新工艺制备半固态A356铝合金浆料

提出了在电磁搅拌制备半固态A356铝合金浆料时插拔Cu棒的一个新工艺.由于在半固态铸锭轴向区域引入低温,可进一步提高电磁搅拌效果,铸锭各部位均由细小α-Al晶粒组成.该工艺还可适当提高低过热度浇注的温度而有利于实际生产.     

Effect of pouring temperature on semi-solid slurry of A356 Al alloy prepared by weak electromagnetic stirring

The semi-solid slurry of A356 Al alloy was manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The effects of pouring temperature on the slurry manufactured by weak electromagnetic stirring were researched. The results indicate that it is feasible to manufacture the slurry with particle-like primary phases by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring, and there is an important effect of the pouring temperature （superheat temperature） on the morphology and the size of primary α -Al in A356 Al alloy. By the action of suitable weak electromagnetic stirring, increasing pouring temperature to put low superheat pouring in practice is capable of obtaining semi-solid slurry of A356 Al alloy with particle-like primary phase. Compared with the samples made only by low superheat pouring without stirring, raising pouting temperature by 15-35℃ above the liquidus temperature under condition of weak electromagnetic stirring can ensure the same grain size and morphology of the primary phase.     

熔体处理和双向电磁搅拌复合快速制浆技术

分析了中间合金微细粉末熔体处理工艺和双向电磁搅拌工艺中,Al-5Ti-B合金粉末粒度、粉末加入量、加入温度、静置时间、中间合金加入顺序、单向旋转时间、电源频率、浇注温度和搅拌时间等工艺参数对A356合金半固态浆料的组织和制备效率的影响规律及其原因,开发出适合于铝合金的熔体处理＋双向电磁搅拌半固态浆料复合制备技术。结果表明：该技术可在20~25 s内制备出α(Al)的形状因子约为0.85、晶粒尺寸为70~80 μm(空冷尺寸)的A356合金半固态浆料。     

Annulus electromagnetic stirring for preparing semisolid A357 aluminum alloy slurry

The effects of pouring temperature and annulus gap width on the microstructure of the semi-solid A357 aluminum alloy slurry prepared by annulus electromagnetic stirring(AEMS) technology were investigated. The results show that low pouring temperature and narrow annulus gap are advantageous to obtaining the small spherical primary α(Al) phase. The lower the pouring temperature is and the smaller the annulus gap width is, the more uniform, the smaller and the more spherical the microstructure is. The microstructures obtained by the ordinary electromagnetic stirring and AEMS were compared. The results indicate that the primary α(Al) particles are globular, small and distribute homogeneously in the slurry obtained by AEMS. But in the slurry obtained by the ordinary electromagnetic stirring, the primary α(Al) particles are small dendrites in the edge of the slurry and they are large and rosette-like or dendritic in the inner of the slurry.     

电磁搅拌下半固态A356铝合金凝固时电磁场-流场数值模拟与实验研究

采用数值模拟,建立磁场二维有限元模型和流场三维有限元模型,研究电磁搅拌参数对磁感应强度、电磁力、半固态铝合金熔体最大流速的影响,以及对初生相的影响。结果表明：由于集肤效应,熔体中电磁力由内向外逐渐增强,磁感应强度随电磁频率的增大呈现出“中心小,边缘大”的特征,且在结晶器径向的0.80R~0.85R处达到最大值;在电磁搅拌频率为25 Hz、电流为4 A、搅拌时间为12 s时,熔体流速较其他参数最大;半固态A356铝合金在650 ℃浇铸后恒温电磁搅拌,在电磁搅拌参数为30 Hz、4 A时搅拌12 s后,590 ℃保温10 min得到的初生相形貌最佳,此时平均等积圆直径为80.6 μm,形状因子为0.78。     

Research on semi-solid slurry of a hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy prepared by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring

The semi-solid slurry of a hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The effects of pouting temperature and stirring power on the semi-solid slurry were investigated. The results indicated that the semi-solid slurry to satisfy rheocasting can be manufactured by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. The pouring temperature （or superheat） and the stirring power remarkably affected the morphology of primary α-Al and the size of primary α-Al, and there is no obvious effect of stirring time on primary α-Al. Compared with the samples made by low superheat pouring with no stirring, the nucleation rate, particle morphology and grain size of primary α-Al in A356 were markedly improved by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring. On the condition of weak electromagnetic stirring, the pouring temperature with low superheat can be suitably raised to reach the effectiveness obtained from the lower pouring temperature without stirring.     

