从石油峰值论到石油枯竭论

对石油产量的变化和峰值的预测是有前提的,预测者或者是面对简单的油田,且其储量和开发方式无大变化,或者是限定储产量的变化速度和最大可探明储量等。对基本符合这些限定的"封闭系统",预测的成果可大致符合实际情况。而对不断开拓新区新领域、发现新油田和不断革新采油工艺提高采收率的"开放系统",预测结果多会有很大(甚至定性)的误导作用。此外,还须考虑到石油生产受社会因素的影响甚大。峰值论的鼻祖Hubbert 1956年预测美国1969-1971年石油产量达到峰值时恰逢油田及开发方式变化不大的简单情况,他言中了。而其他对世界石油峰值的预测都把复杂情况简单化,看不到石油在发展中实施着战术和战略接替,因而失败了。虽然近20年来世界石油的储产量一直为上升趋势,但石油峰值论和枯竭论等言论在媒体炒作下却流传甚广,导致公众对石油供应安全甚为恐慌,成了高油价的幕后推手之一。     

中间基油掺炼环烷基油生产橡胶填充油

目的解决橡胶填充油生产原料单一的问题。 方法采用加氢处理催化剂A和B、异构脱蜡催化剂C、补充精制催化剂D对中间基和环烷基的混合油进行全氢法加氢试验。 结果在温度为382 ℃、315 ℃、240 ℃、空速为0.4 h-1、1.0 h-1、0.6 h-1、 氢油比为1 000∶1、800∶1、800∶1的条件下,经过加氢处理-异构脱蜡-补充精制-实沸点蒸馏过程后,380~400 ℃馏分段100 ℃黏度为6.208 mm²/s ,CA值为0,CN值为56.1%,满足HG/T 5085-2016《橡胶增塑剂 环烷基矿物油》中橡胶油N4006的标准;400~440 ℃馏分段100 ℃黏度为9.565 mm²/s,CA值为0,CN值54.7%,满足HG/T 5085-2016中橡胶油N4010的标准;>440 ℃馏分段100 ℃黏度为15.94 mm²/s ,CA值为0,CN值51.5%,满足HG/T 5085-2016中橡胶油N4016的标准。 结论验证了中间基油掺炼环烷基油生产橡胶填充油的可行性。      

浅谈辽河油区稠油集输工艺技术

辽河油区稠油物性比较复杂,不能采用一种工艺进行油气集输,通过长期的室内研究和大量的生产实践,现在已形成一整套具有辽河特色的单管热输、稠油掺稀油(水)和三管伴热等稠油集输工艺技术,并成功地应用于油田生产中.     

Crude oil from the Guneshli deep-water oil field

The results of studying crude oil from the Guneshli deep-water oil field are reported. The oil is light, low-sulfur, low-resin, waxy crude. The naphtha cut is characterized by a low octane number. Brand KO-20 clarified kerosene and brand TS-1 jet fuel can be obtained from the light kerosene cuts, while local-grade diesel can be obtained from the diesel cuts. The potential content of base oils with a viscosity index of 72–85 in the crude is 31.4 wt. %. The crude can be refined with the fuel-oil scheme.     

高油价下石油公司投资策略

国际大石油石化公司的投资目标是在全球范围内重新配置上下游资源。我国石油石化企业应制定科学适宜的应对高油价的投资策略,在高油价时代积极推进业务结构与资本结构的优化。     

采用低频脉冲法提高低渗透油田产量

三次采油后期，油田含水逐年升高，新开发的油田多数为低渗透或特低渗透油田，储层物性差，储量丰度低，为了提高新开发油田的油井产油效果，采用成本投入少的低频脉冲采油技术进行增油，该方法采用不同频率的低频声波(20Hz～60Hz)处理油层，引起油层及其中所含饱和流体的物理和化学性质发生一定程度的变化，从而改善油层内流体的渗流状况，达到增加油井产油量、提高油层原油采收率的目的。     

