Influence of Ti3SiC2 content on tribological properties of NiAl matrix self-lubricating composites

NiAl matrix self-lubricating composites (NMCs) with various contents of Ti₃SiC₂ were fabricated by in situ technique using spark plasma sintering. The effects of Ti₃SiC₂ content on tribological properties of NMC were investigated. The results showed that NMC were composed of the matrix phase of NiAl alloy, enhanced phase of TiC and lubricating phases of Ti₃SiC₂ and C. NMC with 10 wt.% Ti₃SiC₂ exhibited low friction coefficient of 0.60 and wear rate of 5.45 × 10⁻⁵ mm³ (N m)⁻¹ at the condition of 10 N–0.234 m/s at room temperature. The optimum content of Ti₃SiC₂ was 10 wt.%. The excellent tribological performance of NMC could be attributed to the balance between strength and lubricity, as well as synergetic effect of enhanced phase and lubricating phases. The wear mechanisms changed with the increasing of the doped content of Ti₃SiC₂.     

Synergetic lubricating effect of MoS2 and Ti3SiC2 on tribological properties of NiAl matrix self-lubricating composites over a wide temperature range

NiAl matrix self-lubricating composites with MoS₂ and Ti₃SiC₂ lubricants were prepared by spark plasma sintering. The tribological behaviors of the NiAl–Ti₃SiC₂–MoS₂ composites against Si₃N₄ were investigated from room temperature to 800 °C. The results showed that the composites exhibited excellent self-lubricating and anti-wear properties over a wide temperature range. At 400 °C, the composites containing 5Ti₃SiC₂–5MoS₂ (wt.%) had a very low friction coefficient of about 0.13 and a low wear rate of 4.5 × 10⁻⁵ mm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹. MoS₂ played the main role of lubrication at low temperatures, while Ti₃SiC₂ was responsible for low friction at high temperatures. Ti₃SiC₂ and MoS₂ lubricants in the NiAl–Ti₃SiC₂–MoS₂ composites showed the excellent synergetic lubricating effect over a wide temperature range from room temperature to 800 °C.     

Tribological properties of surface modified nano-alumina/epoxy composites

Nano-sized Al₂O₃ particles grafted with polystyrene or polyarcrylamide were employed as fillers for fabricating epoxy based composites. Curing habit, mechanical properties and tribological performance revealed by sliding wear tests of the composites were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the nanoparticles accelerate curing of epoxy, increase composites' impact strength and decrease wear rate and frictional coefficient of the composites. The surface modification by means of grafting polymerization can further enhance the properties improvement of epoxy due to the increased filler/matrix interfacial interaction. Compared to frictional coefficient, wear rate of epoxy can be decreased more remarkably by the addition of nano-alumina when rubbing against steel. The wear mode changes from severe peeling off of unfilled epoxy to mild micro-ploughing in the case of nano-alumina filled composites.     

纤维/Ekonol/PTFE复合材料的力学与摩擦学性能研究

对比考察了碳纤维(CF)、六钛酸钾晶须(PTW)分别与聚苯酯(Ekonol)混合填充对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料的力学与摩擦学性能的影响,并探讨了内部机理.结果表明:PTW相比于传统纤维CF,尺寸细微,具有微区增强特性,PTW的填充提高了Ekonol/PTFE复合材料的致密程度,协助形成更为均匀、致密的转移膜,相比于CF/Ekonol/PTFE复合材料,有着较好的力学性能、摩擦稳定性、耐磨性,进一步改善了Ekonol/PTFE复合材料的综合性能.纤维、Ekonol混合填充PTFE,二者表现出协同润滑与减磨效应.纤维协助均匀、致密的转移膜的形成;而硬质Ekonol颗粒在纤维和对偶之间可能起到了一种第三体滚动效应,避免了纤维受到较为严重的磨损,从而提高复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.     

不同刹车压力下炭/炭复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和MM-1000摩擦试验机研究了刹车压力对等温CVD和热梯度CVD沉积所制炭/炭复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:随着刹车压力从0.35MPa增加到1.82MPa,材料的摩擦系数下降,质量磨损加大,其中含有RL结构材料的氧化失重低于含有SL结构的材料.含有RL结构的材料由于晶体结构比较完善,其磨屑容易发生塑性形变由颗粒状变为层片状,形成良好的润滑膜,有效地降低了氧化失重的比例.     

