挤压铸造铝合金高温力学行为试验

为获得可用于挤压铸造过程凝固壳变形与压力传递模拟计算的材料力学行为数据,利用Gleeble-1500D数控式动态热-力学物理模拟试验机,对不同压力(25、50、75 MPa)下制备的挤压铸造铝合金材料的力学行为进行了测试,获得了给定温度(250、300、350、400、450、500 ℃)和应变速率(0.100 s-1、0.010 s-1、0.001 s-1)条件下的一系列真应力-真应变曲线,并分析了温度、应变速率和挤压铸造压力对材料高温力学行为的影响.结果表明,材料的流变应力随温度的升高而减小、随应变速率的增大而增大.挤压铸造压力对材料的高温力学性能有影响,较高挤压力下获得的材料具有较大的流变应力值.     

挤压态镁合金流变行为及本构模型研究

通过Gleeble热模拟机,在变形温度250~500℃、应变速率0.005~5 s-1下对挤压态镁合金进行热压缩实验,得到应力-应变曲线,基于加工硬化与软化机制,分析了温度和应变速率对流变曲线及峰值应力的影响。其次,考虑变形中温升,在高应变速率下采用温度补偿修正流变应力。最后,运用双曲正弦模型构建不同流变应力范围的本构模型,得到流变应力与温度、应变速率和应变的定量关系。将模型预测应力值与实验值进行对比。结果表明:实验值与预测值的相关性系数为0.984,平均相对误差绝对值为3.87%,说明所建立的本构模型能够准确预测成形过程中不同变形量下镁合金的流变应力值。     

铝铁合金热压缩流变行为

采用Gleeble-1500模拟实验机研究铝铁合金在783K~693K,应变速率为0.01s-1~10 s-1条件下的热变形行为。结果表明,铝铁合金高温变形时存在明显的稳态流变特征,流动应力对应变速率和温度敏感。实验得出真应力应变曲线分析峰值的应力与变形温度、应变速率之间的关系,用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数描述铝铁合金高温塑性变形时的流变行为;计算得出材料的真应力-应变方程。     

30Cr3MoV钢热压缩流变应力行为研究

利用Gleeble-3500进行热模拟压缩实验,对低合金钢30Cr3MoV在1173～1473 K变形温度以及0.1-10 s(-1)应变速率条件下的高温流变应力行为进行了研究.通过对真应力-真应变曲线进行分析得到该材料的形变激活能、流变应力本构方程以及峰值应变和峰值应力与变形温度、应变速率之间的关系方程.     

挤压态7075铝合金高温流变行为及神经网络本构模型

采用Gleeble1500D热模拟实验机研究挤压态7075铝合金在变形温度为250～450℃、应变速率为0.01～10s-1下单道次压缩过程的高温流变行为。结果表明:材料在350℃及以下变形时,流变应力曲线呈动态回复型;在温度为350℃以上、应变速率为0.1s-1时,流变曲线局部陡降明显;当应变速率为10s-1时,流变曲线发生波动,呈动态再结晶型;挤压态7075铝合金的流变应力曲线峰值应力及稳态应力均高于铸态合金的,且在变形温度较高时,挤压态材料更易于发生动态软化。基于BP神经网络建立挤压态7075铝合金的本构关系模型,预测值与实验值对比表明:所建立的本构模型整体误差在5.35%以内,拟合度为2.48%,该模型可以用于描述7075铝合金的高温变形流变行为,为该合金热变形过程分析和有限元模拟提供基础。     

新型含Zr超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金的高温压缩流变行为

采用等温压缩试验法,研究了新型含Zr超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金在变形温度为300～450℃和应变速率为0.001～1s-1条件下的流变变形行为,获得了等温恒速单轴方向热压缩变形过程的真应力-真应变曲线,建立了流变应力本构方程。结果表明:在实验范围内,该合金高温压缩时均存在稳态流变特征且属于正应变速率敏感材料;在较低温度和较高应变速率条件下,流变应力除了与应变速率、变形温度有关以外,还与变形量有关;可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数描述该合金的高温压缩流变行为,基于热模拟试验提供的真应力-真应变数据,可得出流变应力σ解析表达式中A、α和n分别为2.09×106s-1、0.019MPa-1和5.075,其热变形激活能Q为112.66kJ/mol。     

A356铝合金的高温流变行为及本构模型研究

A356铝合金的高温流变特性和本构模型对其应力状态起着重要的作用,为铝合金流变成形过程的有限元模拟奠定了重要的基础.从A356铝合金轮毂铸造坯料上制取拉伸试样,利用Instron 3369型实验机进行等温拉伸实验,实验温度为300～375℃,应变速率为0.001～0.1 s-1.由此得到的真应力-真应变曲线表明,温度和...     

高铁螺纹道钉钢TD16的高温塑性变形行为

采用Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机对高铁螺纹道钉钢TD16进行热压缩变形实验,探索该材料在不同温度和应变速率条件下的热塑性变形行为。研究温度与应变速率对真应力-真应变曲线的影响规律,结合显微组织分析,阐明真应力-真应变曲线发生变化的原因。结果表明,在低应变速率下,流变应力峰值较明显,具有明显的动态再结晶特征。在较高应变速率下,峰值应力不明显,流变应力曲线属于动态回复型,未发生动态再结晶。通过回归分析,建立高铁螺纹道钉钢TD16在实验条件范围内的峰值流变应力本构关系的数学模型。所建立的流变应力本构方程与实验值吻合较好,最大相对误差为7.03%,可以用该本构方程来预测高铁螺纹道钉钢TD16的高温流变行为。     

挤压态ZK60镁合金的热压缩变形行为

为了研究挤压态ZK60镁合金的热变形行为,利用Gleebe-3500热模拟机在变形温度为523~723 K、应变速率为0.01~10 s~(-1)的条件下对挤压态ZK60合金进行了热压缩变形试验。通过真应力-真应变曲线分析了挤压态ZK60合金流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系,通过引入Z参数建立了挤压态ZK60合金的流变应力本构方程,并观察了其在热压缩过程中的显微组织变化。结果表明:挤压态ZK60合金的真应力-真应变曲线属于动态再结晶型,并且合金的流变应力在高变形温度或低应变速率条件下较低。在变形温度降低或应变速率升高时,动态再结晶晶粒变小,但动态再结晶进行的不充分,再结晶晶粒分布不均匀。通过本构方程计算出挤压态ZK60镁合金的变形激活能Q=122.884 k J/mol,应力指数n=5.096。     

T23钢的热变形行为

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟机进行热压缩实验,对T23钢在变形速率为0.01 ～5 s-1,变形温度为1000～1250 ℃的热变形行为和组织进行研究.根据实验获得的真应力-真应变曲线,基于动态材料模型建立了热加工图,并推导出流变应力方程.结果表明:T23钢在热压缩过程中存在动态回复和动态再结晶两种软化机制,变形温度越高或变形速率越小,越容易发生动态再结晶.真应变量为0.5和0.6的加工图具有4个类似的失稳区,功率耗散效率因子的分布规律大致相同,峰值区在1175 ～1240℃和0.03～0.25 s-1范围,对应的峰值效率分别为47.3％(0.5)和46.3％(0.6).流变应力方程中,结构因子A、应力水平参数α、应力指数n分别为5.23×1012 s-1、0.01155 MPa-1和4.46869,热变形激活能为368.65 kJ/mol.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。