速冻面制食品速冻工艺参数的研究

主要阐述了我国传统面制食品－－小笼包子（发酵型）和饺子（非发酵型）速冻工艺技术问题和原料面粉品质要求，通过大量实验数据探索速冻面制食品最佳工艺参数和速冻食品专用面粉的品质指标，以期在大生产中加以验证和应用，提高速冻食品品质。     

速冻食品及其肉制品类的速冻技术

随着人民生活水平的提高，人们的饮食品位也在不断升级，作为速冻食品，因其独特的特点，而且营养丰富，新鲜可口，产品畅销国内外，深受欢迎。本文仅对速冻肉制品类的速冻加工技术作一综述介绍。     

速冻对生肉制品的影响

冻结温度下，肉组ＡＴＰ降解及糖元酵解反应被抑制，从而提高制品的保水性，降低了汁液流失量。对肉的感官品质及形态学品质亦有不同程度的影响。     

速冻调理米粉的研制与开发

本文介绍速冻调理米粉的生产工艺,着重探讨速冻工艺对产品质量以及解冻复热条件对产品食用品质的影响。     

磷酸盐在速冻水饺中的应用

随着经济的飞速发展,速冻食品的发展也不断加快.在速冻食品的品质和销量得到不断提高的同时,也存在一些问题有待改善和提高.速冻饺子的馅料主要是肉类和蔬菜,速冻水饺冷冻过程中品质会受到损伤,出现冷冻后肉变粗,煮后肉馅变稠等现象.为了解决这个问题,可以在水饺制作过程中添加磷酸盐,以提高速冻水饺的口感.     

速冻水饺复合改良剂的研制

为提高速冻水饺的品质,通过单因素和正交试验,对几种食品添加剂对速冻水饺品质的影响进行研究。结果表明：乳酸钠和复合磷酸盐能显著提高产品的质量;添加剂的复配使用具有更好的效果,其最佳复合配方为：0．2％复合磷酸盐＋0．3％乳酸纳＋0．4％瓜尔豆胶＋0．1％黄原胶。添加复合品质改良剂的水饺,经过速冻和蒸煮后,产品完整性良好,煮后不混汤。     

速冻鱼丸的工业化生产

本文探讨以新鲜链鱼为原料加工制作速冻鱼丸的工艺和要点，着重小斩拌、拌馅工序，提出配料中添加３％的食盐、２０％的淀粉可提高鱼丸成品品质 。     

速冻及冷冻储藏对糯米制品水分变化及品质影响研究进展

我国糯米制品种类繁多，因高水分含量、淀粉回生老化及微生物等因素限制了该类淀粉基产品在工业化食品中的应用。速冻是一种能有效延缓糯米制品品质劣变的方法，研究冷冻体系下糯米制品的品质变化及其机理，可为发展速冻类糯米制品提供一定理论基础。本文综述了糯米制品在速冻及冷冻储藏过程中水分、淀粉等成分的变化以及对其品质的影响，同时总结了冷冻体系下微生物对该类制品的潜在风险，并进一步提出了糯米制品品质控制与改良的建议，以期促进速冻糯米制品产业的发展。     

出口速冻蔬菜的品质控制

针对国际市场对速冻蔬菜品质及安全卫生要求不断提高和国内出口速冻蔬菜加工、原料菜种植中存在的问题，论述了出口速冻蔬菜原料的管理，以及生产加工过程中品质、规格及卫生要求的控制，介绍了进口国的一些先进经验及法规。     

速冻蔬菜的品质控制

速冻蔬菜的品质控制宦银根（江苏连云港如意集团股份有限公司，连云港２２２００２）速冻蔬菜是指采用新鲜、洁净、卫生的原料，经过修整、分级、热烫后，在一定的低温条件下，迅速通过最大冰晶生成区，使产品中心温度迅速达到并稳定在－１８℃以下的产品，它能使蔬菜较大...     

纺纱牵伸胶辊胶圈应用技术概要

阐述棉纺牵伸胶辊、胶圈的应用技术和牵伸原理,重点探讨了胶辊、胶圈的牵伸工艺特性及其合理配置、胶辊制作、周期管理、质量管理、使用管理、产品缺陷与其机械波分析、纺纱环境和挡车工操作水平对纺纱性能的影响,提出胶辊、胶圈有关机件的质量要求等。     

赛络纺纱钢领、钢丝圈的选配实践

为了提高赛络纺纱成纱质量,减少细纱断头,从钢领、钢丝圈的种类,卷绕过程中对纺纱的影响及其运动配合等诸多因素出发,论述了钢领、钢丝圈的选配原则,重点阐述了赛络纺纱钢丝圈运动形态的变化及钢领、钢丝圈的选配要求,通过纯棉、非棉纤维纺纱的选配实践,指出赛络纺纱线毛羽少,结构紧密,应根据纺纱纤维性能和纺纱特点,以纱线通道通畅降毛羽、运行平稳少断头、散热良好延长使用寿命为原则对钢领、钢丝圈进行选配。     

服装的空间形态辨析

从分析服装空间形态的构成要素入手,通过中西方服装空间形态的比较,阐述服装形态在空间关系上的相关问题,对服装的形态类型、要素构成和内外构成等方面进行了较详细的探讨和分析,印证了人类在同一服装原生状态基础上所产生的造型差异,是由于不同人对服装空间形态的认识方式和服饰审美观念存在差异所致。认为无论是东方式的平面构成或是西方式的立体构成,服装的形态都是在不同时代、不同地域和文化中被人们以不同的空间构成方式创造出来的。辨析服装空间形态及其构成方式,为现代服装的造型设计提供了一条丰富服装创意思维的现实途径。     

