蜗轮连接螺栓断裂失效分析

装卸料机上的蜗轮连接螺栓材料为35钢,强度等级为10.9级,在设备运行大约10a后发生断裂。对断裂螺栓进行宏观、化学成分、硬度、金相、能谱和断口分析后得出,该螺栓的断裂性质为双向弯曲疲劳断裂,螺栓表面的脱碳和螺纹颈部的应力集中降低了该部位的疲劳性能。通过综合分析和螺栓受力估算后得出,螺栓断裂的主要原因是螺栓和内齿轮螺栓孔之间存在较大的间隙,使螺栓的受力状态和受力大小过早地发生了变化,造成连接螺栓疲劳断裂。     

挤出机摩擦离合器螺栓断裂分析

某挤出机中气动摩擦离合器与减速器端连接的螺栓在使用过程中经常发生断裂,改用另一种材料的螺栓后情况未有很好改善。采用化学成分分析、力学性能测试、断口分析和金相检验等方法,对螺栓断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明：起裂源位于螺栓的加工刀痕、表面擦伤处及因微动疲劳所致的螺纹微裂纹处,这些部位均存在应力集中,在振动作用下,萌生的裂纹不断扩展,使有效承载面积不断减小,最终引起螺栓疲劳断裂。     

进口氢气压缩机螺栓断裂原因分析

通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、金相检验以及断口分析等方法对氢气压缩机的地脚螺栓和连接螺栓发生断裂的原因进行了分析.结果表明:由于压缩机机座安装倾斜,造成地脚螺栓受剪切应力首先断裂;连接螺栓受振动引起的剪切应力和轴向拉应力共同作用,并且其预紧应力超过最大允许预紧应力,最后发生疲劳断裂;另外螺栓本身存在的材料缺陷致使强度不足...     

Fatigue in engine connecting rod bolt due to forming laps

An analysis was performed to asses the failure root cause of an automotive diesel engine which experienced collapse only 6 month after revision. The connecting rod bolts torque disassembly was monitored and fractured parts were selected to laboratory fracture analysis. It was verified with fatigue rupture of one of the fourth connecting rod bolt. Tensile tests were performed in four of the remaining connecting rod bolts. During this procedure, it was verified another bolt with fatigue crack propagation an indication that the first fatigued bolt did not have suffer torque relaxation. A finite element analysis was performed in connection with an analytical fracture mechanics approach aiming to evaluate the relation between tightening force and fatigue crack propagation in connecting rod bolts. The engine collapse occurred due to forming laps in the grooves of the bolt shank. Finally, some design improvements were suggested for avoid future failures: a gap in the groove length at the connecting rod cap interface, enough to avoid combination of forming laps and higher stress amplitude; increase of the bolt torque assembly to reduce stress amplitude.     

Failure analysis of connecting bolts and location pins assembled on the plate of main-shaft used in a locomotive turbochanger

Three connecting bolts, three location pins and navel of turbo-disk fractured, which were assembled on the plate of the main-shaft used in a locomotive turbochanger. Detailed fractographic study and metallurgical analysis were focused on the trouble bolts. The fatigue fracture is the main failure mechanism of the bolts. Appearance of the surface decarburization layer in the thread tip and root regions of the three failed bolts make the hardness at the thread regions decrease intensely so that the fatigue cracks initiated form the root at the first engaged thread. Surface damage morphology with cutting, wear and plastic deformation features was found on the working flanks of the engaged threads. Other components fractured in succession after the trouble bolt fractured.     

汽轮机高压外缸结合面双头螺栓断裂分析

某电厂汽轮机高压外缸结合面双头20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢螺栓在安装时发生断裂,通过断口分析、化学成分分析、金相检验以及力学性能测试等方法对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该螺栓钢存在严重的显微组织缺陷,力学性能指标不符合技术条件要求,减弱了螺栓的承载能力,螺纹处的应力集中效应会加剧螺栓的缺口敏感性,导致螺栓在安装时于螺纹处发生脆性断裂。     

Failure and Fracture Analysis of Bolt Assembled on the Fan Used in the Internal Combustion Engine

Three connecting bolts fractured, which were assembled on the fan used in the internal combustion engine. Detailed fractographic study and metallurgical analysis were focused on the fractured bolts. Fractographic and metallurgical studies indicate that the fracture surface and the microstructure of three bolts exhibit similar features. The fatigue fracture is the main failure mechanism of the bolts. Appearance of the micro-cracks in the thread tip of the fractured bolts makes the stress at the thread regions increase intensively so that the fatigue cracks initiated from the thread regions. Due to the presence of dynamic load, the bolts were never properly tightened during installation which should be responsible for the formation of the cracks.     

