基于S-SLLE的风电机组齿轮箱故障诊断方法研究

针对风电机组齿轮箱结构复杂、受交变载荷和恶劣工作环境影响容易出现故障导致停机的问题,提出基于统计学K-均值聚类理论的统计型监督式局部线性嵌入流形学习(S-SLLE)特征维数约简方法,首先通过对齿轮箱振动信号时频域故障特征提取,剔除冗余特征向量,减少诊断模型的复杂度和计算量,再利用RBF核支持向量机分类器建立诊断模型,对...     

小波包能量熵和改进的LSSVM在风力机轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对极端复杂工况下风力机轴承运行状态监测中的故障诊断问题,提出一种基于小波包能量熵故障特征提取并结合鲸鱼算法(WOA)优化最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)进行故障分类识别的风力机轴承故障诊断方法.通过小波包分解提取各频带成分的能量熵值构建故障特征集,同时针对LSSVM参数的选取依赖人工选择的盲目性问题,采用鲸鱼优化算法...     

互补集合经验模式分解与奇异值能量谱在风电齿轮故障识别中的应用

针对风电机组齿轮系统故障模式的有效识别问题,提出一种互补集合经验模式分解(CEEMD)与奇异值能量谱相结合的故障识别方法。利用CEEMD将齿轮非平稳信号分解为有限个平稳的本征模态函数,并将其组成初始特征向量矩阵,对矩阵进行奇异值分解并求出风电齿轮不同工况下的奇异值能量谱分布,以奇异值能量谱为元素构造特征向量,通过计算不同工况振动信号的灰色关联度来判断齿轮的故障类型。实例表明,该方法能有效应用于风电机组齿轮系统的故障诊断。     

Feature extraction method of wind turbine based on adaptive Morlet wavelet and SVD

Analyzing the vibration signals of wind turbine usually requires feature extraction. However, in many cases, to extract feature components becomes challenging and the applicability of information drops down due to the large amount of noise. In this paper, a new denoising method based on adaptive Morlet wavelet and singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to feature extraction for wind turbine vibration signals. Modified Shannon wavelet entropy is utilized to optimize central frequency and bandwidth parameter of the Morlet wavelet so as to achieve optimal match with the impulsive components. The time-frequency resolution can be adapted to different signals of interest. Then, an improved matrix construction method is used to construct matrix of the wavelet coefficient, and the scale periodical exponential (SPE) spectrum is obtained by SVD for selecting the appropriate transform scale. Experimental analysis and application into signal denoising indicate that the proposed method has better denoising performance than other wavelet transforms. The results of the experimental analysis in rolling bearing and the application in planetary gearbox show that the proposed method is an effective approach to detecting the impulsive feature components hidden in vibration signals and performs well for wind turbine fault diagnosis.     

Generator bearing fault diagnosis for wind turbine via empirical wavelet transform using measured vibration signals

The implementation of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system (CMFDS) on wind turbine is significant to lower the unscheduled breakdown. Generator is one of the most important components in wind turbine, and generator bearing fault identification always draws lots of attention. However, non-stationary vibration signal of weak fault and compound fault with a large amount of background noise makes this task challenging in many cases. So, effective signal processing method is essential in the accurate diagnosis step of CMFDS. As a novel signal processing method, empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) is used to extract inherent modulation information by decomposing signal into mono-components under an orthogonal basis, which is seen as a powerful tool for mechanical fault diagnosis. Moreover, in order to avoid the inaccurate identification the internal modes caused by the heavy noise, wavelet spatial neighboring coefficient denoising with data-driven threshold is applied to increase Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) before EWT. The effectiveness of the proposed technique on weak fault and compound fault diagnosis is first validated by two experimental cases. Finally, the proposed method has been applied to identify fault feature of generator bearing on wind turbine in wind farm successfully.     