Manufacture technique of semi-solid slurry of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy by low superheat pouring and weak electromagnetic stirring

Semi-solid metal (SSM) process is a relatively new technology that offers distinct advantages over other near-net-shape casting processes, such as a more homogeneous microstructure, less porosity and segregation, and improved mechanical properties[1-3]. SSM can be divided into thixoforming and rheoforming, in which rheoforming is usually advantageous from the point of view of an energy and cost saving when compared with thixoforming, so rheoforming has been paid attention again by engineers i…     

电磁搅拌对7A04铝合金大体积半固态浆料组织的影响

利用可控温电磁搅拌器对7A04变形铝合金进行了大体积(制浆室d180 mm,一次制浆量5 kg以上)半固态流变浆料制备试验,研究电磁搅拌参数对7A04变形铝合金半固态浆料组织及其径向均匀性的影响。结果表明：在本试验条件下,制浆室0.5R处的浆料组织优于制浆室中心和边缘的,随着搅拌频率的增加,制浆室中半固态浆料的组织均匀性降低;较高的搅拌电压和浆料温度下初生α(Al)组织较细。搅拌电压为230 V、熔体温度为638 ℃、搅拌频率为5 Hz时,7A04铝合金大体积半固态浆料组织总体质量最佳,平均等效直径为112 μm。     

Rheo-squeeze casting of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry

The effect of pouring temperature, electromagnetic stirring power and holding process on semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry was investigated, then the slurry was squeeze-cast. The results show that when the pouring temperatures are properly above the liquidus line, for example 630-650 °C, the slurry with spherical primary α(Al) grains can be prepared under the stirring power of 1.27 kW. The slurry is then homogeneously held for a short time, and the primary α(Al) grains are further ripened and distributed evenly in the slurry. The results of the rheo-squeezed casting experiments show that the injection specific pressure has a great effect on the filling ability of the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry, and the higher the injection specific pressure is, the better the ability for the slurry to fill the mould cavity is. When the injection specific pressure is equal to or above 34 MPa, the whole and compact rheo-squeezed castings can be obtained. The microstructure of the castings indicates that the shape, size and numbers of the primary α(Al) grains in different parts of the castings are highly consistent. After being held at 535 °C for 5 h and then aged at 155 °C for 12 h, the ultimate strength of the rheo-squeezed castings can reach 300-320 MPa, the yield strength 230-255 MPa, and the elongation 11%-15%.     

不同温度场下半固态铝-稀土合金初生相形貌

利用Fluent软件主要研究半固态A356稀土合金熔体在施加电磁搅拌后的温度场分布规律以及电磁场对半固态A356稀土合金熔体中初生α相形貌演变的影响。结果表明：在电磁搅拌相同时间(15 s)、不同频率下,熔体在40 Hz时的温度场较5 Hz、15 Hz和30 Hz时的分布更加均匀;半固态A356-Yb合金熔体经620 ℃浇注,在电流频率30 Hz时搅拌15 s,并在590 ℃保温10 min,初生相的平均等积圆直径为62.3 μm,平均形状因子为0.78,此时,晶粒最圆整细小,组织形貌最佳。     

