花生皮渣中活性成分在饲料中的应用研究进展

通过对国内外花生皮渣中的活性成分在饲料行业的利用现状进行全面分析总结,发现花生皮渣(花生壳、花生粕)除直接用作饲料外,其活性成分可广泛用于开发饲料蛋白、食用纤维、饲料添加剂(功能性低聚糖、防腐剂、着色剂和保健剂等),在饲料行业有广阔的应用前景。研究结果可为合理有效地综合利用花生皮渣资源提供参考,开创农业固体废弃物资源利用的绿色模式。     

Response surface methodology as a tool to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant sources

Response surface methodology (RSM) is a widely used mathematical and statistical technique for modeling and optimizing the process for the extraction of bioactive compounds. This review explains the optimization approach through the use of experimental design and empirical models for response prediction and the utilization of the desirability function for multiple response optimization. This paper also reviews recent studies on the application of RSM to optimize bioactive compound extraction processes such as conventional solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Finally, the challenges associated with the use of RSM and the efforts made to improve RSM in the extraction process are also highlighted. Overall, this review informs many aspects of RSM that are occasionally ignored or insufficiently discussed with regard to the optimization of bioactive compound extraction processes, and it summarizes significant applications where RSM proved suitable. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.     

Green solvents for the selective extraction of bioactive compounds from by-products of the coffee production chain

Approximately 15–20 million tonnes of by-products were generated globally in the coffee production chain during the 2020/21 season. The current uses for these by-products are inadequate or contribute to environmental degradation. This work reports the screening of hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents, including deep eutectic solvents (DES), for their ability to extract the valuable metabolites caffeine and chlorogenic acid (markers in commercial extraction) from four coffee-related by-products. Water was the best solvent for recovering caffeine and chlorogenic acid from defective green coffee beans, while all hydrophilic DES surpassed water in the extraction of chlorogenic acid from coffee pulp. For the two remaining by-products, at least one DES was as good or better at extracting the caffeine or chlorogenic acid compared to water. The array of hydrophobic solvents tested here showed different selectivities, allowing the annotation of 12 compounds that have not been previously reported in coffee by-products. These results demonstrate the ability to obtain a new and controllable range of extracts from coffee by-products using green and functional solvents.     

Supercritical fluid extraction and microencapsulation of bioactive compounds from red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) by-products

The objective of this work was to obtain and stabilize natural vitamins from red pepper by-products. The method of obtainment was supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, studying different parameters that affect the yield. The highest extraction yield was found at 60 °C, 24 MPa extraction, with no modifier added and 0.2–0.5 mm particle size. The recovered extract was a red-coloured oil. The extract was subsequently microencapsulated by spray-drying using gum arabic as wall material to avoid the degradation of vitamin over the storage time. The thermal stability of microcapsules was analysed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), while size, shape and morphology of microcapsules were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microcapsules containing pepper extract were particles of spherical shape with dents on the surface, the average size of these particles was 5.46 μm.     

Seeds,fermented foods,and agricultural by-products as sources of plant-derived antibacterial peptides

Abstract

The emergence of bacterial resistance against conventional antibiotics and the growing interest in developing alternative, natural antibacterial agents have prompted the search for plant-derived antibacterial peptides in recent decades. Different classes of endogenous antibacterial peptides have been identified from various plant species. Moreover, protein hydrolysates and hydrolysate-derived peptides with potent antibacterial effects have also been identified from numerous plant sources. Antibacterial peptides are often cationic and amphipathic, consisting of fewer than 100 amino acids. They are able to disrupt bacterial membrane integrity via pore formation and/or compromise bacterial metabolic processes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the characteristics and modes of action of antibacterial peptides, as well as salient points concerning the production of antibacterial protein hydrolysates from plant proteins. Examples of plant-derived antibacterial hydrolysates and peptides will be highlighted, with particular attention to less explored seeds, fermented plant foods and agricultural by-products. Promising future research directions with regards to the application of plant-derived antibacterial hydrolysates and peptides in food preservation, farm animal disease management, and nutraceutical/functional food development will be proposed.     

