Phase formation,structure and properties of light-weight aluminosilicate proppants based on clay-diabase and clay-granite binary mixes

One of the drawbacks of fusible clays is the narrow sintering interval due to a sharp increase in the amount of iron-silicate melt at a temperature of 1000–1100 °C, which hardens in the form of a glass phase upon cooling. This leads to a relatively low mechanical strength of the calcined samples and causes the danger of melting the granular material surface from such clays during the firing process. To increase the strength of samples of fusible clays, the influence of diabase and granitoid rocks was considered. It was found that the strengthening effect of diabase and granitoid rock additives in an amount of 20–50% in a mixture with fusible clay is due to an increase of total content of the crystalline phase (mullite, cristobalite and residual quartz) from 18–20% in clays without additives to 22–28 % - in mixtures with diabase and to 28–34% - with granitoid additives) at a temperature of 1050–1100 °C. This increase is due to the activation of synthesis processes of secondary mullite and crystallization from alkali-rich feldspar melt of amorphous silica, released from the structure of clay minerals. The established influence of the igneous rocks used made it possible to develop compositions and propose process flow sheet for producing aluminosilicate proppants based on fusible clays. The use of granitoid and diabase rocks in an amount of 20–70% with fusible clays produces lightweight aluminosilicate proppants with bulk density of 1.40–1.46 g/cm³ at temperature range of 1050–1100 °C, which can endure destructive pressures up to 34.5–52 MPa.     

基于KECA的化工过程故障监测新方法

针对化工过程数据复杂、非线性的特点,提出一种基于核熵成分分析(KECA)的化工过程故障监测算法。首先,KECA算法按照Renyi熵值的大小选取特征值及特征向量,相比传统的KPCA监测算法,其保留主元个数更少,可以有效减少运算量。同时,仿真研究表明KECA算法选取的主元具有角度结构特性,据此,提出一种新的统计量--CS(Cauchy-Schwarz)统计量,其对应到核特征空间中即为向量间的角度余弦值,可以较好表述不同概率密度分布之间的相似度。最后,将KECA和KPCA算法分别应用于TE(Tennessee Eastman)过程,结果表明KECA在故障检测延迟与检出率相比KPCA都有很大的优势。     

基于丙烯酸树脂制备的低定量涂布纸在室内设计中的应用

对基于丙烯酸树脂的低定量涂布纸在室内设计中的应用进行了综述。基于丙烯酸树脂的低定量涂布纸可回收,可降解,环保效果好。基于丙烯酸树脂的低定量涂布纸的白度、不透明度、平滑度等都优于采用传统树脂制备的低定量涂布纸,可以提高室内设计的质感,降低整体成本,在未来有着广阔的应用前景。     

基于CAXA系列CAD/CAM软件的陶瓷产品设计及模具加工技术

介绍了基于CAXA系列CAD／CAM软件的陶瓷产品设计及模具加工技术的一般过程和方法,并简要阐述了陶瓷产品设计及模具加工采用CAD／CAM技术的现实意义．以期待推动陶瓷行业采用CAD／CAM技术起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

基于神经网络的有机朗肯循环过程及循环性能计算方法

有机朗肯循环（ORC）是中低温热能-电能转换中最具前景的技术之一,近年来受到越来越多的关注。工质是ORC实现的载体,由于热源及可选工质的多样性,工质筛选及系统的优化对于提升ORC综合性能非常重要,而物性及过程特性的准确预测是关键。提出了基于神经网络-基团贡献法的ORC系统性能计算方法,建立了涵盖11个基团的基团表,从REFPROP中调用51种工质7958组数据进行神经网络训练,获得了ORC中各个热力过程能量转换和熵差的计算关联式。计算了21种常用工质在1584组工况下的ORC系统性能,并与基于传统方法计算的ORC系统性能参数进行了对比。结果显示预测得到的ORC系统热效率、净输出功和系统?效率与用REFPROP计算得出的结果相比误差分别为1.01%、1.02%和1.61%,相比传统方法,预测精度有显著提高。     