基于AEWT-KELM的风电机组轴承故障诊断策略

针对风力发电机组轴承故障振动信号传递路径复杂多变,且故障信号易受到背景噪声的严重干扰,传统方法对故障特征难以准确提取的问题,提出一种自适应经验小波变换（AEWT）与奇异值分解（SVD）的特征提取方法,并结合核极限学习机（KELM）实现风电机组轴承的故障诊断,该方法同时考虑轴承不同故障类型及不同损伤等级的情况。其中,自适应EWT为两阶段调整过程：基于尺度空间法固有模态函数（IMF）分解-确保EWT分解的有效性、基于相关系数最大的敏感分量提取-实现相关特征最大化和冗余信息的消除。通过相关实验结果可明显发现,所提AEWT的分解效果优于EMD、EEMD、CEEMDAN、LMD等方法。对提取敏感分量利用SVD计算奇异值,构建故障特征向量;最后将特征向量作为KELM的输入,建立KELM轴承状态识别模型。通过西储大学平台轴承振动信号和实际风场采集的轴承振动信号对算法进行验证,结果表明,相比SVM、ELM、KNN等识别模型,该方法能有效识别出不同故障类型及不同损伤等级下的轴承故障,整体识别率达99%。     

Fault diagnosis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell system of tram based on information fusion and deep learning

The reliability of fuel cell tram depends largely on the normal operation of on-board proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. Therefore, timely and accurate fault diagnosis is necessary to further commercialize the fuel cell tram. And, a new fault diagnosis method BPNN-InceptionNet based on information fusion and deep learning is proposed in this paper. In this method, high-dimensional abstract features are extracted from the original measurement information by back propagation neural network (BPNN) and converted into feature maps for information fusion in feature level. Then the feature maps are transferred to a proposed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on InceptionNet to realize fault classification. From the experiments, it is found that the kappa coefficient by BPNN-InceptionNet for the test set can reach 0.9884, which is better than that by BPNN, BPNN-VGG, and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers, meaning that the proposed method can achieve better diagnostic performance.     

基于优化经验小波变换与改进支持向量机的齿轮箱故障检测策略

针对强噪声背景下风力机齿轮箱振动信号易被掩盖、难以提取的难题,基于频域谱负熵（Frequency-domain Spectral Negentropy,FSN）改进经验小波变换（Empirical Wavelet Transform,EWT）提出优化经验小波变换方法（Improved Empirical Wavelet Transform,IEWT）,并采用改进灰狼算法（Improved Grey Wolf Optimization,IGWO）优化支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）惩罚系数α及核参数σ。基于NREL GRC风力机齿轮箱数据验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明：IEWT-IGWO-SVM可有效提取故障信息并进行故障识别,分类准确率高达99.66%。     

一种改进的MRVM方法及其在风电机组轴承诊断中的应用

针对风力机电组轴承故障难以诊断的问题,提出一种基于改进多分类相关向量机(MRVM)的风力机电组主轴轴承概率性智能故障诊断方法。首先,为了减少人为设定核参数的主观性以提高其分类性能,提出MRVM最优核参数自适应选取方法;然后,通过仿真实验结果验证所提方法的有效性及优越性;最后,以风电机组主轴滚动轴承故障诊断为实例,提取小波包能量为故障特征输入到改进后的MRVM中进行故障识别。实验结果表明,该方法可提高故障诊断准确率及效率,同时可输出故障诊断结果的概率信息,为实际检修人员提供更多参考信息。此外,通过与其他方法的对比实验进一步表明该方法在智能故障诊断方面的优越性。     

Wind turbine fault diagnosis method based on diagonal spectrum and clustering binary tree SVM

Renewable energy sources like wind energy are copiously available without any limitation. Reliability of wind turbine is critical to extract maximum amount of energy from the wind. The vibration signals in wind turbine's rotation parts are of universal non-Gasussian and nonstationarity and the fault samples are usually very limited. Aiming at these problems, this paper proposed a wind turbine fault diagnosis method based on diagonal spectrum and clustering binary tree Support Vector Machines (SVM). Firstly, the diagonal spectrum is calculated from vibration rotating machine as the input feature vector. Secondly, self-organizing feature map neural network is introduced to cluster the fault feature samples and construct a cluster binary tree. Then the multiple fault classifiers are designed to train and test samples. The wind turbine gear-box fault experiment results proved that this method can effectively extract features from nonstationary signals, and can obtain excellent results despite of less training samples.     

