基于高职《计算机应用基础》课程教学改革

21世纪时信息高速发展的时代,计算机应用能力已成为衡量当代大学生信息技能水平的重要组成部分。基于目前高职计算机应用基础课程的教学现状,为了更好的培养时代与社会需要的人才,高职院校计算机应用基础课程教学的改革实在必行。针对目前高职《计算机应用基础》教学的现状,提出了以需求为导向,面向实际应用的课程内容改革思路。采用实际应用中的典型案例,提高计算机应用基础课程的教学效果。     

计算机应用基础模块化教学研究

高职计算机应用基础课程是高职院校开设的一门公共基础课,着力培养学生运用计算机解决实际问题的能力,培养学生的知识迁移能力和系统思维能力。文章分析当前高职院校计算机应用基础课程教学中的实际问题,针对这些问题提出计算机应用基础模块化教学改革的建议。     

高职计算机文化基础教学的问题分析

随着计算机应用范围不断拓展,计算机基础应用知识已成为高职院校培养目标的重要组成部分。本文结合计算机基础教学的实际,分析计算机基础教学中存在的问题,进而展开计算机基础教学改革的探讨,以推动计算机基础课程教学的发展。     

高职计算机应用基础课程实训教学改革的探索与实践

根据高等职业教育的培养目的和教学特点以及非计算机专业《计算机应用基础》课程实践教学标准的要求,文章从加强《计算机应用基础》课程的实训教学出发,根据学生的不同专业和实际情况,探讨了加强实训教学的方法和科学合理检查和评价学生的方法,总结了《计算机应用基础》课程在高职教育教学改革中一些行之有效的经验,全面提高学生的计算机实际应用能力。     

《计算机应用基础》中"点线面"教学方法的运用之研究

本文主要论述了《计算机应用基础》课程的教学方法,主要分析了"点线面"教学方法的实际应用,并且给出需要注意的方面,主要为了在《计算机应用基础》当中推广"点线面"教学方法,提高《计算机应用基础》的教学效率.     

高职院校《计算机应用基础》课程教与学的几点思考——以福州黎明职业技术学院为例

本文主要针对如何上好高职院校《计算机应用基础》的公共基础课,其中分析了计算机教学的特点,以及结合自己实际教学情况对《计算机应用基础》的教与学的方法进行深入的探讨。     

计算机应用基础教学策略

计算机应用基础主要讲授计算机基础知识、计算机基本概念和基本操作技能。笔者结合职业院校学生的特点和课程设置实际情况,根据职业院校中计算机应用基础学科教学过程中遇到的问题,提出了解决问题的方法,改进了计算机基础教学活动,以便帮助学生提高学习计算机应用基础课程的兴趣,提高学生的学科成绩,引导学生养成自主学习的习惯,鼓励学生相互协作、共同探讨。     

着眼学生自主学习构建校本实验教程

本文基于校本,立足学生实际,分析了高职院校计算机应用基础的教学现状,介绍了计算机应用基础的教学改革思路和实验教程的构建宗旨,摸索出一套"着眼学生自主学习"的计算机校本实验教程,旨在有效地提高高职院校学生的计算机基础课程学习兴趣和教学效果。     

《计算机应用基础》课程的教学改革探讨

计算机应用基础课程的教学在高校教育中越来越受重视,在教学过程中出现过很多问题。该文从实际出发,对计算机应用基础课程的教学提出了几点建议。     

案例式教学法在计算机基础教学改革中的应用

非计算机专业计算机基础教学的主要目的是提高学生们综合应用计算机知识来解决本专业实际问题的能力。本文介绍了我院在计算机基础课程中如何应用案例式教学法来充分激发学生自主学习计算机知识的兴趣,培养学生的创新能力,提高学生的计算机综合素质。     

Spatio-temporal distribution of rice phenology and cropping systems in the Mekong Delta with special reference to the seasonal water flow of the Mekong and Bassac rivers

Multi-temporal Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data was used to estimate the spatial distribution of heading date and rice-cropping system employed in the Mekong Delta relative to seasonal changes in water resources in 2002 and 2003. We improved a Wavelet-based Filter for determining Crop Phenology (WFCP) and developed a Wavelet-based Filter for evaluating the spatial distribution of Cropping Systems (WFCS) to the interpretation of MODIS time-series data to determine the spatial distribution of rice phenology and various rice-cropping systems from the seasonal Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data. The findings correspond well the physical characteristics of the cropping system in the Mekong Delta, which have changed over time in response to localized and seasonal changes in water resources. One such example is the double-irrigated rice-cropping system commonly employed in the upper Mekong Delta in the dry season to avoid damage due to the subsequent floods. The shortage of suitable irrigation water and intrusion of saline water in the coastal regions during the dry season has constrained the practice dry-season cropping and has meant that the double- and single-rainfed rice-cropping systems are employed in the rainy season. A triple-irrigated rice-cropping system is used in the central part of the Mekong Delta which is located midway between the flood-prone and salinity intrusion areas. Analysis of annual changes in the rice cropping systems between 2002 and 2003 showed that the triple-cropped rice expanded to the flood- and salinity-intrusion areas. This expansion indicates that the implementation of measures to limit the extent of flooding and salinity intrusion by improved farming technologies and improvements in land management. The heading dates in the upper Mekong Delta in 2003 were earlier than in 2002 by approximately 20 to 30 days. The reasons for this would be due to decreased flood runoff in 2002 compared to 2001, and implementation of government policies regarding early sowing of dry-season crops. Subsequent analysis of the MODIS data confirmed that the spatial distribution of rice-cropping systems was closely related to seasonal changes in river runoff regime in the Mekong Delta.     

