新型复合相变储能材料Na/Paraffin的制备与性能分析

为提升广泛应用于相变储能领域的石蜡的导热系数,在手套箱内将导热系数高、熔点低、密度小的金属Na与石蜡复合为Na/paraffin新型相变储能材料,并对其导热系数、相变潜热及储/放热特性进行研究。结果表明:5%Na/95%paraffin复合相变储能材料导热系数较纯石蜡提高了17.6倍,储/放热速率均较纯石蜡提升了1倍;经过200次循环实验后,3%Na/97%paraffin复合相变储能材料相变温度由60.58℃下降到59.65℃,相变潜热由166.7520J·g~(-1)下降到160.5632J·g~(-1),热导率由2.33W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)减少到1.98W·m~(-1)·K~(-1)。     

泡沫石墨/石蜡复合相变储热材料的调温隔热性能

采用多次真空灌注方法将石蜡吸附到多孔的泡沫石墨中,制备出了泡沫石墨/石蜡复合相变储热材料。利用Hot Disk热常数分析仪和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)对该复合材料的热性能进行了测试,结果表明,石蜡充分吸附到泡沫石墨的蜂窝状微孔中,泡沫石墨的填充极大地强化了相变材料的导热能力。研究了将该复合材料用作墙体围护结构时的隔热和调温性能,并与普通轻质墙体材料作围护结构进行了对比,结果表明,复合相变储热材料能够有效地利用昼夜温差进行储热放热,有效地阻止了热量进入室内,可明显降低室内温度波动和最大值,提高人体舒适度,具有较好的调温隔热效果。     

纳米铝粉/石蜡复合相变储能材料的性能研究

针对石蜡作为固-液相变储能材料存在导热系数小、传热性能差的缺点,采用两步法制备了分散性较好的纳米铝粉/石蜡复合相变材料,并对其热物性能进行了实验研究.研究表明,纳米铝粉的加入有效地提高了石蜡相变储能材料的导热系数,而对相变潜热和相变温度影响不大.     

膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料有效导热系数的数值计算

通过膨胀石墨粉与石蜡混合制备相变复合材料可有效提高该储能材料的传热性能。为研究膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的导热机制,提出了膨胀石墨粉与石蜡混合后的3尺度层次固体有效导热系数计算方法。然后,通过数值模拟计算得到了具有不同体积分数和不同导热系数的膨胀石墨导热颗粒的膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数。结果表明:膨胀石墨能够有效地提高石蜡的导热性能,当膨胀石墨的体积分数为10%时,膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数是纯石蜡的9倍。此外,提高底层尺度的石墨片与石蜡的混合程度及降低底层尺度石墨的体积分数都能有效提高膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数。所得结论为探究膨胀石墨粉提高相变复合材料导热系数的机理奠定了基础。     

纳米铜粉/石蜡复合相变储能材料的性能研究

针对石蜡作为固-液相变储能材料存在导热系数小、传热性能差的缺点,利用两步法制备了分散均匀稳定的纳米铜粉/石蜡复合相变材料,并研究了其热物性能。研究表明,纳米铜粉的加入能略微降低石蜡相变储能材料的相变潜热,对相变温度的影响不大,但能有效提高石蜡相变储能材料的导热系数,且使纳米铜粉/石蜡复合相变材料具有较好的热稳定性。     

一种适合潜热输送的高温相变石蜡乳状液的热性能

针对太阳能利用、余热利用、集中供暖等应用背景,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)遴选了一种相变温度合适(相变峰值87℃)、相变潜热值较大(203.9J/g)的工业石蜡,并以此为相变材料,采用非离子型乳化剂及助乳剂复配的方法研制了3种浓度的石蜡乳状液高温潜热输送材料。测定了石蜡乳状液高温潜热输送材料的相变点、相变潜热等热物性,并研究了其蓄热特性。结果表明,该材料是一种在80～90℃之间存在相变的储、传热工质,在相变区间内的储、载热密度远大于水,是一种良好的潜热输送材料。     

月桂酸/二氧化硅复合相变储能材料的制备与性能

以月桂酸为相变材料,二氧化硅为基体,采用溶胶-凝胶法将相变材料嵌入到SiO2网络空间内,制备出月桂酸/二氧化硅复合相变储能材料。采用IR,SEM及DSC对复合相变储能材料进行了结构、形貌以及热性能表征。结果表明:含相变材料69.1%质量分数的复合材料相变温度为43.1℃,相变潜热高达104.64J/g,相变材料均匀地嵌入到SiO2网络空间内,发生相变时不泄露。同时二氧化硅作为基体材料形成空间传热网格,较大提高了相变材料的导热性能。     

