浸锌合金过程参数测定

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试片表面浸锌后质量优秀与低劣的锌合金层的微观形貌进行了比较,观察了不同浸锌时间及温度所对应的锌合金层的微观形貌,利用能谱仪(EDS)定量测定了锌合金层组成成分,利用X射线荧光能谱(XRF)定量测定了不同浸锌时间的锌合金层组成成分及膜厚.研究了锌舍金层表面明度、电位、膜重随浸锌时间的变化,膜重随浸锌温度的变化及浸锌后的试片在3.5%NaCl溶液中塔菲尔极化曲线,定性测定了试片浸锌后镀层的结合力.结果表明:锌合金层质量的好坏直接关系到镀层与基体的结合力,在浸锌合金过程中适合的参数可以间接表征锌合金层的质量.     

AZ31镁合金电镀前处理工艺研究

采用扫描电子显微分析、失重实验等手段和方法探讨AZ31镁合金电镀前处理工艺。结果表明,采用CrO₃+Fe(NO₃)₃+KF酸洗后试样表面光亮,基本无失重;采用H₃PO₄+NH4HF活化,可有效去除试样表层氧化物,增强基体和浸锌层的结合力;采用硫酸盐浸锌工艺可获得致密的浸锌层。通过分析温度、电流密度、pH值对浸锌层的影响规律,获得了最佳的浸锌工艺：30g/L ZnSO_4?7H₂O, 150 g/L K₄P₂O₇10H₂O,7 g/L KF, 5g/L Na₂CO₃, 温度70℃～75℃, pH=10.2～10.4 ,浸锌时间10 min。在此前处理基础上电镀锌,镀层和基体结合力较好。     

Zr-8.8Al合金化学镀前浸锌处理工艺研究

采用浸锌法对Zr-8.8Al合金进行了化学镀前处理,研究了浸锌液配方及工艺对化学镀Ni-P镀层显微结构、显微硬度、抗蚀性的影响规律。结果表明,室温下二次浸锌处理90 s浸锌层均匀致密;浸锌后进行化学镀处理获得的Ni-P镀层为非晶结构,胞状结构,与基体结合良好。与裸材相比,室温下浸锌液为:Zn SO4 280 g/L、Na OH 20 g/L、Na NO42 g/L、KNa C4H4O6 20 g/L,一次浸锌处理60 s,二次浸锌30 s获得的Ni-P镀层显微硬度提高了80%,在3.5%Na Cl(质量分数)溶液中自腐蚀电位发生正移,极化腐蚀后镀层较完整,保护性较优。     

一种铝硅合金浸锌溶液用稳定剂的优选

利用CHI630电化学分析测试仪研究了在浸锌溶液中加入不同稳定剂及不同含量的最优稳定剂后试片在浸锌过程中的活化电位随浸锌时间的变化曲线和浸锌后的试片在3.5％NaCl溶液中的极化曲线.结果表明,稳定剂可以提高浸锌后试片的稳定电位,提高浸锌层在3.5% NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性.稳定剂A是较适宜的浸锌溶液中的稳定剂,其适宜的用量为0.05 g/L～0.1 g/L.利用SEM、EDS对浸锌层、化学镀NiP层的形貌和成分进行了分析,镀层结合力合格,并初步探讨了浸锌溶液中稳定剂的作用机理.      

铝及其合金浸锌溶液用表面活性剂的优选

利用CHI630电化学分析测试仪测试了在浸锌溶液中加入不同表面活性剂及加入不同含量的最优表面活性剂后试片活化电位随浸锌时间的变化曲线和浸锌后的试片在3.5％NaCl溶液中的极化曲线,对其耐蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,表面活性剂可以提高浸锌后试片的稳定电位,提高浸锌层在3.5％NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性;并确定了表面活性剂A是较适宜的浸锌溶液中的表面活性剂,其最佳用量为0.1 g/L～0.15 g/L.同时,利用SEM、EDS对浸锌层、断面、镀镍层的形貌和成分进行了分析.镀层结合力合格.     

浸锌液中甘油对提高铝浸锌层上电镀层结合力的作用

考虑到甘油的保湿作用,提出在浸锌液中添加甘油,以期改善铝合金大工件浸锌后时而出现的上部镀层结合力不良的现象。利用pH试纸液痕法、时间-电位曲线测试及热震-划格法,分别研究了采用加入不同浓度甘油的浸锌液一次浸锌后,铝试片上滞留液膜的分布、浸锌层的稳定电位变化及后续镀层结合力。结果表明:加入甘油后,浸锌液膜分布均匀,甘油质量浓度为20g/L时可有效防止浸锌层上部因液膜干燥而被氧化,从而保证后续镀镍层的结合力。     

铝硅合金压铸件浸锌对化学镀Ni-P层的影响

从锌合金层的微观形貌、组成、厚度、耐蚀性等以及化学镀Ni-P层的微观形貌、成分、相结构、孔隙率、耐蚀性、结合力等方面研究了浸锌层对化学镀Ni-P ?层的影响.结果表明,浸锌层对铝硅合金压铸件基体与化学镀层的结合起重要作用,浸锌层厚度薄且致密、均匀;后续的化学镀Ni ?合金层也细致均匀,结合力好,耐蚀性强.     

前处理工艺对AZ31镁合金浸锌层性能的影响

浸锌是镁合金电镀与化学镀之前的重要工艺,浸锌层的质量直接影响电镀层或化学镀层的性能。本工作采用扫描电镜(SEM)、动电位极化曲线等方法研究了酸洗和活化工艺对镁合金浸锌层质量的影响。结果表明,最优的酸洗工艺为:30ml/L 65%HNO3+0.5g/L硫脲,室温,时间20s;最优的活化工艺为:375ml/L HF(40%),室温,时间10min;经优化工艺前处理浸锌后能够得到晶粒细小均匀的浸锌层,而且浸锌层与基体结合良好,耐蚀性优良。     

锌及锌合金的无氰电镀

对受力不大和形状复杂的结构件和装饰件广泛采用锌合金压铸件,并且镀以铜/镍/铬多层防护装饰性镀层.我厂某产品需要在镀锌15～20μ以后镀铜15～20μ,这实际上也就是一个锌上铜镀的问本文试图通过铁丝弹簧无氰镀锌 镀铜的生产实际来说明锌及锌合金无氰电镀的一般规律性.锌及锌合金装饰性电题.镀时一般在镀镍镀铬之前先复盖一层铜作中间层,而锌上镀铜的关键则在于镀铜前的予处理.本文作重阐述锌上镀铜予处理的原理与工艺.     

你问我答

怎样在铝上浸锌镍合金及镀硬铬?答:铝及铝合金制件经碱蚀和酸洗出光后,就可以进行浸锌-镍合金(二次法)处理。其合金液组成及工艺条件为:120g/L氢氧化钠,40g/L硫酸锌,40g/L酒石酸钾钠,30g/L硫酸镍,5g/L硫酸铜,10g/L氰化钾,2g/L三氯化铁。第一次浸锌-镍合金(时间40～60s)后,在1∶1硝     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.