纳米Al2O3颗粒增强新型铜基自润滑复合材料

以Cu-Ni-Y₂O₃-MoS₂-Graphite混合粉为基体,加入质量分数分别为0%、1%、2%、3%、4%的纳米Al₂O₃增强相,采用粉末冶金方法制备纳米Al₂O₃增强新型铜基自润滑复合材料。结果表明：随着铜合金粉末中纳米Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加 , 所制备自润滑复合材料样品的密度下降,但硬度和压溃强度先上升后下降,在Al₂O₃含量为2%时硬度从HV 23.7增加到HV 35.1,压溃强度从189 MPa提高到276 MPa。由石墨和MoS₂组成的混合固体自润滑材料的摩擦系数小且稳定,约0.12。Al₂O₃质量分数为2%的样品磨损量最小,是未加Al₂O₃试样磨损量的1/7～1/8。铜基体经过镍、纳米Al₂O₃等弥散颗粒强化和固体润滑相石墨和MoS₂的加入,所制备的材料已具有一定的自润滑性能。     

Design and preparation of gradient graphite/cermets self-lubricating composites

Based on the functionally graded materials (FGMs) design concept, the laminated-graded graphite/cermets self-lubricating composite was prepared to achieve the integration of mechanical properties and lubrication performance of the cermet. The effects of the layer number and thickness of graded structure on residual stresses in the gradient composites were investigated by finite element method (FEM). From the FEM analyses, the optimal gradient structure design was obtained corresponding to the following parameters: the number of graded layers n = 2 and the thickness of graded structure t = 1 mm. According to the optimum design, a graded graphite/cermets self-lubricating material with two layers was fabricated by a typical powder metallurgy technique. Compared with the homogenous graphite/cermets composite, the surface hardness and indentation fracture toughness of graded composite were increased by approximately 15.9% and 6.3%, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) stress measurement identified the existence of residual compressive stress on the surface of graded composite. Additionally, the friction and wear tests revealed that the wear resistance of the graphite/cermets self-lubricating composite was improved significantly via the graded structural design, whereas the coefficient of friction changed slightly.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of ZrO2/NiAl matrix composites elaborated from mechanofusion-processed powders

ZrO₂-coated NiAl powders have been elaborated using an innovative mill process, the so-called mechanofusion process. Following processing conditions, different types of particles (size, morphology, degree of coating) can be obtained. These powders were consolidated to full density by HIPping and mechanical tests were carried out on the various elaborated products at temperatures ranging between 20–800°C. Results are compared to those previously obtained for ZrO₂/NiAl composites elaborated by conventional methods. It is shown that mechanical strength of ZrO₂/NiAl composites can be considerably improved by using the mechanofusion process.     

Tribological behavior of nanoclay/epoxy composites

This paper aims to discuss the mechanical performance of nanoclay/epoxy composites (NCs) through micro-hardness and abrasive tests. It was found that the hardness and wear resistance of NCs increased with increasing nanoclay content of up to 4 wt.%. The improvement of mechanical properties of the NCs by increasing nanoclay content is explained by the degree of agglomeration of nanoclay clusters inside the NCs through SEM and XRD investigations. A mathematical interpretation for the determination of hardness and wear resistance of the NCs at different nanoclay contents in relation to the diameter of nanoclay clusters and their inter-particle distance is given.     

Ag/Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox复合材料摩擦学特性

釆用固态反应法合成超导体Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x(Bi2212),使用摩擦实验机从液氮温度至室温对其摩擦学特性进行研究。研究表明：室温Bi2212与不锈钢盘对摩时摩擦系数约为0.35,当温度降至超导转变温度以下(液氮温度),摩擦系数大幅度降低至0.11,非常稳定。为改善Bi2212常温摩擦性能,添加Ag制备出Ag/Bi2212超导复合材料,XRD、SEM和EDS分析表明,Ag未进入Bi2212晶格,保证了Bi2212的超导电性,Ag的添加提高了复合材料密度和韧性,在正常载荷和滑行速度下Ag质量分数为10 %时摩擦系数为0.2,15%Ag/Bi2212磨损率最低,为9. 5×10-5 mm3 (N·m)-1。分布基体中的Ag能有效抑制裂纹萌生和扩展并在摩擦作用下向表面转移,在摩擦表面形成一层Ag转移膜,其低剪切强度起到很好的润滑作用,同时将摩擦产生的热量及时传导出去,使复合材料表现出良好的减摩耐磨性能。     

氧化石墨烯/聚乙二醇复合材料在人工关节材料上的润滑性能

通过销盘试验分析氧化石墨烯(GO)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和不同比例的GO/PEG复合材料的摩擦学性能,考察GO增强PEG在人工关节材料UHMWPE-CoCrMo配副上的润滑效果,并利用FTIR、XRD、拉曼光谱等研究了GO/PEG复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明:混合比例为0.85wt%GO与40wt%PEG的GO/PEG复合材料在4.2 MPa加载载荷、0.024m/s的滑动速度条件下,平均摩擦系数为0.015,具有良好的润滑效果;GO均匀地分散在PEG溶液中,组分间较强的界面相互作用协同增强了GO/PEG复合材料的润滑性能。     

感应烧结石墨/铜铁基高温自润滑复合材料摩擦学性能研究

通过基体合金化和添加不同含量的石墨,采用感应加热烧结的方法制备了石墨/铜铁基高温自润滑复合材料,在力学性能试验机和MRH-3摩擦磨损试验机上考察了复合材料从室温～500℃温度条件下的力学和摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电镜观察分析了磨损表面形貌,进而探讨了摩擦磨损机理。结果表明,复合材料的力学和摩擦磨损性能与感应加热频率和石墨含量有关;在室温条件下,随着石墨含量的升高复合材料的力学性能变差而减磨自润滑效果变好,在室温～500℃条件下,选用合适的感应加热频率和石墨的含量可以使石墨/铜铁基自润滑材料保持良好的耐磨性;而复合材料的磨损机制由粘着磨损变为犁沟磨损。     

