NH2（CH2）2NH（CH2）3Si（OEt）3／SiO2ER流体的流变特性

研究用二氧化硅负载ｎ－β（氨乙基）－γ（氨丙基）三乙氧基硅烷［ＮＨ２（ＣＨ２）２ＮＨ（ＣＨ２）３Ｓｉ（ＯＥｔ）３］作为分散颗粒制备的电流变（ＥＲ）流体的流变行为。结果发现，流体具有宾汉流体的特点。以硅油为分散介质，含２０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）分散颗粒的流体，不添加任何活化剂，在剪切速率（ｒ）为８．０６６ｓ－１时，电场强度（Ｅ）从０升至１．５０ｋＶ／ｍｍ，表观粘度（ηａ）从０．３５Ｐａ·ｓ增大到２６．５Ｐａ·ｓ。ｒ提高，ηａ降低。改变电场强度、分散颗核含量、分散介质种类和添加极性分子，可以改变流体的剪切应力和表观粘度，但不能改变流型。     

温和条件下介孔分子筛MCM-41的修饰与表征

在温和条件下,以３－氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为偶联剂,修饰介孔分子筛 ＭＣＭ－４１（Ｓｉ／Ａｌ＝３５）,成功地将有机官能团引入到介孔分子筛孔道中,制备了一种无机一有机复合材料ＭＣＭ－（ＣＨ_２）_３ＮＨ_２,以 ＸＲＤ、ＦＴＩＲ、ＤＴＡ－ＴＧＡ、 Ｎ_２吸附－脱附和 ＨＲＥＭ表征了复合材料;结果表明：有机基团－（ＣＨ_２）_３ＮＨ_２不仅进人孔道、修饰了ＭＣＭ－４１的孔壁,而且使介孔分子筛ＭＣＭ－４１保持了有序的孔道结构．     

气相反应法合成超细粉末过程中的r~＊叶和晶型的研究

本文以ＳｉＣｌ４－ＮＨ３、ＳｉＣｌ４－Ｏ２、ＳｉＣｌ４－Ｎ２－Ｈ２、ＴｉＣｌ４－ＮＨ３－Ｈ２、ＴｉＣｌ４－Ｎ２－Ｈ２、ＴｉＣｌ４－Ｏ２、ＡｌＣｌ３－Ｏ２等为体系，运用均匀成核理论，研究了平衡常数Ｋｐ、过饱和比Ｓ及临界核半径，ｒ＊等因素对气相反应法中超细粉末的形成及粉末结构状态的影响．结果表明，当２ｒ＊大于某物质的晶格常数时，用气相反应法得到的该物质的超细粉末一般为晶体粉末，反之则得到无定形粉末．     

(Si-,Al-)陶瓷化木材的化学方法

以 ＡｌＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ为原料,制备高盐基度碱式氯化铝 Ａｌ２（ＯＨ）ｎＣｌ６－ｎ,作为催化剂及网络形成剂参与陶瓷前驱体中ＴＥＯＳ、ＧＰＴＭＳ的水解、缩聚反应．将其注入木材并热处理,得到高性能的（ＡＩ－, Ｓｉ－）陶瓷化木材     

高氢稀释硅烷加乙烯法制备纳米硅碳薄膜

在等离子体化学气相沉积系统（ＰＥＣＶＤ）中，使用高氢稀释硅烷（ＳｉＨ４）加乙烯（Ｃ２Ｈ４）为反应气氛制备了纳米硅碳（ｎｃ－ＳｉＣｘ＾２Ｈ）薄膜，随着（Ｃ２Ｈ４＋ＳｉＨ４）／Ｈ２（Ｘｇ）从５％时，由于Ｈ蚀刻效应的减弱，薄膜的晶态率从４８％下降到８％，平均晶粒尺寸在３．５－１０ｎｍ。当Ｘｇ≥６％时，生成薄膜为非晶硅碳（ａ－ＳｉＣｘ＾２Ｈ）薄膜。ｎｃ－ＳｉＣｘ＾２Ｈ薄膜的电学性质具有与薄膜的晶态率紧密相     

