气中弹道电子的反常位移 （Goos-H?nchen位移,即GH位移）。计算中发现,通过调节结构的各个参数包括入射角、磁场强度和Rashba自旋轨道耦合系数,可以有效地调控GH位移,并且在一定条件下可以为负。电子的GH位移和自旋极化态有密切关系,这个自旋相关的位移可以用来分离不同自旋极化的电子束。基于这种现象,提出了一种利用GH位移在半导体2DEG中分离不同自旋极化电子的方法。     

基于超快电子自旋动力学的太赫兹辐射研究进展

回顾了近年来利用超快自旋动力学过程产生太赫兹(THz)辐射的研究进展。介绍了基于逆自旋霍尔效应和逆Rashba-Edelstein效应的瞬态自旋流-电荷流转换,指出铁磁/非磁性异质结构已被用于设计低成本、高效率的THz辐射源。通过优化膜厚、生长条件、衬底和结构,可进一步提高基于自旋电子学的THz发射器的效率和带宽。简述了THz发射光谱在研究超快自旋泽贝克效应形成动力学中的应用。     

SiGe/Ge/SiGe异质结构中自旋极化输运特性的模拟

利用蒙特卡罗方法对SiGe/Ge/SiGe异质结构的自旋极化输运特性进行了模拟研究．在Ge沟道调制掺杂异质结构形成的二维空穴气中,空穴的自旋进动主要受Rashba自旋轨道相互作用控制．在77～300K的温度范围内,对自旋散射长度、自旋极化率等自旋极化输运特性进行了研究．模拟结果显示,低温和窄宽度沟道有利于减小散射对自旋极化输运的影响,避免自旋极化率衰减,增大自旋散射长度．栅控的漏端电流自旋相关效应使器件跨导增大,并产生负跨导效应．     

SiGe/Ge/SiGe异质结构中自旋极化输运特性的模拟

利用蒙特卡罗方法对SiGe/Ge/SiGe异质结构的自旋极化输运特性进行了模拟研究.在Ge沟道调制掺杂异质结构形成的二维空穴气中,空穴的自旋进动主要受Rashba自旋轨道相互作用控制.在77～300K的温度范围内,对自旋散射长度、自旋极化率等自旋极化输运特性进行了研究.模拟结果显示,低温和窄宽度沟道有利于减小散射对自旋极化输运的影响,避免自旋极化率衰减,增大自旋散射长度.栅控的漏端电流自旋相关效应使器件跨导增大,并产生负跨导效应.     

光致规范场下的冷原子及自旋量子霍尔效应

讨论了冷原子与激光场的互作用系统,对于碱金属原子例如6Li与激光场互作用系统,通过恰当的光场参数配置,构造出具二重兼并的能量本征态,可以分别定义两个简并态为自旋向上及自旋向下态,类似于自旋二分量体系,进一步研究发现,不同自旋态将感受到自旋相关的光致规范场.当原子在设定的空间分布激光场中运动时,其所感受到的有效自旋相关规范场将导致自旋霍尔效应,并产生可观测的自旋霍尔流.     

GeTe中铁电极化对自旋霍尔电导的调控研究

利用电场控制电荷的自旋流与电流相互转换是自旋电子器件的关键所在,而这种控制机制在铁电半导体GeTe中可以得到实现,因为其铁电极化可以改变自身的自旋织构。基于密度泛函理论计算,我们发现可以通过铁电极化可以进一步调节自旋霍尔电导(spinHallconductivity,简记为SHC),通过计算得到自旋霍尔电导的一个分量σxyz在带边缘附近可以达到100?/e(?cm)-1的量级,其主要原因在于电极化改变了能带结构。该研究工作为可控的自旋输运的实验和理论研究具有重要的价值,必将推动自旋电子学的进一步发展。     

自旋电子学和自旋电子器件

自旋电子学是近年来发展起来的微电子学和磁学的交叉学科,主要研究自旋极化电流的注入、控制和检测。本文介绍了自旋电子学和器件的研究进展,着重讨论了自旋注入和检测的问题,分析了自旋电子器件研究的核心问题和难点。自旋电子学的研究有着重要的理论意义,自旋器件在信息科学领域也具有十分广阔的应用前景。     

半导体自旋电子学的研究与应用进展

自旋电子学是一门最新发展起来的涉及磁学、电子学以及信息学的交叉学科.自旋电子器件与普通半导体电子器件相比具有不挥发、低功耗和高集成度等优点.本文介绍了半导体自旋电子学的研究对象和内容,主要包括磁性半导体、自旋注入、自旋探测以及自旋输运等.本文综述了半导体自旋电子学目前的研究进展及其在自旋电子器件和量子信息处理中的应用.     