Human risk assessment and TEFs

The concept of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) has been developed to facilitate risk assessment and regulatory control of exposure to complex PCDD, PCDF and PCB mixtures. Recently the European Centre for Environment and Health of the World Health Organization (WHO-ECEH) and the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) jointly reevaluated the TEFs of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs for mammals and derived consensus TEFs for birds and fish (Stockholm, 1997). From a mechanistic point of view it can be concluded that, although the quantitative response will vary depending on the congener involved, the occurrence of a common mechanism (binding to the Ah receptor) legitimates the use of the TEF concept across species. But there also is criticism regarding the TEF concept. Pharmacokinetic differences between species can significantly influence the TEF value, and uncertainties due to additive or nonadditive interactions, to differences in species responsiveness and to differences in the shape of the dose response curve might hamper the derivation of consensus TEF values. In this context it should be noted, however, that using TCDD alone, as the only measure of exposure to dioxin-like PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs, would severely underestimate the risk from exposure to these compounds. Therefore, it can be concluded that, for pragmatic reasons, the TEF concept remains the most feasible approach for risk assessment purposes, in spite of the uncertainties associated with its use.     

集体落纱快装纱管用铝杆锭子设计

为提高空纱管安装效率,分析集体落纱细纱机特点,介绍了锭子杆盘结构型式,说明目前国内铝杆锭子多采用支持器弹簧加支持器帽的结构,虽能基本满足集体自动落纱细纱机的生产需要,但仍存在机械手安装空纱管时动作较多、动作精度不高、且易撞到锭子问题,易对锭子造成损坏并缩短锭子使用寿命的缺陷,重点对新设计的快速安装纱管的铝杆锭子的结构及原理进行分析,指出将弹簧支持器帽换成钢珠,可以大大缩短集体落纱细纱机机械手安装空纱管时间、降低对机械手动作精度的要求,且不损坏锭子、不影响锭子使用寿命,实现了节能降耗、安装效率高的目的。     

11—AN INVESTIGATION OF THE AIR-JET BULKING PROCESS

Experiments aimed at investigating the mechanism of the air-jet bulking or texturing process led to an interesting observation that the textured yarn emerging from the venturi was rotating in such a way as would temporarily untwist the yarn while it was in the jet. The indication is that false-twisting (or untwisting) occurs owing to the vorticity of the turbulent air in the wake of the yarn feed needle that bifurcates the air-stream. The various yarn-processing conditions separately affect the amount of false twist inserted. There is evidence to show that the direction of the vortex, and hence of the untwisting action, is dependent on whether the angular displacement of the feed needle from its central position is in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. A suggested mechanism of the process based on the untwisting and retwisting of the overfed filaments offers an explanation for the characteristic locked-in loop structure of air-bulked yarns.     

39—THE FLOW OF LIQUID FROM A JET THROUGH A COMPRESSIBLE POROUS LAYER. PART III: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID FLOW THROUGH A COMPRESSIBLE LAYER OF LOOSE WOOL

The effects on the conditions of flow of the surface and configurational properties of the fibres in a compressible porous layer are discussed. The characteristics of a layer of wool are evaluated, and its compressibility is determined. It is shown that, when a liquid of initial uniform pressure flows through a compressible porous medium, the pressure gradient within the medium increases with the distance of flow. The resulting pressure drop is found to depend on a function of the ratio of the downstream to the upstream porosity of the compressible medium. Experimental results are reported for permeable flow through various layers of loose wool; these indicate that, when the flow is disturbed turbulent, the pressure drop through the layers is proportional to the square of the filter velocity. This result is not readily apparent from the graphs of pressure drop against filter velocity because of the compressibility of the fibres.     

Combined microscopic and dynamic rheological methods for studying the structural breakdown properties of whey protein gels and emulsion filled gels

The microstructural and large deformation rheological properties of model food gels were studied by performing notch propagation tensile testing on the gels using a tensile stage and observing changes in the microstructure of the gels during tensile testing using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Heat-set whey protein (WP) gels containing either added sodium caseinate (NaCN) or sunflower oil droplets emulsified with WP or NaCN as the emulsifier protein were prepared in 0 or 50 mM NaCl. The WP gel structure strengthened in the presence of added NaCl and NaCN. The rheological properties of WP gels containing sunflower oil droplets emulsified with WP or NaCN were influenced by the NaCl concentration, oil concentration and extent of oil droplet aggregation in the gel or by the type of emulsifier protein used. During tensile testing, the notch length in all gels increased above a certain critical stress, leading to fracture of the gels through the notch. Also, the microstructural changes in the oil phase of emulsion filled gels subjected to tensile testing were influenced by the structural properties of the WP gel matrix and the proximity of the oil droplet to the fracture path.     

高校宝石及材料工艺学专业的构建研究

通过回顾高校宝石及材料工艺学专业的创建历程,深入探讨了该专业未来发展所面临的、深层次的理论问题,即学科属性与文化背景,学科构成与知识内涵,学科方向与实践定位,学科任务与社会功能。在此基础上,建立了多层次技术教育的社会功能模型,由此推断：高校中的宝石及材料工艺学专业属于多层次技术教育中的高等职业技术教育。同时,还构建了该专业的技术教育的社会功能模型和学科构成模型,进一步确立了该专业的社会实践定位。