内燃机车用柴油机连杆螺钉断裂分析

内燃机车在检修重组后运行约一个月,其柴油机的两根连杆螺钉发生断裂。采用化学成分分析、硬度测试、断口分析和金相检验等方法,对两螺钉断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:两螺钉的断裂均为疲劳型断裂,其中一根螺钉先行断裂,其断裂的根本原因可能是螺钉紧固处于不合理的状态所致。     

氢气压缩机缸盖螺栓断裂失效分析

某石化公司氢气压缩机缸盖螺栓发生断裂,采用宏、微观断口分析、化学成分分析、金相检验以及力学性能测试等试验手段分析了该氢气压缩机缸盖螺栓的断裂原因。结果表明：断裂起源于螺杆与螺栓头部连接螺纹末端的应力集中处,由于应力集中,加之螺栓强度等级偏低,使螺栓在长期工作过程中的往复交变应力和扭转应力共同作用下发生了低应力高周疲劳断裂。     

9FA燃机过渡段用螺栓断裂分析

某国产9FA燃机过渡段用螺栓在运行较短时间后发生断裂。采用化学成分分析、力学性能测试及金相检验等方法对螺栓断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明：由于螺栓螺纹边缘部位凹凸不平造成大量的应力集中而形成微裂纹,在不断的热循环过程中,受热应力的作用微裂纹不断地扩展,直至剩余截面不能再承担负荷而导致螺栓的断裂。     

循环水泵泵轴联轴器螺栓断裂分析

采用化学成分分析、室温力学性能测试以及金相检验对某电厂材料为35CrMo钢的循环水泵泵轴联轴器螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:由于该螺栓在热加工成型后未按要求进行调质处理,导致其硬度和强度偏低,加上螺栓头部形状不规则以及螺栓头部与螺杆连接部位没有过渡圆弧造成应力集中,使螺栓在循环水泵运行过程中泵轴轴系的周期性振动下发生疲劳断裂。     

吊车转盘连接螺栓断裂分析

吊车转盘后部的连接螺栓发生断裂,通过化学成分分析、宏观和微观检验等方法对断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明：螺栓为疲劳断裂,螺纹根部的细小裂纹是导致螺栓发生疲劳断裂的主要原因;螺栓松动后受到弯曲载荷是引起螺栓发生疲劳断裂的诱因。     

汽车螺栓断裂失效分析

对汽车上某一连接发动机和车身的高强度级别螺栓在使用过程中发生的断裂进行了分析.结果表明,螺栓的化学成分和金相组织均正常,其断裂为多源疲劳断裂.经对螺栓使用过程中的受力情况分析,认为螺栓断裂主要是由于该螺栓在安装时预紧力不足或汽车在运行过程中,发动机自身振动和汽车行进中颠簸而使螺栓产生了松动,从而受到交变载荷而在应力集中最为严重的螺纹根部发生疲劳断裂.     

叠层膜片联轴器螺栓断裂原因分析

采用化学成分分析、显微组织检验、硬度测定、断口宏观和微观观察及能谱分析等方法对叠层膜片联轴器断裂螺栓进行了分析.结果表明,螺栓根部的退刀槽因加工质量差造成应力集中,加上材料内部有夹杂物,同时在叠层膜片联轴器安装上有问题及机组中其他部件(如风机叶片和齿轮箱)也有损坏等各种因素的存在,该叠层膜片联轴器螺栓组使用于频繁起动的大载荷工作状态,一旦有超过该螺栓所能承受的工作应力就会引起疲劳而发生断裂,最终导致叠层膜片联轴器损坏.给出了正确设计、制造、安装和使用叠层膜片联轴器的建议.     

