Fungizide und bakterizide Anstrichmittel — neue Wirkstoffe für Öl- und Kunstharz-Lacke

Fungicidal and Bactericidal Paints — New Additives for the Oil and Synthetic Resin Lacquers New fungicides, which replace completely the mercury additives in oil, alkyd and synthetic resin lacquers, were developed. In contrast to the mercury additives, they can also be used in the stoving lacquers. They are only of limited use in insulating varnishes. The experience with these additives in different lacquer systems is reported. A combined testing method can give a practicable judgement about the fungicidal activity of such paints in a short time.     

Styrol als Rohstoff für Lackbindemittel und Lacke

Styrene as Raw Material for Paint Binders and Paints Monostyrene is highly reactive and it can undergo homopolymerisation as well as mixed polymerisation. Polystyrene, which is mainly used in thermoplastic materials, can not be employed as binder for paints; thus, for example, the films adhere neither to wood nor to metal. Polystyrene does not withstand other raw materials of paints. In contrast, monostyrene is significant as copolymerisation partner for paint binders, such as acryl resins, dispersions, styrene-containing alkyd resins and unsaturated polyester resins. In the processing of polyester resins and polyester paints, the paint manufacturers have to handle monostyrene; hence they should be aware of the reactivity, sensitivity and physiological activity of monostyrene. These aspects are dealt with too.     

Erfahrungen mit Anstrichen aus Kunststoffdispersionen im Wetter

Weathering of Plastic Dispersion Paints Weathering tests of various plastic dispersion paints on asbestos cement, wood and metal were carried out for a number of years. The results show the complexity in the behaviour of paints and interrelationship between paint and the surface that is coated. The properties of the resin are not only influenced by its chemical constitution but also to a great extent by the process of polymerization.     

Wasserlösliche Lackkomponenten bei der Abwasserreinigung

Water Soluble Components of Paints in the Sewage Purification Use of water based painting materials helps to reduce or to eliminate air pollution problems associated with painting plants. In order to determine whether the advantages gained by overcoming the air pollution problems are offset by eventual sewage problems, several selected paint binders, solubilising agents (amines) and co-solvents and some complete water thinnable paint systems were tested with regard to their possible inhibitory action on the sewage biology, toxicity to fish, and biological degradability. The results of these studies assuming practically occuring concentrations revealed that effluents associated with water soluble paints do neither impair biological degradation of sewage nor do harm to fish.     

Leinöl in Farben und Lacken – Produkte mit hoher Human- und Umweltverträglichkeit

Linseed Oil – The Basis for Environmental Friendly Products Linseed oil has been used as binding material for manufacturing paints and varnishes since centuries. This old technique combined with modern know-how of industrial production will produce paints and varnishes for interior and exterior use corresponding the highest technical standards. Paints based on linseed oil are distinguished by a high compatibility for the human health and for the environment. Reducing indoor pollution linseed oil products will be of benefit for the human immune system and thus lessen the indoor stress known as “sick building syndrom”. An increased cultivation and use of linseed will give advantage for the consumer, the environment and the farming.     

吡啶硫酮锌在乳胶漆中的防霉抗藻性研究

对比了各种防霉抗藻剂单体的化学结构式及优缺点,以及它们在乳胶漆中的防霉抗藻性比较,通过对不同种类防霉抗藻剂的性能实验及环保性法规探讨,研究了吡啶硫酮锌在乳胶漆中的应用前景。     

High performance alkyd paints based on platy kaolin for corrosion protection of steel

Calcination of kaolin presents an easy route to obtain high performance and eco-friendly anticorrosive filler. The objective of the present work was to prepare a new ecologically friendly inorganic filler, based on thermal treatment of kaolin to be used as an anticorrosive. This work studied the corrosion protection of medium oil-modified alkyd paints based on thermally treated kaolin at different temperatures. Paints were formulated with different pigment volume concentrations (PVCs) and critical pigment volume concentrations (CPVCs). The prepared paints were formulated with increasing content of kaolin, with PVC ranging from 10 to 30%. The physical and chemical properties of kaolin were evaluated at different temperatures. Particle shapes of thermally treated kaolin were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The physico-mechanical properties of dry films, water vapor transmission and their corrosion properties using accelerated laboratory corrosion test were tested. The thermal treatment of kaolin enhanced both the oil absorption and the alkalinity. This led to alkyd results in saponification and consequently passivation of the substrate. Good wetting with alkyd resin gave homogeneous films without defects which resisted water and oxygen permeation and protected steel against corrosion. The results revealed that thermally treated kaolin at 400°C was the best at protecting steel substrates for all PVCs.     

Konzepte und Technologien für Mehrproduktanlagen

Multi-product plants are very flexible units which are finding increasing use in the chemical industry, e. g. for the production of fine chemicals, pharmaceutical active compounds and automotive paints. Various concepts have become established for multi-product plants, depending on the area of use and existing conditions. Technical equipment fitting in with these plant concepts is characterized by standardization, multi-product suitability and a particularly broad area of use. The paper describes four multi-product plant concepts and suggests criteria for selecting the suitable concept for a particular case.     