支持向量机和BP神经网络在水轮发电机轴承故障诊断中的应用

支持向量机(SVM)与BP神经网络相比各有优缺点,通过对支持向量机和BP神经网络在水轮发电机滚动轴承故障诊断中的仿真实验,来对比两者在轴承故障诊断上的泛化能力。首先通过应用经验模态分解(EMD)的方法将轴承振动信号进行分解,得到本征模函数(IMF),再将IMF的平均能量值作为故障特征向量。将这些特征向量作为支持向量机和BP神经网络的学习样本。经过仿真研究结果表明,在小样本集的前提下,支持向量机在轴承故障诊断中的精确度不但受样本数量变动的影响较小,准确度也高于BP神经网络,具有较强的泛化能力。对水轮发电机滚动轴承故障诊断模型的应优先考虑选择SVM。     

基于一维密集连接卷积网络的风电齿轮箱智能故障分类

人工智能技术的飞速发展为现代能源装备的精益化故障诊断与健康管理提供了可能。风电齿轮箱由多个齿轮、轴承组成,且长期在变速、变载荷工况下运行,依靠传统的故障特征提取结合机器学习方法进行故障诊断存在精度低、缺乏智能性等缺点。文章提出了基于一维密集连接卷积网络的风电齿轮箱故障分类方法:将原始振动信号直接送入网络模型,经过密集连接、合成连接与卷积运算,匹配对应的故障类型,迭代训练故障分类模型;振动信号输入模型后的分类结果决定所属故障类别。文章所提出的风电齿轮箱故障分类方法具有诊断流程简单、故障识别率高等特点,多工况试验台故障数据验证了该方法的有效性。     

A new noise-controlled second-order enhanced stochastic resonance method with its application in wind turbine drivetrain fault diagnosis

Condition monitoring of a wind turbine is important to extend the wind turbine system's reliability and useful life. However, in many cases, to extract feature components becomes challenging and the applicability of information drops down due to the large amount of noise. Stochastic resonance (SR), used as a method of utilising noise to amplify weak signals in nonlinear systems, can detect weak signals overwhelmed in the noise. Therefore, a new noise-controlled second-order enhanced SR method based on the Morlet wavelet transform is proposed to extract fault feature for wind turbine vibration signals in the present study. The second-order SR method can obtain better denoising effect and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of resonance output by means of twice integral transform compared with the traditional SR method. Morlet wavelet transform can obtain finer frequency partitions and overcome the frequency aliasing compared with the classical wavelet transform. Therefore, through Morlet wavelet transform, the noise intensity of different scales can be adjusted to realize the resonance detection of weak periodic signal whatever it is a low-frequency signal or high-frequency signal. Thus the method is well-suited for enhancement of weak fault identification, whose effectiveness has been verified by the practical vibration signals carrying fault information. Finally, the proposed method has been applied to extract feature of the looseness fault of shaft coupling of wind turbine successfully.     

小波神经理论在风力机齿轮箱故障诊断系统中的应用

风力机齿轮箱振动信号是一种时频特性复杂的非平稳信号,常规的时域和频域分析方法难以有效的分析齿轮箱故障及提取故障特征。提出一种基于小波分析和神经网络的风力机齿轮箱故障诊断方法,该方法采用小波时频分析技术对风力发电机故障振动信号进行消噪滤波,通过小波包分解系数求取频带能量,根据各个频带能量的变化提取故障特征,为实现智能诊断提供故障特征值。应用BP神经网络进行故障识别,并采用LabVIEW和matlab软件予以实现。结果表明,该方法能有效提高风力发电机组齿轮箱故障诊断的准确性。     