热油泵封油系统改进

我厂 1 50× 1 0 4 t/ a常压和 80× 1 0 4 t/ a催化联合装置中共有 2 0台热油泵 ,在常压和催化装置分别设有 1套独立的封油系统 ,每套封油系统由 2台型号 MC4 0 - 7的油泵和体积 1 3.2 m3的封油罐组成 ,介质为 4 0℃的柴油。柴油馏分较轻 ,当泵的压力不稳定时 ,遇热容易汽化产生蒸汽 ,造成泵抽空。另外用柴油作封油后 ,因油浆外甩造成的柴油损失达1 0 0 0 t/ a。所以 ,必须对其进行技术改造。1　问题探讨封油分为自封油和外部封油 2种。自封油是以被密封介质作为冲冼液 ,由泵的出口引入输送介质 ,直接冲冼密封端面 ,使密封腔内的液体不断…     

有关稠油油藏驱油效率的讨论

利用油藏工程基本知识和基本方法，对稠油油藏水驱和蒸汽驱的两组驱油效率室内实验结果进行了分析。结果认为：第一组实验结果违背了油藏工程基本事实；第二组实验结果符合油藏工程基本事实。     

陆梁油田油藏地球化学研究

包裹体均一温度和包裹体中油气组分是目前研究油气藏成藏时间和油气源的重要内容。根据原油的地球化学特征、油气包裹体和原油中含氮化合物的综合分析。确定了陆梁油田原油的油源、成藏时间、油气注入及运移方向。     

Cryogenic technologies for storage of oil and oil products

Technologies and principles of operation of plants for recovery of light hydrocarbon fractions (LHF) by direct liquefaction of LHF in low-temperature Stirling machines and use of an intermediate loop containing liquid nitrogen are discussed.     

小层剩余油定量化分析方法

针对一些油田小层地质储量不清,小层累计采油量不清,因而小层剩余潜力不清、盲目性挖潜,进入高含水开发阶段、稳产难度更大的实际情况,为了经济有效开发油田,开展小层剩余油定量化分析方法研究。通过动静态结合系列技术处理,把全区原始地质储量合理地匹配到每口新老油井的小层上,又客观地预测单井小层累计采油量等等,获得目前单井小层剩余地质储量、剩余可动油量、采出程度等开发指标,确定小层可挖潜的空间,同时对“非储量层”采出量进行预测,了解油层的真正采出程度。经过以往压裂效果分析,该方法可信度达73．5％。     

Gas and oil production from waterflood residual oil: effects of wettability and oil spreading characteristics

In the depressurisation of reservoirs already produced to waterflooded residual oil, solution gas is released when the reservoir pressure drops to below the bubble point. This gas becomes mobilised when the critical gas saturation has been reached. Additionally, the oil itself can become mobile from its residual state and can also be produced under suitable physical conditions. The critical gas saturation, the rate of saturation change, and the gas saturation remaining at the end of the depressurisation process (unrecoverable gas) are important parameters in determining the overall economic performance when depressurising a reservoir.In this, and previous work, we are demonstrating that these quantities depend additionally upon other factors which affect the fluid distribution and the rate of gas generation, particularly the surface and interfacial properties. For instance, earlier visual experiments in glass micromodels suggested that wettability and oil spreading coefficient could substantially influence both the value of the critical gas saturation and the growth pattern for the developing gas bubbles, and thus the gas flow. In order to confirm these observations and to provide quantitative data, further experiments in large sintered packs, with different matrix wettability and with oils having different spreading coefficients (e.g. oil spreading onto a gas–water interface), have been carried out and are reported here. These new experiments show that the magnitude of the critical gas saturation for a water-wet system is about the same irrespective of whether the oil is spreading or non-spreading, but it is much higher than for the oil-wet case. In addition, oil is also produced but the rate of production is dependent upon the rock wettability and the oil characteristics. We find that in a water-wet medium, for spreading oils, the physical form of the oil becomes transformed from being immobile ganglia into mobile oil films, which can then be transported by the gas. For non-spreading oils, oil has to be pushed out by the gas as discontinuous ganglia so less is oil produced. In contrast, in an oil-wet system, the oil phase already exists as a continuous film on the surface of the solid so that the generation of gas effectively expands the oil phase, enabling the oil to be produced in larger quantities even at lower gas saturations.These new experiments give further evidence that rock wettability has an important influence on the performance of gas production from residual oil. Additionally, significant amounts of oil may be recovered after waterflooding from the residual condition, which could have a beneficial impact on the economics of the depressurisation.     