Preparation of shape-stabilized phase change materials as temperature-adjusting powder

The shape-stabilized phase change materials (PCMs) composed of paraffin wax and silica were prepared in O/W emulsion with cetyl trimethylamine bromide as emulsifier and n-pentanol as assist emulsifier. The paraffin wax (with melting temperature of 29°C, crystallizing temperature of 26°C and latent heat of 142 J/g) served as latent heat storage material and the silica as supporting material, which prevented the leakage of the melted paraffin wax. Silica supporting material was formed in situ via hydrolysis and condensation from low-cost sodium silicate solution with chlorhydric acid and ammonium bicarbonate as neutralizing agent. The thermogravimetry (TG) curves show that the composite has a thermal stability superior to that of paraffin wax and that the content of paraffin wax in the composite is 65wt%. The maximum latent heat and its relevant melting point of composite are 95 J/g and 30°C, respectively.     

膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变蓄热材料的热性能及定形性研究

以石蜡为相变材料,膨胀石墨为基体材料,采用熔融混合法制备不同配比的膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变蓄热材料并压制成形。对制备的复合相变材料进行物相分析及结构和热性能表征,并考察了定形复合相变材料的热稳定性。测试结果表明,采用该方法制备的复合相变材料没有新物质生成,性质稳定。当未定形的相变材料中膨胀石墨的含量达到10%时,石蜡吸附完全,相变潜热最大。通过对定形复合相变材料进行热循环实验,发现当膨胀石墨含量为30%时,石蜡不易渗出,循环热稳定性好,具有应用价值。     

生物炭/二十烷复合定型相变材料制备及其光热、电热转换和储存性能

为解决单一有机相变材料二十烷(n-Eicosane)导热性差及在相变过程中易发生泄漏的问题,本实验选取玉米秸秆作为生物质原料,通过700℃高温热解、KOH刻蚀改性制备了具有多级孔道结构的生物炭(KBC)材料,再通过乙醇熔融、真空浸渍的方法将二十烷封装到生物炭内部孔道,得到了一种生物炭/二十烷(KBC/n-Eicosane)复合定型相变材料。通过SEM、XRD、FTIR等表征手段研究了复合材料的微观结构和形貌,同时利用TG及DSC测试了复合相变材料的热稳定性和储热性能,并探讨了复合相变材料中二十烷不同用量与焓值的关系。结果表明,复合相变材料的焓值与二十烷的用量成正比,当复合相变材料中生物炭与二十烷的质量比为1∶2时,复合相变材料未明显泄漏,定型效果良好,此时对应的熔融焓和凝固焓值分别为121.3 J·g^-1和117.6 J·g^-1,经过100次循环储热和放热性能测试后,未产生渗漏现象,相变焓值亦无明显变化,表明该复合相变材料的储热能力和稳定性较好。此外,还通过模拟太阳光辐射和接入直流电源的方式测试了复合相变材料的光热转换和电热转换能力,结果表明...     

基于复合相变散热的锂离子电池热管理实验研究

以纳米氮化硼(BN)为填料,制备不同质量分数的石蜡基纳米复合材料,对其进行热物性表征,并将该材料用于锂离子电池的热管理。实验结果发现,BN与石蜡之间为物理复合作用;复合材料的熔点和相变潜热随着BN含量增加均有所降低,复合材料导热系数发生转折的点对应于熔点;由于BN在石蜡中发生沉降,导致其含量为1%时复合材料热导率最大,为0.3386W/m·K。将1%的复合材料应用于锂离子电池的热管理,发现在3C和5C倍率放电条件下,电池表面最高温度较纯石蜡分别降低1.43℃和3.39℃,具有3.5%和7.6%的降温效果;最大温差分别降低0.24℃和0.35℃,比纯石蜡降低20%以上,电池表面温度更趋于均匀。因此复合相变材料在电池热管理上具有较好的应用前景。     