A356铝合金半固态浆料的双向弱电磁搅拌与等温处理工艺的研究

结合弱电磁搅拌和熔体等温保温技术,提出了一种复合浆料制备新工艺:双向弱电磁搅拌+等温保温处理。研究了铝熔体双向弱电磁搅拌后等温温度580~610℃、等温保温时间3~15 min对凝固组织形貌演化规律的影响。结果表明,在不同的等温保温参数作用下,随着温度升高、时间延长,初生相尺寸逐渐细化球化,但等温温度和等温时间存在阈值。超过阈值,初生相反而粗化。经过对比初生相形貌可知,在等温温度600℃、等温时间7 min条件下初生相的尺寸细化和球化程度达到最佳,平均等积圆直径为29.4μm,形状因子0.86。因此,该温度和时间是半固态A356铝合金在复合工艺条件下,匹配合理的熔体等温处理工艺参数。通过该新型复合工艺可制备出品质合格的半固态铝合金浆料。     

双向弱电磁搅拌+等温保温处理制备半固态A356合金浆料的研究*

结合弱电磁搅拌和熔体等温保温技术,提出了一种复合浆料制备新工艺：双向弱电磁搅拌+等温保温处理。研究了铝熔体双向弱电磁搅拌后等温温度580~610℃、等温保温时间3~15min对凝固组织形貌演化规律的影响。结果表明,在不同的等温保温参数作用下,随着温度升高、时间延长,初生相尺寸逐渐细化球化,但等温温度和等温时间存在阈值。超过阈值,初生相反而粗化。经过对比初生相形貌可知,在等温温度600℃、等温时间7min条件下初生相的尺寸细化和球化程度达到最佳,平均等积圆直径为29.4μm,形状因子0.86。因此,该温度和时间是半固态A356铝合金在复合工艺条件下,匹配合理的熔体等温处理工艺参数。通过该新型复合工艺可制备出品质合格的半固态铝合金浆料。     

双向电磁搅拌对半固态A356铝合金凝固组织的影响

采用自行设计的电磁调控装置对结晶器内的铝熔体施加双向电磁搅拌处理,获得凝固组织为球状或类球状初生固相颗粒的半固态浆料,分析在电磁搅拌时间恒定12 s时磁场频率、电磁搅拌方式(单向连续电磁搅拌、双向连续电磁搅拌、双向间歇电磁搅拌)对初生相形貌演化的影响。结果表明：随着磁场频率的增加,初生固相晶粒的生长形态由树枝状、长条状、粗颗粒状转变为球状;晶粒尺寸先减小后增大;磁场频率存在最佳值30 Hz 。此时,初生相α(Al)的平均等积圆直径为38.2 μm,形状因子为0.75。此外,双向连续电磁搅拌作用于液态熔体形成强烈的紊流和惯性冲击,加快凝固体系的质量传输热量传递,合金浆料组织相较于单向连续电磁搅拌、双向间歇电磁搅拌更加细小圆整。     

中间合金及其状态对A356合金半固态浆料组织的影响

通过实验分析了采用A356合金粉末、纯铝粉末、Al-5Ti-B合金粉末和Al-5Ti—B变形合金进行细化处理对A356合金半固态浆料组织的影响。结果表明，在“熔体处理＋双向电磁搅拌”复合制备技术中，加入约0．15％、平均粒度为100μm的Al-5Ti-B合金粉末进行晶粒细化，可在1min左右制备出形状因子大于0．8、晶粒半径为80μm（空冷）A356合金半固态浆料；加入10％-15％的微米级纯铝粉末可取得与Al-5Ti-B变形合金相当的细化效果；而采用平均粒度为100μm的A356合金粉末进行固液混合铸造，不适合于A356合金半固态浆料的快速制备。     

电磁搅拌下混合稀土对半固态A356合金初生α相的细化机理

为获得细小、圆整且分布均匀的半固态A356合金初生α相,向合金熔体中添加了不同含量的混合稀土La和Ce对合金进行变质处理,熔体经620 ℃浇注后,利用变频控制的电磁搅拌装置对熔体进行电磁搅拌15 s并使其在610 ℃保温10 min,观察并分析合金凝固组织中初生α相的形貌与尺寸。利用扫描电镜和能谱仪分析测定La和Ce在基体的分布情况,探讨混合稀土元素在电磁搅拌条件下对初生α相的细化机制。结果表明：La和Ce在电磁搅拌条件下易于均匀分布在初生α相周围,混合稀土元素La与Ce在短时弱电磁搅拌的条件下可以高效地细化半固态A356合金组织,稀土对半固态A356铝合金的初生α相细化机制与稀土在铝合金中产生的共晶反应有关。     