Analyzing cranberry bioactive compounds

There is a growing public interest for the North American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) as a functional food because of the potential health benefits linked to phytochemical compounds present in the fruit--the anthocyanin pigments, responsible for its brilliant red color, and other secondary plant metabolites (flavonols, flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acid derivatives). Isolation of these phenolic compounds and flavonoids from a sample matrix is a prerequisite to any comprehensive analysis scheme. By far the most widely employed analytical technique for the characterization of these compounds has been high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet-visible(UV/Vis) and mass spectrometer(MS) detection. This review covers the cranberry major bioactive compounds, the extraction and purification methods, and the analytical conditions for HPLC used to characterize them. Extraction, chromatographic separation and detection strategies, analyte determinations, and applications in HPLC are discussed and the information regarding methods of specific cranberry analyte analyses has been summarized in tabular form to provide a means of rapid access to information pertinent to the reader.     

Exploration of collagen recovered from animal by-products as a precursor of bioactive peptides: Successes and challenges

A large amount of food-grade animal by-products is annually produced during industrial processing and they are normally utilized as animal feed or other low-value purposes. These by-products are good sources of valuable proteins, including collagen or gelatin. The revalorization of collagen may lead to development of a high benefit-to-cost ratio. In this review, the major approaches for generation of collagen peptides with a wide variety of bioactivities were summarized, including antihypertensive, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, and beneficial effects on bone, joint and skin health. The biological potentials of collagen peptides and their bioavailability were reviewed. Moreover, the unique advantages of collagen peptides over other therapeutic peptides were highlighted. In addition, the current challenges for development of collagen peptides as functional food ingredients were also discussed. This article discusses the opportunity to utilize collagen peptides as high value-added bio-functional ingredients in the food industry.     

Indigenous marine diatoms as novel sources of bioactive peptides with antihypertensive and antioxidant properties

Several bioactive compounds from microalgae have demonstrated diverse biological activities with positive effects on human health. However, the potential of bioactive peptides as functional foods is still undervalued. Therefore, the exploration of microalgae strains as sources of bioactive peptides could reveal strong and unique bioactivities, especially when these marine sources have never been explored before. For this aim, protein extracts from six indigenous marine diatoms were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using four proteases (flavourzyme, pepsin, papain and trypsin). The hydrolysates were then tested for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. Results showed that papain hydrolysates from all microalgae strains exhibited strong ACE-inhibitory activities and antioxidant properties. In particular, protein hydrolysates from Bellerochea malleus were found to reduce blood pressure properties of 17 mmHg after 5 days of oral administration to SHR animals. These results revealed the potential of bioactive peptides from indigenous marine diatoms for use as functional foods or nutraceuticals.     

Recent trends for the employment of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) by-products as a source of bioactive compounds with nutritional,functional and preservative applications: a review

Only 50%–60% of total seafood catch is used for human consumption, seafood processing being considered as one of the main sources of by-products. Among marine species, jumbo squid (JS; Dosidicus gigas) represents the most important squid fishery, showing an increasing economic interest in many countries. As for any other marine species, the regular cleaning, dressing and processing produce high quantities of by-products (skin, head, fins, viscera, tentacles, unclaimed mantle, etc.) that are rich in many nutrients (proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, biopolymers, etc.). This review compiles information about extraction and employment of JS by-products with the aim of enhancing their economic value and reduce environmental drawbacks. A special emphasis is given to the relevance in developing methods susceptible to transform by-products into useful and profitable products susceptible to be applied in several industries such as food, medicine, agrochemical or pharmaceutical. Future possible trends for widening this profitable use are mentioned.     

Inflorescences of Brassicacea species as source of bioactive compounds: A comparative study

Two Brassica oleracea varieties (B. oleracea L. var. costata DC and B. oleracea L. var. acephala) and Brassica rapa L. var. rapa inflorescences were studied for their chemical composition and antioxidant capacity. Phenolic compounds and organic acids profiles were determined by HPLC–DAD and HPLC–UV, respectively. B. oleracea var. costata and B. oleracea L. var. acephala inflorescences presented a similar qualitative phenolic composition, exhibiting several complex kaempferol derivatives and 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, while B. rapa var. rapa was characterized by kaempferol and isorhamnetin glycosides and several phenolic acids derivatives. B. oleracea L. var. costata and B. rapa var. rapa showed the highest phenolics content. The three Brassica exhibited the same six organic acids (aconitic, citric, pyruvic, malic, shikimic and fumaric acids), but B. oleracea L. var. acephala presented a considerably higher amount. Each inflorescence was investigated for its capacity to act as a scavenger of DPPH radical and reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid), exhibiting antioxidant capacity in a concentration dependent manner against all radicals. These samples were also studied for its antimicrobial potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, displaying antimicrobial capacity only against Gram-positive bacteria.     