癸酸-棕榈酸-硬脂酸/膨胀石墨蓄能复合相变材料的制备与热性能研究

癸酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸形成的三元低共熔物与膨胀石墨通过真空浸渍法制备出新型癸酸-棕榈酸-硬脂酸/膨胀石墨储能复合相变材料,适宜的质量比为m(癸酸)∶m(棕榈酸)∶m(硬脂酸)=77.0∶11.5∶11.5,m(癸酸-棕榈酸-硬脂酸)∶m(膨胀石墨)=13∶1。采用DSC、FT-IR、TG、SEM、冷热循环实验和蓄/放热实验研究了材料的结构和热性能。SEM和FT-IR分析结果表明低共熔物与膨胀石墨是通过物理吸附方式结合。DSC结果表明复合材料融化和凝固时的相变温度为28.93℃和16.32℃,相变潜热为137.38J/g和141.51J/g。TG结果表明复合相变材料在100℃以下具有良好的热稳定性。500次热循环和蓄/放热实验表明循环前后复合相变材料的热可靠性好,且使用寿命长。膨胀石墨的添加改善了复合材料的热性能和热导率。研究表明制备的新型复合相变材料具有合适的相变温度、较高的相变潜热和热导率,热性能稳定可靠,可用于低温蓄能领域。     

纳米氧化铜/辛酸-肉豆蔻酸相变储能材料的制备及热物性

辛酸(OA)-肉豆蔻酸(MA)是一种极有发展潜力的相变材料,但是因过低的导热系数限制了其进一步大规模推广。通过添加纳米氧化铜(CuONP)改善其导热性,制备了一种融化温度在7~9℃的可用于空调蓄冷系统的新型相变储能材料。利用理论模型预测OA-MA二元共熔体系的融化温度与相变潜热,发现计算结果与实验不符。对比不同分散剂对CuONP的分散效果,发现白猫洗洁精分散效果最好。通过步冷试验、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、瞬态平面热源法(Hotdisk)及加速热循环实验,对比不同质量比CuONP对OA-MA在宏观热表现、融化温度、相变潜热、导热系数与热扩散率等方面的影响来研究纳米流体的传热传质机理,并提出了热扩散率与相变潜热的拟合曲线;根据材料300次与600次循环后的融化温度与相变潜热,发现该材料循环热稳定性较好。     

以高岭石稳定的Pickering乳液为模板制备高岭石聚脲微胶囊及相变性能研究

相变微胶囊以其优异的储热性能被广泛用于建筑节能等领域,但是,由于传统相变微胶囊常以表面活性剂所稳定的乳液为模板,由单一高分子聚合物形成囊壁,导致其热稳定性和储热性能较低。本文通过在高岭石稳定的水/石蜡乳液界面处引发异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和水发生聚合反应,成功获得了囊壁为高岭石聚脲包封客体为石蜡的相变微胶囊。结果表明:相变微胶囊形貌规整呈球形,微胶囊平均粒径为42μm并可通过调控乳液液滴大小实现尺寸调控;该微胶囊的石蜡包封率达85.3%,相变点为49.6℃,热分解温度为218℃,相变潜热高达175.7 J/g。以高岭石稳定的Pickering乳液为模板所制备的相变微胶囊具有良好的热稳定性和相变潜热,有望作为相变储热材料应用于节能领域。     

Study on the phase change thermal storage performance of palmitic acid/carbon nanotubes composites

After oxidization with the mixed acid of H₂SO₄ and HNO₃, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were further grafted by γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane. Then, CNTs, oxidized CNTs and grafted CNTs were respectively dispersed into palmitic acid (PA) matrix to prepare phase change composites at a mass ratio of 1/100. According to the comparative analysis results of the FT-IR spectra, morphology, dispersion and latent heat of the three composites, it is discovered that the composite with grafted CNTs showed the greatest dispersion and tube–matrix adhesion, and thus gained the highest latent heat. It is worth mentioning that the composite with grafted CNTs demonstrated a more favorable latent heat and a 34.1% enhancement of thermal conductivity in comparison with PA. Moreover, the composite with grafted CNTs kept homogeneous after 100 times of melting and freezing, and the retention rate of latent heat can be as high as 98.5%.     

泡沫金属填充率对相变材料强化换热的机理研究

本文基于石蜡和泡沫金属铜制备了复合相变蓄热材料,设计并搭建了可视化蓄热实验装置,分析了泡沫金属铜填充率对石蜡蓄热过程的强化传热机理。实验结果表明：当泡沫金属铜的填充率从0增至2.13%时,复合相变蓄热材料的融化时间从901 s缩短至791 s,缩短了12.21%;当泡沫金属铜的填充率为2.13%时,石蜡内部的温度梯度最小,为22.52 K。此外,随着泡沫金属铜填充率的增加,复合相变蓄热材料的蓄热量从15 932 J减小至13 296 J,减少了16.55%,蓄热速率先减小后增大,分别为18.41、18.33、18.64、19.13 J/s,当泡沫金属铜的填充率为0.99%时,蓄热装置中石蜡的蓄热量为14 539 J,蓄热速率为18.52 J/s,蓄热装置的蓄热性能较好。     