制浆－成形分离式铝合金流变成形技术

采用自主研制的双向多级速电磁搅拌装置、浆料转移工具和涂料、阶梯板流变性能试件和半固态合金压铸模具,开发出一种半固态合金浆料制备系统与工件成形系统分离的铝合金流变成形技术。结果表明：该技术可在20~25 s内制备出形状因子为0.85左右,晶粒尺寸为70~80 μm(空冷尺寸)的A356合金半固态浆料,实现制浆设备与成形设备“一对一”配套;可在浆料温度下降不超过3 ℃的情况下,实现合金浆料从制备系统到压铸机压室的平稳输送;试件的抗拉强度和伸长率分别比液态压铸提高11.6%~18.2%和42.5%~50%;该流变成形技术与传统的成形技术衔接简便。     

Continuous cleaning of A356 alloy melt using high frequency electromagnetic field

A set of device for electromagnetic separation (EMS) was designed and applied to process the continuous flowing melt. Tensile test was employed to compare effect of electromagnetic separation with that of the traditional processes. Compared with filtration by ceramic foam filter and process without filtration, multiple process combined with filtration and electromagnetic separation can effectively remove most of inclusions with diameter finer than 10μm in A356 alloy casting, hence improve its tensile properties. After being processed by electromagnetic filtration,the tensile strength of A356 scrap is enhanced by 8.27%, approaching the level of fresh A356 alloy.     

Effects of casting speed on microstructure and segregation of electromagnetically stirred Aluminum alloy in continuous casting process

Recently, a semi-solid metal processing has been acknowledged as a cost-effective technique to be able to manufacture high quality product for the transportation industry.In this study a hypo-eutectic Al alloy was fabricated by means of an electromagnetic stirrer in continuous casting process and the microstructural change during solidification due to a fluid flow by electromagnetic stirring was examined.Due to the forced fluid flow during solidification a dendritic phase of primary α phase of Al alloy was turned into a globular phase, which can make the Al alloy get a thixotropic behavior in the semi-solid region.In order to establish the quantitative relationship between microstructure and the process parameters, the morphology shape, a silicon distribution and a size of primary α phase were observed according to casting speed in continuous casting machine.The primary α phase was turned into the degenerate dendrites approaching a spherical configuration with increasing casting speed.The fine-grained and equiaxed microstructure appeared at higher casting speed.A segregation behavior of Si element was declined with increasing casting speed and a very uniform distribution of Si element was observed on the billet at a casting speed of 600 mm·min-1.A thickness of the solidifying shell of the billet was shortened with increasing the casting speed.     

热处理对半固态A356铝合金挤压铸件组织与性能的影响

将低温浇注制备的半固态A356铝合金坯料加热至半固态浇注、挤压成形。采用正交试验法研究了固溶、时效对半固态A356铝合金挤压铸件组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,时效时间对抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率影响最大,且都是随着时效时间增长先上升后下降;试验6获得较好的综合力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别为340 MPa、325 MPa、9.56%。     

A356合金流变压铸成型试验研究

采用自行设计的台阶板流变性能试件和半固态合金压铸模具,对A356合金的制浆-成形分离式流变压铸技术进行了试验研究。结果表明,选用适当的坩埚结构和涂料配方,采用搅拌坩埚直接输送半固态合金浆料,可简便快速地实现合金浆料从制备系统到成形系统的转移,从而实现二者的分离;在优化后的流变压铸工艺(增压压力180MPa,模具温度200～220℃)下,试件的抗拉强度和断后伸长率(Rm=280～310MPa,A=12%～15%)分别比液态压铸提高11.6%～18.2%和42.5%～50%;在适当的压铸工艺下,流变压铸充型过程平稳,不易发生紊流,试样的内部组织致密,且具有一定的热处理强化潜力。