Utilization of by-products of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. as alternative sources for the extraction of high-quality pectin

Food Science and Biotechnology - The by-products of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HsL), obtained after soaking or decoction of the calyces of Colima and Sudan cultivars, were used for pectin extraction....     

Replacing modified starch by inulin as prebiotic encapsulant matrix of lipophilic bioactive compounds

The purpose of this work was to replace modified starch (SF) by inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate, during emulsification assisted by ultrasound. Oregano extract was encapsulated using five proportions of IN and SF as wall materials. The effect of such substitution on the microparticle characteristics was evaluated. Attempting to contribute with the increasing demand for prebiotic consumption, mixing one part of SF with three parts of IN (1:3, mass basis) yielded encapsulation efficiency equal to 66 ± 1% and the largest thymol retention: 84 ± 9%. Besides the entrapment of thymol, high amount of other compounds present in oregano extract could be entrapped in the polymeric matrix: 92 ± 1%. Reduction of the microparticles sizes when increasing the proportion of inulin was also observed. Comprising such results and those presented for powder morphology, surface extract, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction and thermal stability, the proportion 1:3 (SF:3IN) is a favorable prebiotic encapsulant matrix for encapsulating oregano extract and retaining target bioactive compounds.     

芽苗活性成分研究进展

对芽苗生长过程中含量逐渐增多的生物活性成分(如维生素、多酚、γ-氨基丁酸等)和抗氧化性等功能特性进行了综述,为改善人们的饮食结构和将其开发为可预防慢性疾病的功能性食品提供参考。     

乳木果液油中生物活性物质提取工艺的研究

以乳木果液油为原料,经甲酯化后得到低酸值的乳木果液油,通过转酯化把甘三酯转化为脂肪酸甲酯,通过分子蒸馏把脂肪酸甲酯和生物活性物质分为轻组分和重组分,重组分(生物活性物质)再经过溶剂结晶进一步提高生物活性物质含量。通过单因素实验确定较好的甲酯化工艺条件为:反应温度70℃,反应时间3 h,醇油质量比3∶10,浓硫酸添加量3%;在此条件下,乳木果液油的酸值(KOH)从56.1 mg/g降至2.1 mg/g,游离脂肪酸转化率达到96.3%。通过单因素实验确定的较佳分子蒸馏条件为:进料速率2 m L/min,刮膜转速250 r/min,蒸馏温度150℃,真空度0.1 Pa;在此条件下蒸馏,生物活性物质在重组分中的回收率达95.9%,生物活性物质含量可达68.8%。乳木果液油经过甲酯化、转酯化、分子蒸馏和结晶得到的产品中三萜醇和甾醇总含量可达69.80%,生物活性物质含量可达83.18%。     

Germinated grains - Sources of bioactive compounds

Germination of seven selected commercially important grains was studied to establish its effects on the nutritional and chemical composition. The changes in the concentration of the nutrients, bioactive compounds and the inhibitory effect of extracts on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities were investigated. These were measured through proximate analysis, inhibition assays and HPLC. Germinated sorghum and rye extracts inhibited (p<0.05) α-glucosidase activity, whereas barley and sorghum extracts exhibited higher inhibitory activities against α-amylase. Germinated grains contained substantial amounts of total phenolics with rye having significantly higher content compared with the non-germinated grains. Radical scavenging activities of the phenolic extracts were between 13% and 73% for non-germinated and 14% and 53% for germinated. Inositol phosphate (InsP) 4, 5 and 6 were noted in all the grains, but InsP 6 was significantly lower in concentration. This study indicates the potential of germinated barley, sorghum and rye for the development of effective physiologically bioactive compounds for the reduction of the risk of diabetic agents and colon cancer.