关联规则挖掘技术研究进展*

为帮助人们深入研究关联规则挖掘技术,总结了关联规则的分类方法、评价方法以及相关技术的最新进展,特别是对关联规则的主要算法进行了详细的介绍,并探讨未来的发展方向。该研究比较系统全面,对将来进一步深入分析关联规则挖掘技术具有指导意义。     

Ecosystem functioning of protected and altered Mediterranean environments: A remote sensing classification in Doñana, Spain

Spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem functioning is a key component of ecological variability requiring special attention in the context of global change. A large history of human use has produced high physiognomic heterogeneity in Mediterranean ecosystems. However, the consequences for ecosystem functioning remain insufficiently understood. We analyzed spectral indicators of matter and energy fluxes in the land surface to classify the functional ecosystem heterogeneity in a Mediterranean region covering different management histories and protection types. We specifically analyzed the spatial variability in seasonal and annual patterns in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surface temperature (T_s) and albedo from five Landsat ETM images. Then we classified numerically this variability into ecosystem functional types (EFTs) and explored their seasonal dynamics in terms of photosynthetic radiation absorption and evapotranspiration. We identified eight main EFTs with ecologically relevant differences including contrasting dynamics in fPAR seasonality, great variation in incoming radiation reflection and differing evapotranspiration rates, particularly during the water-limitation period. Functional variability in natural vegetation mostly consisted in dissimilar annual rates of NDVI and albedo, whereas differences in seasonality were more evident in transformed areas. Similarly, the spatial distribution of EFTs was partly associated to protection, with two EFTs exclusive of protected areas and comparatively higher functional diversity in humanized areas. Landform effects on water availability in protected areas and human activities under different ecological settings were seemingly responsible for the large functional diversity of the region. We advocate for the explicit incorporation of multifunctional ecosystem heterogeneity in ecosystem management and monitoring designs.     

生物组织光声成像技术综述

光声成像是一种低功率、非电离的成像方式,既具有声学方法对深层组织成像分辨率高的优点,又具有光学方法在功能成像、分子成像方面具有高对比度的优势。本文回顾了近年来,光声成像技术在生物医学领域的研究进展,介绍了光声成像的基本成像原理。以此为基础,本文介绍了光声成像的两种主要成像方案：光声断层成像和光声显微镜,并且讨论了光声成像在获取生物组织化学成分信息和微结构信息方面的优越性;最后,本文对光声成像技术的优点和应用前景进行了总结。     

利用MODIS EVI时间序列数据分析福建省植被变化(2000~2017年)

以全国森林覆盖率最高的福建省为研究对象,利用2000~2017年夏季的MODIS EVI植被指数数据和气象与非气象因子进行协同分析,以揭示近17年福建植被的时空变化及其影响因子。结果表明:研究期内福建的EVI均值整体上升,从2000年的0.454上升至2017年的0.505,17 a间上升了11.2%,表明福建省的植被整体处于变好的状态,且在中部和西南部的变化最明显。相关分析表明,在研究期内,气象因子(气温和降水)对EVI变化的影响不显著,植被的变好主要为非气象因子的作用。EVI的提高主要得益于2003年福建省建设生态省后森林覆盖率的提高,并和2012年开始的水土流失治理有明显关系,这说明人类活动的积极作用对福建植被的变好起到了关键的作用。     

The influence of IT: perspectives from five Australian schools

Abstract Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are now widespread in Australian schools but with variation in how, where, when and how much they are used. Computers may be located in a computer laboratory, distributed throughout the school, or students may use their own laptop computers. IT may be a subject in its own right or ICT may be used across all areas of the curriculum. It is how ICT is used in the school setting that is important in providing students with the skills to be participate in a 'knowledge society'. This paper examines the ways in which information and communication technologies influence teaching and learning in five Australian schools. Data were gathered through observation, interviews and document analysis in schools operating at the elementary and secondary grades in relatively technology rich environments. Each of the schools participated in the Australian component of the Second Information Technology in Education Study – Module 2 (SITES-M2) of innovative pedagogical practices. Several of the studies were of specific projects where ICT was the key enabler of the learning programme. Others focused on an entire school's approach to ICT as an agent for changed approaches to learning.     