冲击载荷对飞机起落架螺纹连接的影响

对近期民航飞机主起落架连杆插销螺栓失效原因进行分析,估计出飞机降落过程中插销螺栓承受的最大冲击载荷为698 MPa,采用Yamamoto方法分析计算得到插销螺栓每一个啮合螺纹的应力分布,利用有限元分析法建立了连杆插销螺栓连接的有限元模型,分析所有啮合螺纹的应力应变场。分析了冲击载荷对螺旋效果和螺纹啮合位置产生的影响,这为飞机起落架的校查及使用寿命预测提供了重要的依据。     

高强度螺栓疲劳缺口系数的有限元分析

螺栓球节点网架结构在悬挂吊车作用下的疲劳是工程界和学术界关注的热点,该结构的疲劳关键是高强度螺栓的疲劳。该文借助ANSYS有限元软件;选取常用的M14、M20、M24、M30、M33、M39、M52、M60共8种规格40Cr制高强度螺栓为分析对象;采用20节点的SOLID95单元类型进行三维实体建模;在重点定量探讨螺栓直径、螺纹升角、螺纹牙根圆角半径及螺栓球四个主要影响因素的基础上,建立了适用于各种规格高强度螺栓疲劳缺口系数的通用计算公式,数值区间为4.35―4.89。该文的研究结论揭示了应力集中和疲劳源的关系,为进一步以热点应力或热点应力幅为参量建立螺栓球节点网架结构疲劳计算方法奠定了理论基础。     

钻井泵主轴承螺栓断裂分析

对主轴承螺栓在钻井泵上具体安装配合情况进行了调查，在此基础上，分析计算了主轴承螺栓在钻井泵工作时的受力情况，并通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜等手段对钻井泵主轴承螺栓断裂失效进行了分析。结果表明，该主轴承螺栓受拉－拉和弯曲双重疲劳，且主要在弯曲疲劳的作用下，于主轴承螺栓的应力集中处－螺纹根部，促使疲劳裂纹的产生和扩展，最终导致螺栓的疲劳断裂。为防止这类失效提出了建议。     

Failure analysis of a failed connecting rod cap and connecting bolts of a reciprocating compressor

Connecting rod cap and connecting bolts of a reciprocating compressor are subjected to complex dynamic loads therefore they are of critical machine elements. The causes for the failure of connecting rod cap and connecting bolts after approximately 175,200 h in service have been investigated. To determine the failure mechanism of the connecting system and to figure out which of the connecting rod cap and connecting bolts was broken first, material characterization and numerical analysis are conducted on the connecting rod and connecting bolts. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope are applied to analysis the macro and microstructures. The chemical composition and metallographic structure investigation are carried out to study characteristics of the materials. Tensile tests, hardness and impact tests are performed to check the mechanical properties of the connecting rod cap and three connecting bolts. A finite element analysis of the connecting system is employed to evaluate the overall stress distribution with maximum stress criterion. Results of this investigation indicate that the reason of failure was high cycle fatigue and the initial crack location was consistent with high stress concentration at the curvature mutation position of connecting rod cap which was broken before the connecting bolts.     

1240MPa级Ti-38644高锁螺栓的拉伸疲劳增寿机理

用扫描电镜和能谱观测分析Ti-38644高强钛合金高锁螺栓的拉伸疲劳断口,揭示了高锁螺栓的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的微观特征和疲劳增寿机理。结果表明,Ti-38644高强钛合金高锁螺栓的疲劳断口包括疲劳裂纹萌生区、扩展区和瞬断区:疲劳裂纹从螺栓头下圆角滚压薄弱部位表面萌生,随后在基体中呈放射性扩展;进入扩展区后裂纹的尺寸由微观扩展至宏观,以疲劳条带扩展机制为主,同时也存在解理断裂。头下圆角处的变形层对Ti-38644高锁螺栓的疲劳寿命有显著的影响,变形层使Ti-38644钛合金高锁螺栓的疲劳寿命明显提高。通过微观组织与疲劳寿命的对比,探讨了Ti-38644钛合金高锁螺栓疲劳强化的作用机理。     

Metallurgical failure analysis of fasteners in an impeller assembly

This paper examines a failure analysis of the bolts from a failed joint between an impeller blade and a rotating assembly unit. The bolts failed due to poor thread manufacture and installation. Sharpened thread roots led to high stress concentrations that favored crack initiation. An oddly shaped thread profile allowed friction between mismatched thread surfaces. Poor installation procedures allowed for the possibility of overtightening to nucleate cracks in the head-to-shank interface (which had a smaller radius and therefore a higher stress concentration) and possibly also in the thread roots. Each of these influences contributed to crack initiation in the bolts. After cracks had formed, bending fatigue then propagated the nucleated cracks to final fracture. The failure analysis also recommended using bolts with rolled threads, which allow a more complete fit between mating male and female threads, and assuring that an appropriate preload is placed on bolts during installation.