ZJ15钻机车被确认为国家级新产品

江汉石油管理局第四石油机械厂最近收到由国家经贸委颁发的确认对15钻机车为1997年度国家级新产品证书。至此，该厂已有修井机、固井水泥车和酸化压裂车等10余项产品获得国家级新产品称号。ZJ15钻机车是该厂在多年生产力系列修井机的基础上，根据油田用户的需要研制的。主要由1     

先进适用的酸化压裂车

江汉第四石油机械厂研制的YLC70-265型酸化压裂车于1993年6月30日通过了中国石油天然气总公司组织的专家鉴定，受到与会的有关油田，大专院校、科研单位和地方检测、管理部门专家的较高评价，认为该项产品是目前国内先进适用的酸化压裂作业设备。     

基于引进消化的2000型压裂机组国产化研制

进行压裂、酸化施工作业需要成套的压裂设备。我国油田从20世纪90年代末开始从国外引进2000型成套压裂机组,但国外进口机组不仅整机的价格高、配件和易损件的供应难以保证,而且部分结构和功能不适合我国国情。在引进消化的同时,第四石油机械厂完成了国产1800型压裂机组的设计和生产;2010年研制生产出YLC105-1490型压裂车,使2000型成套压裂机组国产化成为现实。     

南阳石油机械厂滩涂修井机被评为国家级新产品

最近,国家科委发出评定通知,南阳石油机械厂研制的滩涂油田修井机被评为国家级新产品。　　　滩涂修井机是南阳石油机械厂为适应滩涂、泥泞地区油井作业条件,与胜利油田联合开发的一种新型修井设备。该产品可广泛应用于滩涂泥泞地区边远井、废弃井、高难作业井的修井增效?..     

南阳石油机械厂中标海洋修井机研制项目——首台国产80吨级海洋修井机明年5月交付渤海石油公司

<正> 7月16日,南阳石油机械厂在首台国产80吨级海洋修井机研制项目招标中中标,并与中国海洋石油总公司、渤海石油公司签订了研制和产销合同。这标志着我国海洋修井作业设备单纯依赖进口的局面有所改变。 该研制项目技术含量大、质量要求高、交货期短,南阳石油机械厂为此进行了充分的论证和准备。根据合同,由南阳石油机械厂独立研制的首台国产80吨级海洋修井机将于明年5月30日交付渤海石油公     

SJX5200TYL70型酸化压裂车

江汉第四石油机械厂生产的SJX5200TYL70型酸化压裂车，吸收了国内外压裂车的长处，结合国情进行了优化处理，整车设计新颖，技术先进，性能稳定，布局合理，维修方便。采用了液，气、电联合控制，使全部操作集中于一个操作室内。方便灵活。高压旋塞阀首次在国内采用气动控制：设有两套高压测量装置。另有超压自动保护装置，以确保压裂的可靠和安全：设有舒适的操作室，解决了作业工人长期以来的日晒雨淋之苦。该车在目前国产型酸化压裂车中处于领先地位，达到了国外同类型产品的技术水平。     

XJ350修井机

<正> 由石油部第四石油机械厂、第二石油机械厂和江汉石油管理局总机厂以及钻采设备研究所合作研制的XJ350修井机,已于一九八三年十二月通过鉴定,并决定开始小批生产。现将XJ350修井机的情况介绍如下: 一、结构 XJ350修井机为双滚筒自走式修井机(图1)。它主要包括五轴自走车底盘、122型水     

国内压裂车制造业发展回顾与展望

随着复杂油气藏、低渗透油田、煤层气田的开发及公司模式的不断完善 ,对压裂施工提出了更高的要求。压裂 (酸化 )设备具备大功率、大排量和高压力。国内压裂设备制造业经过近 5 0a的发展 ,为中国石油工业的发展作出了很大贡献。 2 0世纪 80年代 ,江汉第四石油机械厂引进了西方公司的WRR 15 0 0型压裂车制造技术和Cooper公司OPI压裂泵制造技术后 ,在引进消化的基础上开发出系列压裂车 ,缩短了与国外的差距。1　国内压裂设备制造业的发展历程随着我国陆上油田的开发 ,我国先后开发、研制了压力为 5 0～ 14 0MPa的各型压裂车。为实现低渗透…     

HR440B连续油管车组运行良好

四川石油管理局井下作业处近年来从海德瑞公司引进的ＨＲ44 0Ｂ连续油管车组和井下作业配套专用工具 ,具备液压修井机的全部功能 ,能很好地配合压裂酸化、加砂压裂施工作业 ,并与其它设备配套完成一些井下特殊作业。它能实施洗井、冲砂、酸浸、排液、落物打捞与磨铣、切割、钻水泥塞、扩井眼、送放和打捞桥塞、射孔及水平井测井等多种作业。ＨＲ44 0Ｂ连续油管车组自引进投产以来 ,已进行过2 0余井次井下特殊作业施工 ,其运行状况良好 ,功能见效明显。该车组在四川东部地区深井井下落物打捞和长井段冲砂作业中获成功应用 ,还在大港油田乌深 …     

被列入国家高技术产业化推进项目 南阳石油机械厂大吨位修井机系列

近日,国家发展计划委员会发文,下达一批高技术产业化推进项目,南阳石油机械厂研制的大吨位修井机系列产品名列其中。这标志着该厂80～120ｔ级的石油修井装备开始跨上产业化的高度。过去,国内只能生产80ｔ级以下的小型修井机,大吨位修井机需从国外进口。南阳石油机械厂逐步...     

