单层平面索网玻璃幕墙数值风洞风载荷分析

针对现行幕墙设计规范没有明确规定单层平面索网幕墙体系的风载荷计算的问题,以某大厦裙房幕墙为研究对象,用ADINA分析考虑流固耦合作用的玻璃 索网体系风振响应分析,并与通常采用的等效静风载荷方法得到的结构风效应比较.分析表明,对于非线性的索网玻璃幕墙结构,现行载荷规范采用的等效静风载荷方法会导致偏于不安全的设计计算结果.     

Dynamic estimation of optical flow field using objective functions

Optical flow (image velocity) fields are computed and interpreted from an image sequence by incorporating knowledge of object kinematics. Linear and quadratic objective functions are defined by considering the kinematics, and the function parameters are estimated simultaneously with the computation of the velocity field by relaxation. The objective functions provide an interpretation of the dynamic scenes and, at the same time, serve as the smoothness constraints. The computation is initially based on measured perpendicular velocity components of contours or region boundaries which, due to the ‘aperture problem’, are theoretically not the true perpendicular velocity components. This difficulty is alleviated by introducing a dynamic procedure for the measurement of the perpendicular components. Experiments on using objective functions for synthetic and real images of translating and rotating objects generated velocity fields that are meaningful and consistent with visual perception.     

Discrete analysis method for random vibration of structures subjected to spatially correlated filtered white noises

Random vibration analysis of large-span space structures or high-rise structures which are subjected to spatially correlated filtered white noise excitations such as wind load and earthquake motion, has been a difficult problem in engineering computation. Based on the idea of the discrete analysis method of random vibration, this paper attempts to solve this problem. The formulae of calculating structural mean and mean square responses are given. As an example, the wind-induced vibration of a cable roof structure is analysed by using these formulae.     

Rain–wind induced vibrations – phenomenology,mechanical modelling and numerical analysis

The simultaneous appearance of rain and wind at cables of cable stayed bridges and hangars of arch bridges may induce varying oscillations with large amplitudes. These phenomena are identified as rain–wind induced vibrations. The paper presents a possible fluid-mechanical interpretation of rain–wind induced vibrations. Based on this interpretation a mechanical model is deduced, in order to enable numerical investigations. The complex system of nonlinear differential equations is analysed concerning the stability of solutions. Rain–wind induced vibrations exist only within a certain range of wind velocity. The lower limit of the critical velocity range is determined for various cable inclinations and angles of incidence. Furthermore, a fluid mechanical interpretation is given for the existence of the upper limit of critical velocity. The approximation of the upper limit velocities and the determination of the critical cable diameters can be derived from established fluid-mechanical correlations. The numerical investigations show that rain–wind induced oscillations occur on vertical cables, too. For the Faro–Falster Bridge, the numerical vibration analysis is carried out for the cables parallel and perpendicular to the wind direction. The analysis of the vibration frequencies is demonstrated for the Dömitz Bridge.     

一种新的高速铁路桥梁动挠度测试方法

动挠度测试是高速铁路桥梁荷载试验的一项重要检测内容。采用QY型倾角仪、小波分析和正交多项式函数组,成功地实现了高速铁路梁桥的动挠度测试。分析了QY倾角仪的动力特征,指出了此传感器在准确感应到梁体纵向倾斜的同时也能感应到梁体的纵向振动加速度。对QY倾角仪输出信号进行小波提升分解,提取出有用的纵向倾斜信号,然后再基于正交函数组计算出动挠度曲线。采用本方法与拉线式位移计在高速铁路桥梁上进行动挠度测试对比试验,试验结果表明本方法的测试结果与拉线式位移计的测试结果的误差非常小,可达到毫米级的精度,可用于高速铁路梁桥的动挠度测试。相比其他方法,本方法具有安装方便、可以测试任何条件下的桥梁的动挠度等优点。     

Accurately estimating reflectance parameters for color and gloss reproduction

A new method is described to estimate diffuse and specular reflectance parameters using spectral images, which overcomes the dynamic range limitation of imaging devices. After eliminating the influences of illumination and camera on spectral images, reflection values are initially assumed as diffuse-only reflection components, and subjected to the least squares method to estimate diffuse reflectance parameters at each wavelength on each single surface particle. Based on the dichromatic reflection model, specular reflection components are obtained, and then subjected to the least squares method to estimate specular reflectance parameters for gloss intensity and surface roughness. Experiments were carried out using both simulation data and measured spectral images. Our results demonstrate that this method is capable of estimating diffuse and specular reflectance parameters precisely for color and gloss reproduction, without requiring preprocesses such as image segmentation and synthesis of high dynamic range images.     