基于仿真的硫化机液压系统设计

假定液压硫化机的负载为200 kN,设计的硫化机液压系统合模缸活塞直径和活塞杆直径分别为320和220 mm,上模缸活塞直径和活塞杆直径分别为100和70 mm,压力油管内径为12 mm,吸油管内径为25 mm,油箱容积为160 L.采用液压系统建模与仿真软件AMESim进行额定工况的建模仿真,结果表明,所设计的液压系统具有足够的合模力,达到了设计要求.     

A comparative study on the effect of carbon-based and ceramic additives on the properties of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites for high temperature applications

Ablative composites have been in use for thermal protection of space vehicles for decades. Carbon-phenolic composites have proven to perform exceptionally well in these applications. However with development in aerospace industry their performance needs improvement. In this field, different carbon-based and ceramic additives have been introduced into ablative composite systems. This review article gives a comparative analysis of researches done in this field in the recent past. Density, ablative, thermal and mechanical properties of ablative composites with different ultra-high temperature ceramic particles i.e. ZrSi₂, Cenosphere, nano-SiO₂, BN etc. and carbon-based nanoparticles i.e. CNTs, nano-Diamonds, Graphene oxide etc. used as additives, have been compared and discussed. Emphasis is put on carbon-phenolic composite systems although some epoxy matrix systems have also been discussed for comparison.     

基于知识本体的过程安全分析信息标准化

过程危险分析的主要目标是识别危险剧情。危险剧情能够表达团队“头脑风暴”安全评价过程也能表达评价结论。危险剧情的知识本体是标准化过程安全分析信息的准确描述。知识本体是概念表达的明确规范。依据设计知识本体所遵循的规则提出了一种过程安全分析信息标准化方法,称为剧情对象模型（scenario object model,SOM）。SOM能够表达安全分析信息的内容和结构,能够实施计算机自动推理和半定量计算。应用知识本体SOM有效实现了计算机辅助自动安全评价和安全信息的传递、复查和共享。     

基于加权LS-SVM的青霉素发酵过程建模

青霉素发酵过程中,一些重要参数的检测存在一定的误差,给生产过程的监测及重要参数的实时监控等带来一定困难。样本数据中自变量、因变量均有可能包含误差数据,影响模型建立的准确性,本文采用加权最小二乘算法,给各个样本的误差平方赋予不同权重用于克服异常训练样本的影响,利用Pensim仿真平台数据,采用粒子群算法(PSO)对加权最小二乘向量机算法(WLS-SVM)的参数寻优,建立青霉素发酵过程模型,通过仿真实验表明了该算法用于青霉素发酵过程建模的有效性。     

基于分阶段的LSSVM发酵过程建模

发酵过程建模是研究微生物发酵的重要课题,基于模型可实现被测参量的软测量、系统的优化控制。鉴于引入混合核函数的最小二乘支持向量机在过程建模中具有优良表现,采用基于混合核函数的最小二乘支持向量机建模。但由于发酵过程周期较长,最小二乘支持向量机的全局模型预测精度难以保证,算法复杂度很高,因此提出一种分阶段建模方法。首先,选择表征阶段特性的辅助变量,利用模糊C均值聚类算法对样本数据聚类,将发酵过程分成不同的阶段,然后为各个阶段分别建立最优混合核最小二乘支持向量机局部模型,最后将局部模型合成构成过程的完整模型。将此方法应用于青霉素发酵过程和重组大肠杆菌发酵过程中,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Novel operability‐based approach for process design and intensification: Application to a membrane reactor for direct methane aromatization