炼油厂加氢柴油外观雾浊的原因分析

克拉玛依石化公司生产的加氢柴油出现了外观浑浊"发雾"的问题,针对该问题开展了针对性的试验与分析。结果表明,油品中微量水是影响油品外观的主要原因,当温度低于25℃时,油品中微量水含量低于70 mg/kg时,外观符合要求。     

致密油与页岩油的概念与应用

通过国内外大量的文献调研,了解和分析了致密油和页岩油术语的不同含义与应用情况,对比了它们之间的异同点,并提出了应用和完善致密油和页岩油概念的建议。致密油含义有广义与狭义之分;页岩油除用于指油页岩加工的石油外,其含义也有广义和狭义之分。致密油与页岩油异同点表现为3种情况:①致密油与页岩油概念完全不同,属于不同的非常规石油资源类型;②致密油与页岩油含义完全相同,可以互换使用;③致密油与页岩油概念既有关系,也有差别。在应用致密油和页岩油术语时,要遵循"尊重习惯、方便交流"的原则。致密油和页岩油有不同含义,不要只从字面上机械理解,要真正理解它们的实际内涵。对于致密油和页岩油术语使用中遇到的问题,应采取"不断完善,适时修正"的原则,不断完善致密油和页岩油术语的定义,使它们的定义和应用更加科学、规范,同时也要方便、适用和与国际接轨。     

辽河油区原油稠变的影响因素分析

综合辽河油区稠油油藏的构造、地质及水文地质条件,对该区原油稠变的影响因素进行了分析。结果认为,构造位置、油藏埋深、储层特征、水文地质条件及异常压力分布等,是影响该区稠油油藏稠变的主要因素。     

Study on the process of oil recovery from oil sludge and tailing oil sands by blending extraction

Abstract

The raw materials of this study were oilfield sludge and the tailings extracted from the oil sands of Yumen. The mineral composition and particle size distribution were characterized by X-ray diffraction and gradient screening. In this study, we put forward a new process of oil sludge and oil sand tailings blending extraction. Tailings mainly contained high crystallinity of quartz and calcium carbonate. Tailings with particle size greater than 75?μm accounted for more than 95%. Oil sludge mainly contained clay minerals. Through the co-extraction experiment of different proportions of oil sludge and tailings, we can get the best condition of blending extraction. The results showed that m (tailing oil sands): m (oil sludge) = 0.5, v (solvents): m (sample) = 2, temperature 60?°C and contact time 20?minutes were the optimum technological conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of the first stage co-extraction was up to 81.8%. The total yield of secondary co-extraction oil was up to 89.4%. This study overcame the problem of low yield of oil extracted from oil sludge.     

辽河油区稠油及高凝油勘探开发技术综述

辽河坳陷油气资源丰富,地质条件复杂,油品类型多样,其中稠油、高凝油开发在辽河油区勘探开发中占有重要的地位。在勘探开发过程中,辽河油田对稠油、高凝油的形成机制和分布特点进行了系统研究,针对稠油、高凝油油气藏的特性,开展了室内实验研究,充分利用各种技术手段,形成了具有辽河油区特色的稠油和高凝油开发主导技术,在辽河油区稠油、高凝油开发中取得了明显效果。论述了稠油和高凝油勘探开发历程,对辽河油区稠油、高凝油多年勘探开发进行了系统总结,并对存在的难点进行了分析,为辽河坳陷及类似地区稠油和高凝油的勘探开发提供了一定的参考价值。