超长并列斜拉索尾流驰振及其控制风洞试验研究

通过气动弹性模型风洞试验,测试了不同风攻角及索间距下,并列超长拉索间的风致振动特性,研究了拉索尾流驰振的运动轨迹及其控制措施.研究表明,拉索发生尾流驰振时,其运动轨迹通常为椭圆轨道,振动主轴与来流方向成一定倾角;运动方向为靠近尾流外侧时,向下游运动,靠近尾流中心时,向上游运动;尾流驰振发生时,拉索从来流中吸收能量,振幅缓慢增大;随着风速增加,振幅增加较快直至出现明显的、振动主轴近似沿来流方向的极限环为止;采用分隔架可以有效抑制尾流驰振的发生,研究结果对并列拉索的抗风设计与振动控制具有指导意义.     

大型海上风力发电高塔系统一体化分析建模研究

大型海上风力发电高塔系统的精细化建模与整体可靠性设计对保障风能资源开发的安全性与经济性日益重要.本文结合柔体动力学与有限元建模,考虑气动耦合效应、桩土相互作用、塔体前后运动控制和非线性转矩控制,建立了大型海上风力发电高塔系统一体化分析模型(Sto DRAOWT模型).与国际上通用的风机分析软件分析结果对比表明,本文建立的Sto DRAOWT模型分析结果可信,建模更为全面合理,计算效率更高.在此基础上,实现了风浪联合作用下海上风力发电高塔整体系统的动力响应分析,为大型海上风力发电高塔系统的随机响应分析与可靠性设计奠定了基础.     

Structural analysis of cable-reinforced inflatables

A computer simulation of behavior of cable-reinforced inflatable structures subjected to internal pressure, wind pressure, static concentrated and harmonic oscillating loads, and interacting with surrounding air is outlined. The simulation is based on a structure discretization approach with a cable under the constant pressure being used as a finite element. A numerical example given shows that the wind pressure and attached mass and damping significantly affect the dynamic response of the structure.     

Dynamic response analysis of nonlinear structures using step-by-step integration techniques

The paper describes step-by-step integration techniques to predict the dynamic response of nonlinear tension structures. The analytical procedure and the mathematical formulation of selected potential algorithms used for the solution of the equation of motion are presented. Methods of introducing the wind and earthquake loading into the step-by-step method are described. The response analysis of vibrations of a flat pretensioned cable net excited by simple harmonic loading and by a falling load are also presented, followed by a numerical example of an experimental portal frame solved by the linear acceleration method.     

基于神经网络的速度传感器幅频特性改进

为了降低磁电式振动速度传感器的下限测量频率,以实现超低频振动速度测量,提出改进其幅频特性的函数连接型人工神经网络(FLANN)方法。该方法以磁电式振动速度传感器动态试验数据为基础,通过FLANN训练来确定传感器动态补偿网络,以改善它的幅频特性。介绍了原理和FLANN权值调整的算法,给出用FLANN建立的磁电式振动速度传感器动态补偿网络的数学模型。结果表明:这种幅频特性的改进方法具有精度高、鲁棒性好,并能在线修正等优点,在工程测试领域有重要的实用价值。     

基于Adams的风机机械动力学分析

介绍风机组成和工作原理,建立风机三维模型,用Adams对风机机构进行动态仿真分析,得到关键运动部件的运动规律曲线和动力学分析曲线,结果表明Adams对复杂机构的仿真准确可靠.得到叶片与基轴之间的速度、角速度和力矩分析曲线,零部件间冲击和扰动产生的动力学响应,为风机减振降噪的优化设计提供参考.     