自旋电子学、自旋电子器件及GaAs中电子自旋弛豫研究

评述了自旋电子学及自旋电子器件的发展,自旋电子器件的应用,半导体自旋电子学的研究内容及目前的研究现状．给出了我们的有关GaAs中电子自旋偏振与相干弛豫的研究结果．     

Spin‐Torque Manipulation for Hydrogen Sensing

External manipulation of spin‐orbit torques (SOTs) promises not only energy‐efficient spin‐orbitronic devices but also versatile applications of spin‐based technologies in diverse fields. However, the external electric‐field control, widely used in semiconductor spintronics, is known to be ineffective in conventional metallic spin‐orbitronic devices due to the very short screening length. Here, an alternative approach to control the SOTs by using gases is shown. It is demonstrated that the spin‐torque generation efficiency of a Pd/Ni₈₁Fe₁₉ bilayer can be reversibly manipulated by the absorption and desorption of H₂ gas, which appears concomitantly with the change of the electrical resistance. It is found that compared with the change of the Pd resistance induced by the H₂ absorption, the change of the spin‐torque generation efficiency is almost an order of magnitude larger. This result provides a new method to externally manipulate the SOTs and paves a way for developing more sensitive hydrogen sensors based on the spin‐orbitronic technology.     

Hybrid Interface States and Spin Polarization at Ferromagnetic Metal–Organic Heterojunctions: Interface Engineering for Efficient Spin Injection in Organic Spintronics

Ferromagnetic metal–organic semiconductor (FM‐OSC) hybrid interfaces have been shown to play an important role for spin injection in organic spintronics. Here, 11,11,12,12‐tetracyanonaptho‐2,6‐quinodimethane (TNAP) is introduced as an interfacial layer in Co‐OSCs heterojunctions with an aim to tune the spin injection. The Co/TNAP interface is investigated by use of X‐ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS), near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). Hybrid interface states (HIS) are observed at Co/TNAP interfaces, resulting from chemical interactions between Co and TNAP. The energy level alignment at the Co/TNAP/OSCs interface is also obtained, and a reduction of the hole injection barrier is demonstrated. XMCD results confirm sizeable spin polarization at the Co/TNAP hybrid interface.     

Spin Filtering through Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Single‐Stranded DNA

High spin polarization materials or spin filters are key components in spintronics, a niche subfield of electronics where carrier spins play a functional role. Carrier transmission through these materials is “spin selective,” that is, these materials are able to discriminate between “up” and “down” spins. Common spin filters include transition metal ferromagnets and their alloys, with typical spin selectivity (or, polarization) of ≈50% or less. Here carrier transport is considered in an archetypical one‐dimensional molecular hybrid in which a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is wrapped around by single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA). By magnetoresistance measurements it is shown that this system can act as a spin filter with maximum spin polarization approaching ≈74% at low temperatures, significantly larger than transition metals under comparable conditions. Inversion asymmetric helicoidal potential of the charged ssDNA backbone induces a Rashba spin‐orbit interaction in the SWCNT channel and polarizes carrier spins. The results are consistent with recent theoretical work that predicted spin dependent conductance in ssDNA‐SWCNT hybrid. Ability to generate highly spin polarized carriers using molecular functionalization can lead to magnet‐less and contact‐less spintronic devices in the future. This can eliminate the conductivity mismatch problem and open new directions for research in organic spintronics.     

基于自旋电子学的太赫兹波产生方法

自旋电子学的某些物理现象,如交换型磁振子、反铁磁共振、超快自旋动力学等,其特征频率刚好处于太赫兹频段。利用相应的自旋电子学现象和原理,研究人员发现和建立了若干新型的太赫兹波产生方法,为新型太赫兹源的实现和发展提供指导方向。这些新型产生方法有:a)自旋注入产生太赫兹波;b)基于反铁磁共振的太赫兹波产生;c)基于超快自旋动力学的太赫兹波产生。理论及实验结果表明,基于自旋电子学的太赫兹产生方法具有较大的潜力,有望推动太赫兹技术的发展。     

有机无机杂化钙钛矿半导体中光激发态自旋的光学探测

概述三维与二维钙钛矿材料(HOP)电子自旋光学响应的基本过程、电子态自旋寿命的光学测量方法和结果,并对已知自旋寿命的影响因素进行分析,讨论进一步研究钙钛矿在自旋阀、自旋输运、量子计算、偏振发光二极管等基于钙钛矿中自旋特性的应用中的前景。     

Strong Damping‐Like Spin‐Orbit Torque and Tunable Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction Generated by Low‐Resistivity Pd1−xPtx Alloys

Despite their great promise for providing a pathway for very efficient and fast manipulation of magnetization, spin‐orbit torque (SOT) operations are currently energy inefficient due to a low damping‐like SOT efficiency per unit current bias, and/or the very high resistivity of the spin Hall materials. This work reports an advantageous spin Hall material, Pd_1?xPt_x, which combines a low resistivity with a giant spin Hall effect as evidenced with three independent SOT ferromagnetic detectors. The optimal Pd_0.25Pt_0.75 alloy has a giant internal spin Hall ratio of >0.60 (damping‐like SOT efficiency of ≈0.26 for all three ferromagnets) and a low resistivity of ≈57.5 µΩ cm at a 4 nm thickness. Moreover, it is found that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), the key ingredient for the manipulation of chiral spin arrangements (e.g., magnetic skyrmions and chiral domain walls), is considerably strong at the Pd_1?xPt_x/Fe_0.6Co_0.2B_0.2 interface when compared to that at Ta/Fe_0.6Co_0.2B_0.2 or W/Fe_0.6Co_0.2B_0.2 interfaces and can be tuned by a factor of 5 through control of the interfacial spin‐orbital coupling via the heavy metal composition. This work establishes a very effective spin current generator that combines a notably high energy efficiency with a very strong and tunable DMI for advanced chiral spintronics and spin torque applications.