擦拭巾市场发展专题——擦拭巾在经济动荡保持增长

擦拭巾产品在近年来发展迅速,从婴儿护理擦拭巾为主导产品发展成为多种用途的擦拭巾共存的繁荣市场。擦拭巾产品因其使用的便利性受到消费者的青睐。而消费者对产品可持续性及功能性的要求不断提高,擦拭巾产品生产商、原料和设备供应商正在加快产品创新,以迎合消费者不断提高的需求。本刊选取的3篇文章分析了擦拭巾产品总体市场概况,细分市场发展情况以及介绍迎合消费者需求的创新产品。     

非织造布：擦拭巾中的“洗唰唰”

日用清洁擦拭巾在发达国家早已成熟，成为洗涤制品的一个专业化细分市场。如在北美，擦拭巾年销量约20亿美元，年增长7％，2011年将达到23亿美元。其中，非织造布制品占据一半市场，产品包括地板擦拭巾、抗菌擦拭巾、抛光擦拭巾等家用擦拭品和用于机器保洁维护的工业专用擦拭巾。     

擦拭巾的用途、益处及其基材

工业化和城市化已使居民的住宅区密集于城市中心,也是商业活动的中心。工业化提高了人民的收入水平,使中产阶级人群扩大,这样就有更多的人可享用有附加值的一次性消费品,包括洁面用擦拭巾、湿擦拭巾和个人卫生用擦拭巾以及家庭清洁用擦拭巾等省时省力的产品。产业用和消费者用擦拭巾使用量的增加与现代化和较高的消费意识相结合,成就了擦拭巾需求的全球性增长。本篇评论文章介绍了擦拭巾的用途和优点,以及擦拭巾用非织造布的相关情况。     

个人护理用擦拭巾市场

越来越多的消费者想通过擦拭巾的技术进步达到便捷的清洁方式,因此全球个人护理用擦拭巾生产商都设法保持自己的领先地位。很多人都热哀购买省时、使用方便和性能独特的擦拭巾,如清嗓子用和去烟味湿巾等人们以前从没想到的产品。并且,擦拭巾行业的生产商不仅努力实现产品创新,还不断地着手解决可冲散性这一极为重要的问题。     

水刺擦拭贴概述

本文概述了水刺擦拭巾的种类、生产工艺和产品特点,并介绍了几种本厂开发成功的采用特殊纤维制成的擦拭巾产品。     

Hospeco公司推出SaniWorksEPS擦拭巾

Hospeco为一家北美器具清洁及个人防护产品制造商,其宣布新增EPS（增强消毒性能）擦拭巾,扩大其SaniWorksFoodservice擦拭巾产品线。SaniWorksEPS擦拭巾具有耐用性强、用途多样的特性,旨在提高与异丙醇及氯消毒液的兼容性。     

100％棉纤维擦拭巾

Lymtech Scientific公司推出了一种用100％棉纤维生产的产业用擦拭巾。这种G7擦拭巾巧妙地利用了棉纤维固有的吸收能力和可生物降解性，以满足不同产业的需求。此外，该产品可以替代以石油或木材纤维为原料的擦拭巾，帮助使用的企业减少对环境的影响。为了强调该公司提供有效且环境友好产品的承诺，     

加工技术的创新推动着擦拭巾的增长

Nonwovens Industry杂志开辟了加工产品专栏，专门介绍非织造布擦拭巾加工产品的发展动向并加以评论。擦拭巾这一仍然兴旺的市场正在不断发展，推出了各种新产品，并且正在不断开拓更多的细分市场。     

美国擦拭巾的需求形势

使用便利,消费者认同,产品创新是消费品市场的3大推动力,个人卫生用和家庭一般清洁用擦拭巾市场增长最快。 预计到2016年,美国擦拭巾的需求量将价值25亿美元,年均增长率5．1％。擦拭巾的销售将得益于经济环境的持续好转,其本身还将继续得益于如下特点：使用方便、用后可弃、易于携带和较小的交叉污染风险。虽然用即弃曾经是擦拭巾增长的主要优势,但由于越来越多的消费者关心赖以生存的环境,因此用即弃反而将限制擦拭巾的销售量。     