对准噶尔盆地南缘上白垩统分布的新认识

通过对准噶尔盆地南缘重点探井的跟踪研究，于多口探井中相继发现了晚白垩世介形类动物化石，这些化石点在面上的不断增多，为研究盆地南缘上白垩统分布提供了相当重要的古生物化石依据。现有资料表明，准噶尔盆地南缘晚白垩世沉积不限于东沟组一套沉积物，还表明南安集海河以西无疑存在上白垩统     

FLOCCULATION OF ASPHALTENES AT HIGH PRESSURE. II. CALCULATION OF THE ONSET OF FLOCCULATION

The influence of pressure on the onset of flocculation of asphaltenes was calculated in the region from 1 to 300 bar and from 50 to 100°C. These calculations are the counterpart to our experimental data which, recently, have been reported in part 1 of an equally titled article [9]. As gas component methane and as precipitant i-octane were used. The asphaltene flocculation was considered to be a liquid-liquid equilibrium. For modelling the van der Waals equation of state (vdW-EOS) in the framework of continuous thermodynamics was applied. The composition of the crude oil was described by a continuous distribution function with respect to the solubility parameter δ of the Scatchard-Hildebrand theory. Within the distribution the asphaltenes represent the species with the highest δ-values. For oils with a very low content of asphaltenes the model developed describes the experimental flocculation data reasonably. In accordance to the experimental data the model predicts that, in the considered pressure range, without addition of i-octane asphaltene flocculation does not occur. However, on contrary to the experimental results, the model predicts the asphaltenes to show a higher flocculation tendency with increasing asphaltene content of the crude oil. For very high asphaltene contents the model even completely fails. Probably, the reason of this lack is the disregarding of asphaltene association.     

AIR OXIDATION OF EASTERN OIL SHALES OF KENTUCKY. II. THE EFFECTS OF AMBIENT AUTOXIDATION

Ambient air oxidation leads to lower Fischer assay oil yields and often lower process yields from retorting of eastern oil shales. Slight changes in the kerogen and mineral matter of the oil shale and in its pyrolysis products, both liquid and gaseous, were evident following autoxidation. Experimental observations suggest that the hydrogen deficiency of eastern kerogen, as compared to western kerogen, makes its synfuel potential (by Fischer assay) a more sensitive function of the degree of oxidation.

A better yield of oil from oxidized eastern oil shale could be obtained by dissolving away sulfates and other water soluble oxidized materials prior to retorting. The air oxidation of pyrite was demonstrated by SEH, and addition of iron(II) sulfate was shown to reduce assay oil yields. Such observations suggest that combusted shale may not always be a suitable heat transfer agent for atmospheric pressure retorting applications.     

FLOCCULATION OF ASPHALTENES AT HIGH PRESSURE. I. EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE ONSET OF FLOCCULATION

The influence of pressure on the onset of flocculation of asphaltenes was investigated in the pressure range from 1 to 300 bar and at temperatures of 55, 75, and 100°C. Methane was employed as gas component, and i-octane was used as precipitant. The onset of flocculation was determined with a light intensity meter. Three crude oils of different provenance were chosen for the investigations. The crude oils were stabilized in a rotary evaporator at 50 mbar and 180°C, and a part of stabilized products were mixed with different amounts of n-octane or methylcyclohexane. The dependence of the onset of flocculation on the pressure is analogous for all products. The required volume of i-octane decreases strongly with pressure up to 100 bar. Above 100 bar the influence of the pressure diminishes. This dependence corresponds with the solubility of methane in crude oil products. The amount of light hydrocarbons determines the position of the pressure dependence of the onset of flocculation. Without the addition of i-octane, the onset of flocculation could not be ascertained. The observed kinetics of flocculation depends on the asphaltene content as well as on the pressure. The influence of dispersing agents was also examined.     