Anticorrosive properties of the epoxy–cardanol resin based paints

An epoxy–cardanol resin was developed using epichlorohydrin, bisphenol-A and cardanol. On evaluation it was found that epoxy–cardanol resin exhibits better properties as compared to epoxy resin in terms of increase in tensile strength, elongation, bond with steel and lowering of water vapour transmission of the film. The improvement in these properties indicated that the paints based on modified resin would be more durable than the epoxy based paints. Accordingly, paints were formulated using the developed resin and their performance were compared with their counterparts made with unmodified epoxy resin. Zinc powder, zinc phosphate, micaceous iron oxide and synthetic iron oxide were used as pigments along with fillers, additives and an aromatic polyamine adduct hardener. For both types of paints similar doses of pigments and additives were used. Physico-mechanical properties, chemical resistance and corrosion protection efficiency of the formulated paints were determined. It was found that the anticorrosive properties of epoxy–cardanol resin based paints are superior to that of the paints formulated with the unmodified epoxy resin. Micaceous iron oxide based paints in epoxy–cardanol resin showed the best performance followed by zinc phosphate based paints. It is concluded that the developed resin is a better binder media for the formulation of paints.     

Effect of different polymers on the efficiency of water‐borne methyl amine adduct as corrosion inhibitor for surface coatings

Styrene/acrylic emulsion copolymer and water‐based short oil urethane alkyd resin were used as binders to prepare water‐based, environmentally friendly paints by using 0.5% emulsified methylamine adduct as corrosion inhibitor. The choice of the two above‐mentioned binders was based on the fact that styrene/acrylic emulsion copolymer is a nonconvertible binder, whereas short oil urethane alkyd resin is a convertible binder. The physical, chemical, mechanical, and corrosion properties of the paint films were evaluated and compared with a commercially known anticorrosive water‐based paint. It was found that the prepared paints have unique desirable properties such as the following: they do not contain anticorrosive pigments (which contain heavy metals in their main chemical structure); they are solvent‐free; and they can be produced to match any color. Corrosion tests on the films of the formulated paints revealed that the short oil urethane alkyd resin is superior to the styrene/acrylic copolymer. Moreover, the corrosion inhibition properties of the paint films prepared from both binders are comparable with the commercially available paints containing anticorrosive pigments. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 879–885, 2002     

Die Beständigkeit von Einbrennlackierungen im UV-Licht in Abhängigkeit vom Vernetzungsgrad

Stability of Stoved Paints in UV-Light as a Function of the Degree of Cross-Linkage Degree of cross-linkage and UV-stability of stoved and pigmented paints based on saturated hydroxy-containing polyester resins were investigated. The degree of cross-linkage of the coatings was measured by determining the hardness as such, hardness after exposure to xylene, and by infrared estimation of the hydroxyl group. The hardness and the IR method enable determination of the degree of polyester-triazine resin cross-linkage, whereas the solvent method indicates the extent of triazine-resin cross-linkage. The effect of temperature on polyester cross-linkage and on triazine resin cross-linkage is reported and the influence of both the reactions on mechanical properties of the coatings is recorded. The UV-stability of the coatings with respect to retention of gloss and yellowing was determined. Gloss retention is improved with increasing degree of cross-linkage, whereas the stability against yellowing initially decreases with increased content of triazine-resin up to a minimum, whereafter an increase in stability against yellowing is observed with increase in triazine-resin cross-linkage. Relationships between yellowing stability and cross-linkage reaction were obtained from the effect of stoving temperature on the yellowing curve.     

Evaluation of Mesua ferrea L. seed oil modified polyurethane paints

Two types of stoving paints have been prepared from Mesua ferrea L. seed oil (MFLSO) modified poly(urethane ester) (PUE) binder systems. One stoving paint system was prepared from partially butylated melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin modified MFLSO-based PUE (70:30 weight ratio) and other one comprised of bisphenol-A-based epoxy resin modified with MFLSO-based PUE (50:50 weight ratio). Paints made with these two resin systems as binders were evaluated against the standard paint system. The physical properties of the paint systems viz. non-volatile content, specific gravity, viscosity, drying time, flexibility, adhesion, scratch hardness, gloss, etc. and chemical properties such as corrosion resistance, salt spray resistance, UV resistance, etc. were measured as per the standard methods and were compared. Thermal stability and surface morphology of the paints were also studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The performance characteristics of both the test paints were found to be comparable with the corresponding industrial standard paints. Out of the two test paints, the epoxy modified PUE-based stoving paint has been found to be preferred.     

Abwasser-Anfall bei der Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Lacken,Beschichtungsstoffen und deren Hilfsmitteln

Waste Water During the Production and Processing of Paints, Coatings and Their Auxiliaries Examples of water solubility are given with respect to the following groups of materials and processes: raw materials including binding agents, paints, coatings, auxiliaries, coating processes, such as ET-painting and spray chambers, waste water in the paint manufacture, dust during submerged grinding, storage of heating oil and solvents, alkali cleaning, disposable containers, and cold and hot removal of paints. Relevant directives, laws and regulations are listed.     