小波包分析和神经网络在风电机组变频器故障诊断中的应用

由非线性电力电子装置组成的风力机变频器一旦发生故障,其故障特征信息不容易被提取和识别。为此,提出了一种基于小波包分析和Elman神经网络的电力电子装置故障诊断的方法,先运用小波包分析法提取电力电子装置电路在不同故障状态下电压及电流信号的特征信息,然后对数据进行归一化处理并作为Elman神经网络的输入,由具有智能学习功能的神经元故障分类器完成故障识别和定位。以典型的风力机交—直—交变频器为例,在Matlab软件下建立电路模型对一次侧故障进行仿真实验,结果表明采用该方法可以快速、准确地完成故障诊断。     

基于特征选择和XGBoost的风电机组故障诊断

随着风电规模的不断增加,风电机组的运行维护成为研究的热点.针对风电机组的故障诊断问题,文章提出了一种基于特征选择和XGBoost算法的故障诊断方法.该方法采用随机森林的袋外估计进行特征选择,降低了特征选择过程的主观性;以XGBoost算法为基础搭建诊断模型,采用网格搜索和交叉验证对算法进行参数优化.以风电场SCADA实...     

基于量子进化在线序贯极限学习机的变桨系统故障检测

针对复杂工况下风电机组变桨系统故障检测问题,采用在线序贯极限学习机建立变桨系统状态监测模型,利用ReliefF算法进行模型的特征选择,通过量子进化算法优化在线序贯极限学习机的超参数集,并引入马氏距离函数计算变桨系统状态监测模型的残差,判断风电机组变桨系统的异常。以辽宁某风电场1.5 MW双馈风电机组变桨系统为例,将所提出的模型分别与粒子群优化极限学习机、粒子群优化支持向量机、随机权神经网络、极限学习机和反向传播神经网络模型进行对比,结果表明所提出的模型精度优于其他模型,所提方法的故障检测正确率高于3σ阈值法和核主成分分析方法。     

基于小波包能量特征向量神经网络的旋转机械故障诊断

为精确诊断旋转机械的故障,提出一种基于小波包特征向量的神经网络故障诊断方法。用转子台信号模拟旋转机械故障,并对采集到的信号进行3层小波包分解,构造小波包特征向量,并以此为故障样本对3层BP网络进行训练,实现智能化故障诊断。实验结果表明训练好的神经网络能够很好地诊断出转子台故障类型,为旋转机械的故障诊断提供了新方向。     

基于AVMD和WDK的风电齿轮箱轴承复合故障诊断方法研究

针对强背景噪声下轴承微弱复合故障特征提取困难的问题,提出一种基于自适应变分模态分解（AVMD）和优化的Wasserstein距离指标（WDK）的风电齿轮箱轴承复合故障诊断方法。首先,引入自适应学习粒子群优化算法（ALPSO）,以平均包络熵作为ALPSO的适应度函数来搜索变分模态分解的最佳影响参数,从而构造AVMD;其次,结合Wasserstein距离（WD）和峭度优点,提出WDK指标筛选有效模态分量,并对筛选的有效模态分量进行重构;然后,通过对重构信号进行包络谱分析实现轴承复合故障的诊断;最后,将所提AVMD-WDK方法应用于某风场2 MW风电齿轮箱轴承振动信号的故障诊断。结果表明,该方法能有效提取轴承的微弱故障特征,实现轴承复合故障的精确诊断。     

基于振动谱时频图像特征及SVM参数同步优化识别的内燃机故障诊断

为实现内燃机振动谱时频图像特征的自动提取及识别,提出了一种基于振动谱时频图像特征优选及SVM(support vector machine)同步优化识别的内燃机故障诊断新方法.该方法首先采用小波包生成内燃机振动谱时频相平面图,然后从内燃机振动谱图像的形状特征、灰度统计特征和纹理特征来提取特征参数,最后将支持向量机引入内燃机振动谱图像识别中,并针对机械振动谱图像特征参数优选问题,以及SVM的核函数及核函数参数选择问题,提出了基于免疫克隆选择机理的特征选择和SVM参数同步优化算法.内燃机故障诊断实例表明,所提方法故障分类准确率达到了98.92%,验证了该方法的有效性.该方法为实现内燃机振动谱图像特征的自动提取及识别探索了一条新途径.