FLOCCULATION OF ASPHALTENES AT HIGH PRESSURE. I. EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE ONSET OF FLOCCULATION

The influence of pressure on the onset of flocculation of asphaltenes was investigated in the pressure range from 1 to 300 bar and at temperatures of 55, 75, and 100°C. Methane was employed as gas component, and i-octane was used as precipitant. The onset of flocculation was determined with a light intensity meter. Three crude oils of different provenance were chosen for the investigations. The crude oils were stabilized in a rotary evaporator at 50 mbar and 180°C, and a part of stabilized products were mixed with different amounts of n-octane or methylcyclohexane. The dependence of the onset of flocculation on the pressure is analogous for all products. The required volume of i-octane decreases strongly with pressure up to 100 bar. Above 100 bar the influence of the pressure diminishes. This dependence corresponds with the solubility of methane in crude oil products. The amount of light hydrocarbons determines the position of the pressure dependence of the onset of flocculation. Without the addition of i-octane, the onset of flocculation could not be ascertained. The observed kinetics of flocculation depends on the asphaltene content as well as on the pressure. The influence of dispersing agents was also examined.     

AIR OXIDATION OF EASTERN OIL SHALES OF KENTUCKY. II. THE EFFECTS OF AMBIENT AUTOXIDATION

ABSTRACT

Ambient air oxidation leads to lower Fischer assay oil yields and often lower process yields from retorting of eastern oil shales. Slight changes in the kerogen and mineral matter of the oil shale and in its pyrolysis products, both liquid and gaseous, were evident following autoxidation. Experimental observations suggest that the hydrogen deficiency of eastern kerogen, as compared to western kerogen, makes its synfuel potential (by Fischer assay) a more sensitive function of the degree of oxidation.

A better yield of oil from oxidized eastern oil shale could be obtained by dissolving away sulfates and other water soluble oxidized materials prior to retorting. The air oxidation of pyrite was demonstrated by SEH, and addition of iron(II) sulfate was shown to reduce assay oil yields. Such observations suggest that combusted shale may not always be a suitable heat transfer agent for atmospheric pressure retorting applications.     

AIR OXIDATION OF EASTERN OIL SHALES OF KENTUCKY. I. OXYGEN UPTAKE

The Devonian oil shale of Kentucky (Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale) proves to be more susceptible to air oxidation than a high sulfur coal such as Western Kentucky No. 9, and much more susceptible than the Eocene Green River Formation shale of Colorado. The Mississippian oil shale (Sunbury Shale) is also readily air oxidized. Oxygen uptake per 100-grams organic carbon content over 10 hours at 30*C taken from plots of oxygen uptake vs. time is as follows: Ohio Shale, 650 cc; Sunbury Shale, 200 cc; Green River Formation shale, 50 cc; Ky No. 9 coal, 40 cc.

Special care in protecting samples from autoxidaion is required if good assays and analyses are to be obtained. The aging chacacteristics of eastern oil shales could potentially affect mining, transportation, crushing, screening, and stockpiling of feedstocks, particularly fines, for a commercial oil shale operation in Kentucky.     

青藏高原的崛起与塔西南坳陷的形成和演化

青藏高原地质特征综合分析表明,高原的隆升主要是由于青藏板块仰冲到塔里木—中朝板块之上造成的。在重力的作用下,周缘地区形成一系列前陆型盆地,塔西南坳陷即是其中之一。它是第四纪以来青藏板块在向北仰冲推进过程中,主要由重力均衡和沉积负荷双重作用影响下快速沉降形成,昆仑山前复杂的地层和构造系统是青藏板块在向前推进过程中不断掀起下部板块的表层地层及新近沉积层叠合的结果     

AIR OXIDATION OF EASTERN OIL SHALES OF KENTUCKY. I. OXYGEN UPTAKE

ABSTRACT

The Devonian oil shale of Kentucky (Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale) proves to be more susceptible to air oxidation than a high sulfur coal such as Western Kentucky No. 9, and much more susceptible than the Eocene Green River Formation shale of Colorado. The Mississippian oil shale (Sunbury Shale) is also readily air oxidized. Oxygen uptake per 100-grams organic carbon content over 10 hours at 30?C taken from plots of oxygen uptake vs. time is as follows: Ohio Shale, 650 cc; Sunbury Shale, 200 cc; Green River Formation shale, 50 cc; Ky No. 9 coal, 40 cc.

Special care in protecting samples from autoxidaion is required if good assays and analyses are to be obtained. The aging chacacteristics of eastern oil shales could potentially affect mining, transportation, crushing, screening, and stockpiling of feedstocks, particularly fines, for a commercial oil shale operation in Kentucky.     

对三塘湖盆地基底的认识

根据三塘湖盆地区域构造及重力、磁力、电性特征,提出了盆地基底有双重结构的看法,深层基底是由前寒武纪古老结晶基底与西部另一地体或陆缘碎块及洋壳残片的拼接而成,之后又叠加了以海西期火成岩为主的浅层褶皱基底.基底结构的这种双重性明显影响着盖层的构造特征;盆地东部由于存在深层刚性基底,抑制了盖层的后期构造变形,在盖层中往往形成大面积的宽缓的构造圈闭;盆地西部由于不具刚性基底,盖层中往往形成线性褶皱和断阶、断块;现今的构造格局基本受控于浅层(下石炭统)基底.