This article introduces a novel operability‐based approach for process design and intensification of energy systems described by nonlinear models. This approach is applied to a membrane reactor (MR) for the direct methane aromatization (DMA) conversion to benzene and hydrogen. The proposed method broadens the scope of the traditional path of the operability approaches for design and control, mainly oriented to obtain the achievable output set (AOS) from the available input set, and compare the computed AOS to a desired output set. In particular, an optimization algorithm based on nonlinear programming tools is formulated for the calculation of the desired input set that is feasible considering process constraints and intensification targets. Results on the application of the operability method as a tool for process intensification show reduction of the DMA‐MR footprint (≈77% reactor volume and 80% membrane area reduction) for an equivalent level of performance, when compared to the base case. This case study indicates that the novel approach can be a powerful tool for process intensification of membrane reactors and other complex chemical processes. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 975–983, 2017     

基于响应面模型的注塑件精密成型工艺优化

为了提高注塑件品质,对注塑件进行了成型工艺优化.结合中心复合试验设计,采用Moldflow软件和响应面模型方法,拟合得到注塑件二阶响应面模型,由响应面模型获得成型最佳产品品质的工艺参数组合.采用Moldflow软件对该工艺参数组合进行了分析.结果表明:采用响应面模型预测与Moldflow软件分析得到的体积收缩率相差约0...     

镀锌件返工涂覆锌铬涂层工艺探讨

锌铬涂覆技术在国内日趋成熟,已被很多制造企业所应用.根据生产现场的需要,通过试验分析,探究出将镀锌零件改制成合格的锌铬涂层零件的工艺案例,解决了镀锌零件上的锌层对锌铬涂层质量的影响问题.采用由硫酸、氯化钠、OP乳化剂组成的酸洗褪锌工艺,须先以抛丸破坏原有锌镀层的完整性,虽成本低,但存在氢脆的危险,不适用于高强度连接件和...     

铝及铝合金化学浸镀仿金工艺研究

为了拓展铝及铝合金的应用范围,采用二次浸锌+碱性化学镀镍+酸性化学镀镍+化学浸镀仿金的组合工艺,开发了一种新的铝及铝合金化学浸镀仿金工艺,探讨了主要成分和工艺条件对仿金镀层质量的影响,确定工艺条件如下:SnSO4 8～10 g/L,CuSO4 1.2～1.5 g/L,配位剂(酒石酸或柠檬酸)10～15 g/L,H2SO4 10～20 mL/L,XT-08B稳定剂10～12 mL/L,氢氟酸40～50 mL/L,氟化铵1～2g/L,温度15～35℃,时间10～15 min.所得仿金镀层色泽典雅纯正,结合力好,工艺操作简便,对环境污染小,耐蚀性可与电镀仿金层媲美,具有较好的应用前景.     

聚合过程贝叶斯统计学习质量模式监测

聚合过程由于反应机理复杂、过程非线性强等特点,使得其质量监控问题成为过程控制领域的研究难点和热点。本文结合聚合反应过程的特点,利用聚合生产过程中与聚合物的物性参数相关的过程参数数据,引入质量模式监测的概念,创新性地提出了基于模式指标的贝叶斯统计学习方法,以解决聚合过程的质量模式监测问题。首先利用主成分分析将观测空间数据的本质特征投影到低维空间,得到模式指标;然后,基于贝叶斯统计学习算法,根据后验概率对构建的质量模式进行判别;最后利用某化工厂提供的聚合反应釜的生产数据对所提方法进行验证。由于模式指标相比于质量指标如转化率、聚合速率等,更能反映聚合反应过程的一致性和产品品质,因此基于模式指标的贝叶斯判别法较基于参数指标的贝叶斯判别法更加准确,更能实现对聚合过程的质量监控。     