常压MOCVD制备MgO薄膜的研究

本文首次报道用常压金属有机化学气相沉积（ＡＰ－ＭＯＣＶＤ）在Ｓｉ（１００），ＳｉＯ２／Ｓｉ（１００）和Ｐｔ／Ｓｉ（１００）衬底上外延高质量的ＭｇＯ薄膜。研究了衬底温度与薄膜的取向性关系和ＭｇＯ薄膜的潮解特性。高纯ｍａｇｎｅｓｉｕｍａｃｅｔｙｌａｃｅｔｏｎａｔｅ［ｂｉｓ（２，４－ｐｅｎｔａｎｅｔａｎｅ－ｄｉｏｎｏ）ｍａｇｎｅｓｉｕｍ］［Ｍｇ（ＣＨ２ＣＯＣＨ２ＣＯＣＨ３）２］作为金属有机源，扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ），透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）和Ｘ－ＲＡＹ衍射实验显示，在较低的衬底温度（～４８０℃）下一次淀积成单晶膜。薄膜均匀，致密，结晶性和取向性很好，衬底温度（Ｔｓ）在４００℃到６８０℃之间，在Ｓｉ（１００）衬底上生长的ＭｇＯ薄膜都具有［１００］取向，在Ｓｉ（１００）、ＳｉＯ２／Ｓｉ（１００）和Ｐｔ／Ｓｉ（１００）衬底上生长的ＭｇＯ薄膜也都具有［１００］取向。     

（CH3）2SiCl2和N2H4反应产物裂解逸出气体与粉体组成关系的研究

采用（ＣＨ３）２ＳｉＣｌ２和Ｎ２Ｈ４反应产物为先驱体，在Ｈ２，ＮＨ３气条件下，用ＣＶＤ法制备Ｓｉ／Ｃ／Ｎ的纳米微粉，在制备Ｓｉ／Ｃ／Ｎ纳米微粉的过程中通过高温炉－气相色谱联用技术分析了裂解逸出的气体，用化学法分析了微粉中元素组成变化，讨论了先驱体Ｈ２，ＮＨ３气体条件下的裂解机理及微粉的形成机理。     

Al2O3和Y2O3包覆的SiC复合粒子制备

本文利用非均匀成核法,将Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３和Ｙ（ＯＨ）３均匀地包覆在ＳｉＣ粒子表面,制备出被覆Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｙ２Ｏ的ＳｉＣ复合粒子,包覆Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３的ＳｉＣ粒子,其等电点ＩＥＰ的ｐＨ＝３．４移至ｐＨ＝７．３,再用Ｙ（ＯＨ）３包覆表面被覆Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３的ＳｉＣ复合粒子后,其等电点ＩＥＰ又从ｐＨ＝７．３移至ｐＨ＝８．６ｄａｄｋ。     

添加Al_2O_3对SiC板粒／Y－TZP复合材料力学性能的影响

本文以ＳｉＣ板粒、ＺｒＯＣｌ２－８Ｈ２Ｏ、ＡｌＣｌ３和Ｙ（ＭＯ）３为原料，利用共沉淀和热压烧结工艺，制备ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ和（含Ａｌ２Ｏ３）ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合材料．测试了材料的室温和高温力学性能．研究了添加Ａｌ２Ｏ３对ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＯ复合材料的影响．结果表明，ＳｉＣ板粒／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合材料与Ｙ－ＴＺＰ陶瓷相比，其室温强度和韧性出现明显下降，高温强度也没有改善；而在ＳｉＣ板粒与Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合的基础上，添加Ａｌ２Ｏ３可明显提高材料的强度和断裂韧性，同时，材料的高温强度也获得显著改善．     

Si及α－Al_2O_3超细粉对Al_2O_3－ZrO_2－C系材料显微结构的影

本文探讨了Ｓｉ及α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉对Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｃ系材料显微结构的影响．认为在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｃ系材料中同时加入Ｓｉ和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉，Ｓｉ粉除了与Ｃ生成了ＳｉＣ纤维外，其反应产物ＳｉＯ２还与α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉及ＺｒＯ２生成了莫来石（Ａ３Ｓ２）和Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２（ＡＺＳ）固溶体，这些新生成的矿物相对试样的显微结构产生重要的作用．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.