Shape stabilization,thermal energy storage behavior and thermal conductivity enhancement of flexible paraffin/MWCNTs/PP hollow fiber membrane composite phase change materials

Flexible shape-stabilized composite phase change materials (ss-CPCMs) have a wide range of potential applications because they can be woven into desired shapes. In this work, a series of novel flexible paraffin/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polypropylene hollow fiber membrane (PHFM) ss-CPCMs (PC-PHFM-CPCMs) with weavability were fabricated for thermal energy storage. In order to select a PHFM with optimum stretching ratio as the supporting material for the flexible ss-CPCMs, PHFMs with different stretching ratios were fabricated to encapsulate the paraffin as novel flexible ss-CPCMs (P-PHFM-CPCMs). The effects of stretching ratios on the latent heats and absorption capacity were investigated. PHFM200 (polypropylene hollow fiber stretched by 200%) showed the high porosity (65.2%) and tensile strength (119.9 MPa), and the corresponding P-PHFM-CPCM200 had the largest latent heats in the melting process and solidifying process (73.90 and 76.71 J/g) and maximum paraffin absorption capacity (52.42 wt%) compared to other candidates. Paraffin/MWCNTs mixtures with high thermal conductivity were injected into the columned cavity of P-PHFM-CPCM200 to further enhance the paraffin encapsulation capacity and significantly improve their heat transfer. Among all PC-PHFM-CPCMs, PC0-PHFM-CPCM200 exhibited the maximum paraffin encapsulation capacity of 80.97 wt%. The thermal conductivity of PC-PHFM-CPCMs was obviously enhanced with the increase in the weight ratio of MWCNTs. PC4-PHFM-CPCM200 achieved the highest thermal conductivity of 0.46 W/m K, which was obviously improved by 100%. The corresponding latent heat in the solidification process was 109.2 J/g. In addition, excellent chemical compatibility and thermal stability of PC-PHFM-CPCMs were demonstrated by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis.     

Synthesis of shape-stabilized paraffin/silicon dioxide composites as phase change material for thermal energy storage

The shape-stabilized paraffin/silicon dioxide (SiO₂) composite phase change materials (PCM) were prepared by using sol–gel methods. Paraffin was used as the PCM, and silicon dioxide was acted as the supporting material. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope (FT-IR) and scanning electronic microscope were used to determine the FT-IR spectra and microstructure of shape-stabilized paraffin/silicon dioxide composite PCM, respectively. The thermal properties and thermal stability were investigated by a differential scanning calorimeter and a thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The SEM analysis showed that the paraffin was well dispersed into the porous network of silicon dioxide. DSC analysis indicated that the mass content of paraffin in silicon dioxide was up to 92.1%, and paraffin/silicon dioxide composites had solidifying temperature of 57.07 °C, solidifying latent heat of 59.66 kJ/kg, melting temperature of 58.10 °C, and melting latent heat of 139.59 kJ/kg.     

Thermal Conductivity of High-Temperature Multicomponent Materials with Phase Change

This work focuses on the investigation of the effective thermal conductivity (λ_eff) of heterogeneous materials consisting of a phase change material (PCM) and expanded graphite (EG). These composites may be employed in latent heat storage systems, where a PCM stores energy by being heated to a temperature higher than its melting point (T _m), and releases it during solidification. For the determination of λ_eff, the steady-state comparative method was used and modified to measure composite samples at temperatures above T _m. Results were compared with the thermal conductivity of the pure PCMs, and a significant increase could be observed. The dependence of λ_eff on temperature, as well as the influence of the material microstructure on the enhancement of λ_eff, were examined. Paper presented at the Seventeenth European Conference on Thermophysical Properties, September 5–8, 2005, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.     

MPCMs/环氧树脂复合材料导热调温性能

目的 制备MPCMs/环氧树脂复合材料,研究石蜡相变微胶囊(MPCMs)对环氧树脂导热调温性能的影响.方法 采用共混法制备MPCMs/环氧树脂复合材料,对共混改性的复合材料进行导热、储热、调温及热稳定性能表征.结果 MPCMs/环氧树脂复合材料导热系数增大,为原来的4.91倍以上,相变潜热特性与MPCMs的质量分数成正比,有自我调节温度能力.结论 MPCMs/环氧树脂复合材料提高了环氧树脂的导热性能,保留了MPCMs的相变储热调温性能,热稳定性良好.