钢铁件涂装前铁系磷化工艺研究

通过正交试验优选出一种新的常温铁系磷化工艺:氧化锌0.5g/L,磷酸5mL/L,酒石酸0.5g/L,马日夫盐0.5g/L,氟钛酸5.0g/L,氟锆酸1.5g/L,铬明矾5.0g/L,硫脲2.0g/L,钼酸钠0.75g/L,成膜时间6.0min。该磷化液游离酸度为3,总酸度为17。经此磷化液磷化后的冷轧钢铁试片表面磷化膜的致密性和耐腐蚀性与普通铁系磷化相比均有提高,耐硫酸铜点滴时间达50s,后续漆膜的附着力为0级,冲击强度为50kg·cm。该磷化液不含亚硝酸钠,可常温处理,沉渣少,成本低,可与各种涂装工艺配合使用。     

基于剪切流变的密炼机混炼胶料粘度-时间数学模型

从剪切流变对胶料粘度的影响入手,建立简化的粘度-时间模型,用于描述混炼过程中胶料粘度与密炼机结构和工艺参数间的数学关系.采用MATLAB数学软件,选择4阶曲线对不同转子转速下的试验数据进行数值拟合,求出模型中温度对时间的变化率,得到混炼阶段胶料粘度-时间曲线,并通过试验对其进行修正,得出在特定的混炼阶段中胶料粘度-时间的数学模型.该模型可用于预测密炼机混炼过程中胶料的粘度.     

Development of Novel Inhibitors for Histone Methyltransferase SET7/9 based on Cyproheptadine

The histone methyltransferase SET7/9 methylates not only histone but also non‐histone proteins as substrates, and therefore, SET7/9 inhibitors are considered candidates for the treatment of diseases. Previously, our group identified cyproheptadine, used clinically as a serotonin receptor antagonist and histamine receptor (H1) antagonist, as a novel scaffold of the SET7/9 inhibitor. In this work, we focused on dibenzosuberene as a substructure of cyproheptadine and synthesized derivatives with various functional groups. Among them, the compound bearing a 2‐hydroxy group showed the most potent activity. On the other hand, a 3‐hydroxy group or another hydrophilic functional group such as acetamide decreased the activity. Structural analysis clarified a rationale for the improved potency only by tightly restricted location and type of the hydrophilic group. In addition, a SET7/9 loop, which was only partially visible in the complex with cyproheptadine, became more clearly visible in the complex with 2‐hydroxycyproheptadine. These results are expected to be helpful for further structure‐based development of SET7/9 inhibitors.     

Novel system of electro-catalysts for methanol oxidation based on platinum and organic metal complexes

Novel system of electro-catalysts was developed for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in direct methanol fuel cells. Mixture of platinum tetraammine complex with cobalt quinolyldiamine complex with various mixing ratio was supported on graphite powder, and heat treated at 400-1000 °C in argon atmosphere. Powder thus obtained was put on a graphite disk electrode, and tested for electrochemical MOR in acid media. Although the cobalt complex itself showed almost no catalytic ability for MOR, it enhanced the activity of Pt more than several 10-fold when it was mixed with Pt. MOR performance was best exploited at about equal mixing ratio of platinum and cobalt complexes. Compared with platinum-ruthenium alloy catalysts, the new catalysts exhibited promising catalytic ability. The present investigation revealed good potentiality of organic complex catalysts in combination with metal catalysts for MOR, which opens the way to synthesize and develop a new class of electro-catalysts of low cost through wide range of molecular designing.     

基于线性规划的单杂质间歇过程用水最小化

对间歇化工过程的单杂质用水网络提出了以新鲜水量最小为目标的优化设计方法。该方法对间歇过程的每个操作假定为一个操作接一个储罐,对所有操作按出口浓度从小到大排序,避免了高浓度水回用到低浓度水的操作中,去掉了用水网络中多余的连接,构造了用水网络超结构。该超结构可以表述为一个线性规划模型。通过GAMS求解该模型得出每个操作周期的最小新鲜水量,并通过证明得出该最小用水量随操作周期增加最终不再变化。该方法可以用作有、无中间储罐间歇过程用水网络综合,实例计算结果表明该方法是可行的,与其他方法相比更简单。