基于向量空间模型的并行信息检索算法

基于向量空间模型的信息检索技术是较为成熟且应用广泛的信息检索技术，该技术将文档和查询信息均用向量空间表示，查询匹配问题转化为向量空间的矢量匹配问题，文档与查询的相似度可用向量之间的夹角来度量．信息检索速度是衡量信息检索技术好坏的重要指标，基于向量空间模型的信息检索之串行算法的计算复杂度为θ（n^3），本文提出了一种在Hypercube SIMD模型上的并行算法，其时间计算复杂度为θ（nlogn），该算法与传统的串行算法相比，能显著地提高查询速度．     

基于语义的查询扩展研究

用户查询与文档之间语义匹配但词法不匹配现象是影响信息检索效果的重要原因之一.本文提出了一种基于本体的信息检索查询扩展方法,这种方法中,通过建立本体模型并计算本体中概念间的语义相似度来确定扩展查询词.此外,本文还给出了组合向量空间模型,作为引入查询扩展后的查询结果相关度评价方法.     

近似网页的一种检测算法

用户进行Web信息检索时，网络往往返回大量的近似网页（可看作重复网页）。针对搜索引擎查询Web信息所存在的局限性，考虑到基于关键词匹配的搜索引擎系统的特点，结合使用网页的向量空间模型，采用以下算法快速、有效地发现WWW上的重复或相似网页，提高检索效率。     

文本相似度计算的一种新方法

1 引言目前信息检索技术已应用于许多领域,尤其广泛应用在Internet网络、图书馆等领域,为快速查阅文本信息提供极大便利。文本信息检索利用文本相似度描述文本与查询式之间的匹配程度。计算文本相似度的传统方法有向量空间模型,它把文本和查询式表示成以词为元素单位的向量,根据词频tf以及逆文本频率idf,赋予该向量各个分量的权值,与欧氏空间的向量1-1对应,用向量夹角的余弦值定量表示文本和查询式之间的相似度,即     

一种基于最大权匹配计算的信息检索方法

基于《知网》的词汇语义计算方法,提出了一种基于向量空间模型的文本信息检索新方法。方法的基本技术思想是通过计算关键词的语义相似度,并采用最大权匹配方法来计算查询向量和文本向量的相似度,作为相关文本的检索依据。该方法基于全局最优,使文本和查询向量中各词条的相似度总和最大,从而可以从整体上提高文本信息检索的准确率。论文还通过原型实验对该方法的有效性进行了验证。     

基于改进VSM的文本信息检索研究

网络信息的激增和多样化给有效的信息检索带来了种种困难,目前的检索工具忽视了很多文本中所隐含的语义信息,从而导致检索时效率低下,很难满足用户的查询要求.提出了一种基于向量空间模型改进的文本信息检索方法.把本体技术引入到传统的文本信息检索系统中,利用领域本体中概念相似度计算对向量空间模型进行改进,从而实现一个高效的文本检索系统,并简述了系统的模型.实例证明,该方法可以很好地提高文本信息检索的查全率和查准率.     

基于空间向量模型的网络信息检索系统设计

为提高网络信息检索系统的查全率和查准率,引入空间向量模型设计网络信息检索系统。首先,基于网络信息检索系统结构基本框架采集和预处理网络信息文档。其次,引入空间向量模型计算文本段与查询式相似度。再次,根据相似度计算公式设置不同网络信息文档的相似度门槛值。最后,基于相似度门槛值过滤网络信息检索,将过滤后的网络信息作为检索结果显示给系统用户。通过对比实验的方式证明,新的检索系统可根据用户输入内容给出查全率和查准率较高的检索结果。     

基于概率潜在语义分析的中文信息检索

传统的信息检索模型把词看作孤立的单元,没有考虑自然语言中存在大量的同义词、多义词现象,对召回率和准确率有不利的影响。概率潜在语义模型使用统计的方法建立“文档-潜在语义-词”之间概率分布关系并利用这种关系进行检索。该文将概率潜在语义模型用于中文信息检索,实验结果表明,概率潜在语义模型相对于传统的向量空间模型能够显著地提高检索的平均精度。     

基于本体的面向概念信息检索模型研究

目前广泛采用的基于关键字的全文检索无法满足用户对于查准率的要求,本文结合使用了本体技术和传统的向量空间模型,提出了一种基于本体的面向概念信息检索模型.利用领域本体良好的逻辑推理结构,引入级联查询和概念标注的方法,提高了信息检索的性能,并在一定程度上实现了用户查询的语意理解.     

基于查询术语同义词的扩展信念网络检索模型

针对信念网络模型没有考虑术语之间关系的缺陷,引入了查询同义词的概念,提出了一个基于查询术语同义词的扩展信念网络检索模型。给出了模型的拓扑结构,讨论了利用新模型进行信息检索的方法,并给出了一个实用案例。新模型同时考虑了用户查询术语及其同义词的作用,提高了检索性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.