One step pyridine-assisted synthesis of visible-light-driven photocatalyst Ag/AgVO3

Ag/AgVO₃ nanorods have been obtained for the first time by one step hydrothermal method with the contribution of pyridine. The prepared sample was systematically characterized. Their photocatalytic properties were investigated by degrading acid orange II (AO-II) under visible light. Compared with pure AgVO₃, Ag/AgVO₃ nanorods showed much higher photocatalytic activity and stability. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with a strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Further studies indicate that the photogenerated holes (h⁺) and superoxide radical anions (O₂^?) were major active species. Ag/AgVO₃ nanorods has a huge potential application in wastewater treatment.     

纳米坡缕石/铜复合材料对钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能

采用化学还原法和球磨共混添加法制备了纳米坡缕石/铜（P/Cu）复合材料,采用粒度分析仪和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对复合纳米粒子的粒度和形貌进行表征。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同纳米P/Cu添加量和不同P与Cu配比的复合粉体作为润滑油添加剂对高副钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）对摩擦表面进行形貌、元素性能分析。结果表明,所制备的纳米P/Cu粒径基本小于100 nm,分散稳定性良好,在纳米P/Cu为1wt%且P：Cu＝3：1（质量比）添加量下表现出最优的摩擦学性能,其钢球磨斑直径比基础油的减小了20.7%。纳米P/Cu可在摩擦表面生成含Mg、Al、Si和Cu等元素的自修复膜,补偿摩擦磨损且使摩擦表面变光滑。     

空心微珠-碳纤维共混改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

通过模压成型制备了碳纤维与空心微珠共混改性的聚酰亚胺复合材料, 采用MRH-3型摩擦磨损试验机研究了空心微珠含量、滑动速度及载荷对复合材料摩擦学性能的影响, 并对其磨损形貌及机制进行了分析。结果表明: 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦学性能优于其单独填充的聚酰亚胺基复合材料; 空心微珠含量对共混改性的复合材料摩擦系数影响不大, 但其磨损率随着空心微珠含量的增加先减小后增大; 15%空心微珠-10%碳纤维(质量分数)共混增强的复合材料的减摩耐磨性能最佳; 随着滑动速度提高, 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦系数下降, 磨损率增大; 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦系数随着载荷增加先下降后上升, 而磨损率则随着载荷增加而增大; 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺的主要磨损机制在较低载荷时为磨粒磨损, 在较高载荷时为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

纳米金刚石与聚醚醚酮填充改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用模压-烧结方法制备了纳米金刚石(ND)与聚醚醚酮(PEEK)填充改性的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,并研究了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能及其微观结构。结果表明,随着PEEK含量增加到20%(质量分数),复合材料的耐磨性显著提高;而较低填充量的ND可以在降低复合材料摩擦系数的情况下提高其耐磨性能。1.0%ND/20%(质量分数)PEEK/PTFE复合材料的减摩耐磨性能优良,与纯PTFE相比,该复合材料的摩擦系数下降约20%,耐磨性能提高120倍,原子力显微分析表明该复合材料中ND分布均匀。     

石墨对Ni-Cr和Ni-Cr-W复合材料摩擦性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备了Ni-Cr基自润滑复合材料,研究了Ni20Cr-石墨与Ni20Cr-10W-石墨复合材料中石墨含量和添加W后对材料力学性能和摩擦性能的影响.结果表明:随着石墨体积分数的增加,Ni20Cr-石墨复合材料的显微硬度和致密度不断降低;将石墨添加到Ni20Cr-10W复合材料中,材料摩擦系数明显降低,在每个试验温度下,复合材料的摩擦系数都随石墨含量的增加出现先增加后降低的变化规律;在Ni20Cr-石墨复合材料中添加体积分数10%的W后,复合材料显微硬度有所增加;当石墨体积分数为10%时,材料的摩擦系数在各个试验温度下均有所增加,当石墨体积分数为5%和15%时,复合材料的摩擦系数在整个温度范围内均有所降低;在整个温度范围内,Ni20Cr-10W-15石墨复合材料的摩擦系数最低.     

Tribological properties of PTFE composites filled with surface-treated carbon fiber

Carbon fibers (CF) were surface treated with concentrated HNO₃, silane coupling agent, rare earth solution and rare earth sol, respectively. The friction and wear behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled with differently surface treated CF were studied. The worn surfaces of CF/PTFE composites were then examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is found that the wear volume loss of the rare earth sol treated CF filled PTFE composites reaches the lowest value when the modifier concentration is 10 wt%. It is only about 65% of the wear volume loss of the PTFE filled with untreated CF. Among all the treatments to CF, rare earth sol treatment is the most effective and the lowest friction and wear volume loss of CF/PTFE composite is exhibited.