居家用擦拭巾进入新的领域

曾经由婴儿护理擦拭巾主导的擦拭巾市场正在走向成熟。并衍生出很多其他种类的产品，为生产商们提供了业务增长的新契机。然而，在吸引新客户的同时。平衡成本、提高便利性、可持续性及产品性能仍将是一项棘手的任务。根据北美非织造布工业协会（fNDA）的数据显示，北美和欧盟国家共占全球擦拭巾市场65％的份额。擦拭巾年产量约为100万t。INDA预计美国和欧盟国家将有4％～5％的增长，而亚太地区的增长率将达到10％。     

可冲散性湿巾的技术发展现状

可冲散性湿巾指可以满足使用要求,丢弃进入马桶后对整个排污管道流畅性及生态性不造成影响的湿巾产品。文章主要介绍了可冲散性湿巾的基本性能要求、工艺技术、国内外可冲散性湿巾的评价和标准测试方法等,并对可冲散性湿巾的应用前景进行了展望。     

针刺非织造擦拭布的研制与开发

简要介绍了非织造擦拭布的优越性能和发展前景以及新型擦拭布的性能要求；叙述了本厂对针刺非织造擦拭布的研制开发；预测了擦拭布今后的发展趋势。     

Method for evaluation of the efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetic wet wipes

Many cosmetic formulations are now available in the form of wet wipes packaged in sealed sachets or packets. Like the majority of cosmetic products having an aqueous phase, wipes are susceptible to microbial contamination and require the addition of preservatives. The efficacy of such preservatives can be evaluated using a standard challenge test performed on the wetting liquid but this test cannot be regarded as representative for this new type of formulation. The method presented here evaluates the efficacy of preservatives used in wet wipes kept in their original packaging. Dried inoculums were prepared by membrane filtration followed by drying in an incubator. The method is applicable to bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis), Bacillus cereus spores and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). These inoculated carriers were inserted between two wipes in the original package, which was then re-sealed immediately. The test requires one dry inoculum per packet and one packet for each control or test. After incubation at 22.5 degrees C for 1, 2, 7, 14 or 28 days and, for the control, immediately after insertion of the membrane (time 0), microorganism counts were performed on the germ-carrier membranes as well as on adjacent wipes, after transfer into a suitable neutralizing agent. The membranes were shaken in the presence of glass beads and microorganisms were dissociated from the wipes by means of a Stomacher. The supernatants recovered after being left to stand for 20 min are counted by pour plate method or membrane filtration. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated for each of the seven above-mentioned strains. The repeatability and reproducibility of the results obtained is similar to that obtained for preservative efficacy tests in the Pharmacopoeias. The lethal rate of microorganisms during the preparation of dry inoculums ranges from 50 to 90% depending on the strain and the test (generally, a spontaneous reduction of about 1 log up to a maximum of 2 log). The recovery rate for microorganisms from dry inoculums (on membranes) at time 0 (control = T(0)) is around 90%, regardless of the strain or the test. The number of microorganisms recovered from the wipes (W(0)) is between 2 and 10% of the number recovered from membranes (T(0)) and may be considered negligible. Application of this method to different types of wipes demonstrates that the efficacy of preservatives, expressed as the logarithmic reduction in the number of microorganisms at each time point, depends on the type of wipe and on the strain tested. The results obtained are considerably different from those found with the standard challenge tests applied to wetting liquids for wipes. The differences found confirm the need for a specific method applicable to wipes.     