Desktop publishing in education

Abstract The term 'desktop publishing' has received much media coverage in recent months in both the commercial and educational press. School-based 'desktop publishing' packages are at the moment poor imitations of full-specification systems. This paper discusses the state of desktop publishing in education today and demonstrates the weaknesses of the systems available for use in the classroom. The skills required for desktop publishing are interrelated in a complex way and cannot be presented in a hierarchical fashion. A model of the functional processes involved is suggested in the paper and analysed in terms of the skills required.     

北半球及典型区雪深时空分布与变化特征

基于欧空局的GlobSnow雪水当量数据集和国家青藏高原科学数据中心的北半球长时间序列雪深数据集NHSD研究了北半球及9个典型区的雪深时空分布与变化特征。结果表明：北半球1988~2018年平均雪深总体呈显著下降趋势（p<0.01）,年际变化幅度为-0.55 cm·（10 a）^-1。在高纬度地区,加拿大北部和阿拉斯加年平均雪深下降明显（p<0.01）,下降速率分别为3.48 cm·（10 a）^-1和3 cm·（10 a）^-1,两地区月平均雪深在冬季显著下降。西西伯利亚平原和东欧平原年平均雪深呈下降趋势,其中东欧平原雪深下降较为明显（p<0.01）,变化速率为-2.3 cm·（10 a）^-1,两地区的月平均雪深在春季显著下降,其中5月份最为明显。东西伯利亚山地的雪深年际变化呈增加趋势,除堪察加半岛外,其月平均雪深在冬季呈显著增加趋势。对于高山区,阿尔卑斯山脉和落基山脉的年平均雪深呈缓慢增长趋势,而青藏高原地区雪深呈缓慢下降趋势。阿尔卑斯山脉的月平均雪深在冬季呈显著增加趋势,5月份显著减小。落基山脉和青藏高原雪深变化呈现出空间异质性：在整个研究时段,落基山脉北部月平均雪深呈下降趋势,中部和南部呈上升趋势;青藏高原的北部边缘山脉雪深呈显著上升趋势,中部大多数地区呈下降趋势。喜马拉雅山脉的北坡雪深增加,南坡雪深减小,但其变化率绝对值小于0.5 cm·a^-1。东南部雪深较大的念青唐古拉山脉冬季雪深呈显著下降趋势。对9个典型区雪深的年内分析（2001~2010年平均值）结果显示：高山区雪深峰值远低于高纬度地区雪深峰值。除青藏高原外,高山区的积雪融化起始日期明显早于高纬度地区。     

Adaptive solutions to the mutual exclusion problem

Summary Algorithms for mutual exclusion that adapt to the current degree of contention are developed. Afilter and a leader election algorithm form the basic building blocks. The algorithms achieve system response times that are independent of the total number of processes and governed instead by the current degree of contention. The final algorithm achieves a constant amortized system response time. Manhoi Choy was born in 1967 in Hong Kong. He received his B.Sc. in Electrical and Electronic Engineerings from the University of Hong Kong in 1989, and his M.Sc. in Computer Science from the University of California at Santa Barbara in 1991. Currently, he is working on his Ph.D. in Computer Science at the University of California at Santa Barbara. His research interests are in the areas of parallel and distributed systems, and distributed algorithms. Ambuj K. Singh is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Texas at Austin in 1989, an M.S. in Computer Science from Iowa State University in 1984, and a B.Tech. from the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur in 1982. His research interests are in the areas of adaptive resource allocation, concurrent program development, and distributed shared memory.A preliminary version of the paper appeared in the 12th Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed ComputingWork supported in part by NSF grants CCR-9008628 and CCR-9223094     

Back to the Future: An Historical Perspective on the Pendulum-Like Changes in Literacy

This article focuses on the pendulum-like change in the way people read and use text, which was triggered by the introduction of new reading and writing technologies in human history. The paper argues that textual features, which characterized the ancient pre-print writing culture, disappeared with the establishment of the modern-day print culture and has been “revived” in the digital post-modern era. This claim is based on the analysis of four cases which demonstrate this textual-pendulum swing: (1) The swing from concrete iconic-graphic representation of letters and words in the ancient alphabet to abstract phonetic representation of text in modern eras, and from written abstract computer commands “back” to the concrete iconic representation in graphic user interfaces of the digital era; (2) The swing from scroll reading in the pre-print era to page or book reading in the print era and “back” to scroll reading in the digital era; (3) The swing from a low level of authorship in the pre-print era to a strong authorship perception in the print era, and “back” to a low degree of authorship in the digital era; (4) The swing from synchronic representation of text in both visual and audio formats during the pre-print era to a visual representation only in print, and “back” to a synchronic representation in many environments of the digital era. We suggest that the print culture, which is usually considered the natural and preferred textual environment, should be regarded as the exception.