Über einige wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen der Aufbringung von konventionellen Anstrichen und der Elektrotauchlackierung,insbesondere hinsichtlich der Vorbehandlung der Werkstücke

A Few Major Differences Between Coating with Conventional Paints and Electrical Dip Coating Especially with Respect to Pretreatment of the Article to be Coated The basic difference between conventional coatings and paints for electrical dip coating is that in the latter case a high voltage is applied during coating of the metallic surface. Consequently, a low and uniform resistance of the metal is required, which can be achieved by thorough cleaning for removal of the surface impurities and by coating of the surface with a thin layer of fine-sized phosphate or chromate. Paints for electrical dip coating are more susceptible to defects of the surface and various qualities of steel than the conventional paints. The problems in the single layer white painting by the electrical dip process and in the pigmentation process are discussed. The advantages of electrical dip coating over conventional coatings, which have led to a greater use of the former technique, are discussed. Best use of this process can be made by optimizing the steps, such as surface cleaning, washings before and after phosphatizing, passivation, drying, and by a suitable choice of the paint.     

Fabrication of thermally stable porous films from a cured epoxy resin via the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Breath Figures</Emphasis> process

In the current work, porous films based on epoxy resin have been obtained via the Breath Figures method. It was shown that the use of a low-temperature curing agent and fluoro-containing organosilicon copolymer, compatible with epoxy resin, makes it possible to obtain porous, thermostable, highly hydrophobic coatings with a pore diameter of 3–4 µm. When the epoxy resin/copolymer mixture is homogenous, the modifier prevents water droplet coalescence; otherwise, the mixture becomes heterogeneous, and the positive influence of the modifier is lost. The obtained modified porous films are highly hydrophobic and maintain their porous structure until polymer devitrification occurs. The simplicity of the Breath Figures method shows great potential for the manufacture of water-repellent paint coatings based on epoxy resin for use in a variety of applications.     

“Quebracho” tannin derivative and boosters biocides for new antifouling formulations

The growth of fouling communities on ships?? hulls causes economic losses due to increased fuel consumption and to the deterioration of the metallic substrate by corrosion. Antifouling paints are formulated to avoid the settlement of these organisms and may contain biocides as active compounds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the antifouling performance of paints formulated with a ??quebracho?? tannin derivative (zinc ??tannate??) and ??boosters?? (secondary biocides). The ??boosters?? used in this study were bismuth lactate, a zeolite exchanged with silver cations, and the same zeolite modified with silver chloride. Bioassays with ??boosters?? solutions were carried out employing Artemia persimilis. Soluble matrix antifouling paints were formulated and their action was assessed in a natural sea water environment. Results showed that the bismuth lactate resulted in a coating with almost triple service life of the antifouling paints with zinc ??tannate.?? Paints formulated with the silver composites behaved slightly better than the control paint.     

Polyester-Pulverlacke und ihre Verwendung im Leichtmetallbau

Polyester Powder Paints and Their Application in Light Metal Construction Polyester powder paints have excellent properties which permit their use in light metal constructions, such as in facades and windows. Linear saturated and cross-linked saturated polyester resins are described and a comparison of the two is given. The author discusses the various possibilities for the right choice of the diols and polybasic acids. For this selection, use is made of the experience gained from solvent-containing systems. Film properties and resistance of such powder paints are presented in tables. For these paints, the results of studies on the pretreatment of aluminium profiles are reported.     

Entstaubungsanlagen für Elektroniederschachtöfen

Dust collectors for submerged electric arc furnaces . Submerged electric arc furnaces are installed for the production of calcium carbide, ferro alloys and silicon. In these reduction processes large quantities of hot, dust-loaded fumes must be withdrawn and cleaned. The dust sources and the air pollution control systems are described; suggestions for the selection of dust collectors are made. The costs for the filter system in electric reduction furnaces can be reduced by exploiting the energy contained in the fumes. The investments, however, which are required for heat recovery are at present not yet economical.     

Verwendung von Fettderivaten als Hilfsmittel in Anstrichstoffen

Use of Fat-Derivatives as Auxiliaries for Paints in Non-Aqueous Paint Systems Additives, that are employed in non-aqueous paint systems for regulating the viscosity and improving the behaviour of pigments, are dealt with. The effects achieved through these agents, as observed in manufacture, storage, and application of paints, are discussed. Attempts have been made to depict in a simplified form the effects of these auxiliaries on dispersion, coagulation, settling and floating of pigments.     

Flow Properties of Silicate Paints for Decorating Glass Articles

The flow properties of turpentine oil, oxyterpene resin solutions, and silicate paints based on them are investigated. It is shown that paints diluted with 20% solution of oxyterpene resin in turpentine have lower viscosity at low shear velocities and more elastic structures. The optimum concentration of silicate paint compositions are determined for each decoration method.