工业无尘擦布的开发

介绍了部分工业无尘擦布的生产技术工艺 ,分析了擦布的特性。     

Development of a sanitizing fabric wipe for use on food contact surfaces

ABSTRACT:  A sanitizer was incorporated into disposable sanitary wipes that were used to eliminate microorganisms on plastic and metal surfaces. These surfaces were inoculated with strains of Bacillus subtilis OSU 494, Enterococcus faecalis OSU 48, Escherichia coli ATCC 29181, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Pseudomonas aeruginosa OSU 167, Salmonella enteritidis OSU 799, Staphylococcus epidermidis OSU 838), Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 10894. These inoculated surfaces were cleaned with the wipes for 5, 10, and 30 s, then organisms surviving on the cleaned surfaces and in the wipes were enumerated. Applying the sanitizing wipe to the plastic and metal surfaces reduced the viability of bacteria (> log 4 for 5 s), yeast cells (> log 5 for 10 s), and fungal spores (< log 4 for all times). The use of large pore sized or thick wipes showed better sanitizing result when compared with the use of the small pore sized and slim wipe. There were no significant differences ( P > 0.05) between surviving numbers on the surface of the plastic compared with that of the metal.     

抹布产品与市场发展分析

阐述了国内外抹布市场的发展概况,非织造抹布市场的发展很快,并且具有巨大的市场发展潜力。通过分析抹布产品与技术,预测了未来抹布市场的发展焦点仍是使用便利和产品创新,只有具有新概念的产品才能刺激抹布市场继续迅速发展。     

Technology roadmap for flushable nonwoven wipes

The paper describes the creation of an industry technology roadmap (ITR) for flushable, premoistened nonwoven wipes. It shows how technology roadmaps can be a tool for knowledge creation at the firm and at the industry level, and what adaptations have to be made for this particular industry. The ITR shows a market‐driven strategic plan for the industry that includes market, infrastructure, technology, and regulation aspects that need to be addressed to assure growth and sustainability in the flushable, premoistened nonwoven wipes industry.     

湿法水刺可分散材料的结构与性能及其发展趋势

针对现有一次性湿纸巾使用后不可降解,且丢入抽水马桶易堵塞城市管道等难题,从制备工艺、纤维构成、材料属性与用途等角度阐述新型可分散可降解湿法成网水力缠结湿纸巾基材,同时比较分析该材料结构特征及其使用性能（湿强,分散和手感）。结果表明：材料由长短纤维缠绕抱合构成,具有非织造材料与纸二者属性,长纤维（短切再生纤维素纤维）缠绕抱合作为纤维增强影响着材料的湿强和分散性,材料手感与梳理水刺材料接近。最后对该材料发展趋势,从短切纤维优化、辅助增强体应用与设备工艺改进等角度进行系统阐述。     

日本非织造布市场现状及发展趋势

简介日本的揩布、医疗卫生用品的市场状况及其纺粘法非织造布的发展趋势     

Measurement of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on hand wipes: estimating exposure from hand-to-mouth contact

Estimates of exposure to the flame-retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust are very poor due to limited knowledge about dust ingestion. This study was undertaken to determine if PBDEs could be measured on hand wipes, and if so, to determine the distribution of levels present on the skin surface area to provide preliminary exposure estimates from hand-to-mouth contact. Hand wipes were collected from 33 individuals residing in the United States using sterile gauze pads soaked in isopropyl alcohol. The total PBDE residue collected on the wipes ranged from 2.60 to 1982 ng, with a median value of 130 ng, or normalized to hand surface area, a concentration of 135 pg/cm2. The fully brominated congener, BDE 209, was also detected and ranged from < DL to 270 ng with a median value of 26 ng. Congener patterns observed on the wipes were similar to patterns observed in house dust samples, consisting of congeners associated with the PentaBDE and DecaBDE mixtures, suggesting that the source of PBDEs to the hands may be dust particles. However, PBDE hand residues may also be a result of direct contact with PBDE-laden products, leading to adsorption to the skin surface oils. Repeated wipe sampling from three individuals suggests that sigmaPBDE levels on the hand may be relatively consistent for some individuals but not for others. Furthermore, levels of sigmaPBDEs were greater on the bottom of the hands relative to the top of the hands. Using these values we have calculated potential human exposure from hand-to-mouth contact. The median exposure estimates for children and adults are 1380 and 154 ng/day, respectively, whereas the 95th percentile exposure estimates were 6090 and 677 ng/day, respectively. These estimates are greater than dietary intake rates and suggest hand-to-mouth contact may be a key exposure route for PBDEs.