Construction of a Butterfly Web Bridge

A new type of bridge called ＂butterfly web bridge＂ is under construction in Japan. In a butterfly web bridge, the butterfly-shaped web forms a structure that exhibits behavior similar to a double Warren truss. The 80 MPa concrete is used for the butterfly web which has a precast plate with a thickness of 150 mm. As butterfly web is a concrete material, reinforcement provided by prestressing tendons is needed on the tension side. Moreover, the 150 mm plate has no re-bars but is reinforced by steel fibers. This bridge, named Takubogawa Bridge, is a highway bridge and has 10 spans including the 87.5 m maximum span length. Takubogawa Bridge is constructed by flee cantilevering method. The butterfly web enables the construction speed of cantilevering to be advanced about 50% compared with conventional cast-in-situ method and can meet the requirement of light weight and low maintenance.     

Durability of Stress Ribbon Bridge Checked during Loading Test

Stress ribbon bridges have many advantages and became recently more popular mostly because of their versatile form, slender decks giving a light aesthetic impression and durability assured by post tensioned concrete. The paper presents the first in Poland stress Ribbon Bridge constructed last year. A static and dynamic analyse of the model is presented as well as construction solutions which were used to achieve the highest durability. The bridge was checked during static and dynamic load test. The results of this prove test were compared with results obtained from examination and study of other different bridge structures. It confirmed that the bridge has good dynamic resistance and greater stiffness than assumed in the design.     

The Planning of Green-area in Shenzhen

With rapid urban development and fast econom-ic growth in recent years,there has been broughtabout the City of shenzhen a lot of ecological prob-lems.Among them,the contradiction of city construc-tion and green-areas has become sharper and sharp-er with each passing day,which has attractedpeople＇s attention.Entrusted by the Shenzhen CityPlanning and Land Bureau,the Department of Ur-ban Planning,Tongji University,has fulfilled thetask of"the Planning of Green-area in ShenzhenSpecial Economic Zone." In this article,the authortries to depict the objective,principle and contents ofthe planning.     

Innovative Applications of Post-Tension for Restoration and Rehabilitation of Bridges and Structures--Case Studies in India

This paper deals with new and innovative case studies of application of post-tensioning for restoration of structures for buildings, bridges and rock stabilization in India. In earlier situations for these types of cases conventional method of repair and rehabilitation has been used. These innovative approaches for restoration have led to enormous saving of cost and time. The advantages of post tensioning are well known in the civil industry and are being used for the last 40 to 50 years. Post tensioning is one of the best methods to induce stresses in the concrete before application of live load and this technique can also be widely used for restoration and rehabilitation of structures. Unlike the use of post-tensioning in new structures there are no definite methods or codes for application in restoration and rehabilitation of structures. For restoration and rehabilitation of structures, PT （post tensioned） technique can be applied in combination with other techniques and materials available. Bridge lifting is a tricky and risky job especially when the superstructure is displaced appreciably by a natural calamity, etc.. Not only the present state of structure needs proper study before commencement of restoration and rehabilitation but also calls for careful execution. This paper deals with case studies of innovative applications of post tensioning in restoration and rehabilitation of structures and restoration of bridge structure in Andaman ＆ Nicobar Island, India affected by Sumatra quake.     

漫游伦敦

<正>伦敦是世界上一个拥有悠久历史的城市,其优美的景色、温和的气候、繁荣的商业吸引了大量的游客。如果你有机会去伦敦旅游,下面这些地方可不要错过哟!London Tower Bridge伦敦塔桥London Tower Bridge is over the Thames River in London,opened on June 30,in 1894.It is the most distinctive1of London’s bridges and is one of best bridges in the world.The total length of the bridge is half a mile.It is a double-deck bridge.The lower is the roadway with a width of 35 feet and the higher is a footway 12.5 feet wide.     

Citizenization of Native Villagers after Redeveloped Urban Village:A Case Study of Liede Community in Guangzhou

Based on qualitative data from in-depth interviews,participative observation,and literature study,this paper aims to get insights into the patterns and process of the citizenization of native villagers living in Liede Community,which is the first redeveloped urban village in Guangzhou.Investigation on villagers’ citizenization level is carried out to examine how the redevelopment project affects villagers’ citizenization.Our finding reveals that the redevelopment project has improved villagers’ living conditions and income levels remarkably,has facilitated the mixed housing patterns of diversified social groups,and has increased their chances to be integrated into urban social life.Nevertheless,as villagers kept their traditional mode of thinking,behavioral habits,and lifestyles,the citizenization process made little progress in terms of land ownership,management mode,mode of livelihood,and citizen identity.Therefore,the Liede redevelopment project has turned out to be a "passive citizenization" process,i.e.,villagers merely received socio-economic benefits from the redevelopment passively but remained isolated from the socio-economic and cultural system of the city.Finally,this paper proposes some policy suggestions to promote the citizenization from both conceptual and practical perspectives.     

“场所空间”与“流动空间”双重视角的“大湾区”发展研究——以粤港澳大湾区为例（英文）

This paper makes a systematic analysis on the development characteristics and evolution process of the built-up areas,as well as the sub-structure of the network connectivity and the functional division,of core cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region from the dual perspectives of "space of places" and "space of flows." It does so by using data of satellite remote sensing and industrial census to describe the spatial development trend and to establish an urban connectivity network based on the headquarter-branch data of enterprises.It also reveals the development differences within and outside of the Bay Area in Guangdong Province.The research shows that,firstly,since the new century,the integration of the Bay Area has become more obvious for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region,as it has developed in a highly-concentrated way around the Bay Area of the Pearl River Estuary.Secondly,Guangdong,Shenzhen,Hong Kong,and Macao exhibited a more obvious regional division of labor,and their functions have been increasingly complementary to each other.Thirdly,a regional hub of "two sectors"–linking outside to the world city network and driving internal development of regional hinterland has been formed.Finally,based on the conclusion of the empirical research,development and planning implications of the Bay Area are discussed.     

The Prospect for China''''s Paid Land Use

Since this year China's National People's Congress has made revisions in the articles on land use right in China'sConstitution,the State Council has issued and implemented provisional regulations on levying urban land use tax.Allthis has,both in the constitution and in law,put an end to the old system of using urban land free of charge with notime limit and signifies the beginning of a new era of paid urban land use system will undergo a rather longtransitional period,its significance has already been detected.     

Case study of a driven pile foundation in diatomaceous soil.Ⅰ: Site characterization and engineering properties

Diatomaceous soils are comprised of the silica frustules of diatom microalgae that are present in marine and lacustrine environments throughout the world.Owing to their unique origin,diatomaceous soils are typically characterized by high intraparticle porosity,complex particle shapes,and uniform mineralogy,causing them to exhibit atypical physical and engineering behaviors.A substantial deposit of diatomaceous silt was observed during site exploration for construction of the Buck Creek Bridge on OR140 near Klamath Falls,OR,USA.A comprehensive laboratory and in situ testing program indicated that the diatomaceous soil possessed "non-textbook" engineering properties.Specifically,tested samples had high liquid limits(≈100%-140%) with natural water contents at or near the liquid limit.Geologically,the soil is expected to be normally consolidated,yet high apparent overconsolidation ratios(OCR)(≈15-40)were observed both in oedometric consolidation tests and through cone penetration test(CPT) correlations.Standard penetration test(SPT) results show a corrected standard penetration resistance consistent with a medium-dense sand(i.e.(N_1)_(60)≈25).CPT results include corrected tip resistances(q_t)of approximately 7-10 MPa and excess pore pressures(u_2) of up to 4 MPa.In CPT dissipation tests,pore water pressures(PWPs) returned to hydrostatic pressure in less than 1 h.In this work,we synthesize these seemingly disparate material properties in an attempt to infer appropriate engineering properties for the diatomaceous deposit at the Buck Creek Bridge and attempt to provide insight into the underlying reasons for the observed behavior.     

全球城市与社会极化研究：基于北上广的实证分析（英文）

Globalization can promote the flow of production factors across countries and regions.Developing "global cities" in China is conducive to enhancing China’s international competitiveness and participation in the world’s economic activities.Relevant theories reveal that globalization is of great significance to urban socio-spatial restructuring,and the social polarization or professionalization issues brought by "global cities" have been controversial.Based on the data from the statistical yearbooks of Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangzhou,this study tries to test the global city hypothesis through the analysis on these three "global cities" in China.The study finds that Beijing and Shanghai have shown certain social polarization characteristics in the process of social differentiation,while Guangzhou has not.The results can provide scientific support for the formulation of urban management and household registration policies in China.