基础激励下桥梁斜拉索的非线性振动

在考虑拉索垂度的情况下建立了深圳湾公路大桥的动力学模型，利用有限元软件模拟了地震、风、车辆等荷载作用于桥梁结构时桥面及桥塔索锚固点的位移响应，以及全桥整体动力特性和索连接点的振动解，从而真实反映出基础激励对索的初始扰动，进而研究索在最不利荷载作用情况下谐波共振和参数振动的特性，并在此基础上分析了激励频率与拉索固有频率比的匹配关系，得出了激励幅值、初始索力、模态阻尼比、拉索倾角等参数对拉索非线性振动的影响．     

综合集成桅杆力学特性研究

以八边形综合集成桅杆为研究对象,系统研究了综合集成桅杆的风载荷特性,桅杆在风载荷下的力学特性及桅杆的固有振动特性.计算了桅杆在设计风速下的风载荷,得到了桅杆受风时平均压力和脉动压力的变化规律,并据此提出了综合集成桅杆结构分析的外载荷计算公式.通过桅杆的结构动力分析,证明了综合集成桅杆在设计风速下运动不会发生共振现象.通过桅杆的模态分析,提出了综合集成桅杆结构设计中应重点考虑的问题.研究旨在为综合集成桅杆的结构设计提供参考.     

Evolution of long-span bridge response to wind-numerical simulation and discussion

Flutter and buffeting are two important phenomena of long-span bridges susceptible to wind actions. When the wind velocity increases to the bridge flutter velocity, an initial or self-excited multi-frequency vibration in laminar flow becomes single-frequency flutter instability. Similarly, in turbulent flow, the multi-frequency buffeting vibration develops into a single-frequency dominated divergent vibration that can also be interpreted as flutter instability. Even though this transition from buffeting to flutter was observed in wind tunnel tests, the mechanism of transition from multi-frequency type of buffeting to single-frequency type of flutter has not been well demonstrated numerically. Some existent explanations on the occurrence of flutter are very generic and even somewhat confusing. An attempt to reinvestigate numerically the transition of these two phenomena was made in the present study. The established procedure demonstrates numerically how a pre-flutter multi-frequency free vibration and a multi-frequency buffeting vibration merge into a single-frequency dominated flutter at the flutter critical wind velocity. It is concluded that the modal coupling effect forces all modes to vibrate mainly in a frequency close to the oscillation frequency of the critical flutter mode. The oscillation frequency of each mode itself does not merge to that of the critical mode. As a result, some confusing concepts in flutter vibrations are clarified and the mechanisms of the vibration transition process are better understood. Numerical analyses of the Humen suspension bridge with a main span of 888 m were conducted to facilitate the discussions.     

Support vector machine based aerodynamic analysis of cable stayed bridges

Flutter, a self-excited vibration resulting from the interaction between structural motion and aerodynamic force, is the major aspect in wind resistant design of cable stayed bridges. The critical speed for flutter of a deck section can be evaluated using the flutter derivatives obtained by sectional model testing of the bridge deck in a wind tunnel. Since it is very expensive, time consuming and laborious to conduct wind tunnel tests for all the practical dimensions of deck, the support vector machine (SVM) is applied for predicting the flutter derivatives for any deck size. The wind tunnel experimental data is collected from literature and SVM is trained. Thus predicted flutter derivatives are used for estimation of critical flutter velocity of cable stayed bridges. The effect of each aerodynamic derivative on flutter instability is investigated in this study.     

基于微机械加速度计的振速水听器的设计与分析

对基于惯性传感器的同振球型振速水听器的工作原理进行了说明.采用多端口组件网络方法建立了用于振速水听器的梳齿式硅微机械加速度计的系统级模型.对内置加速度计,外部采用弹性连接的振速水听器在平面声波作用下的响应进行了仿真分析.分析结果表明,振速水听器不失真测量的工作带宽取决于其与水介质的密度比、波尺寸、与弹性连接构成振动系统以及加速度计自身振动系统的特性参数.多端口组件网络方法能够有效地实现振速水听器的建模与仿真.     

风力机叶片大挠度挥舞振动特性分析

分析了风力机叶片大挠度挥舞振动特性.基于Hamilton原理,建立了叶片大挠度挥舞振动控制方程,其中非稳态气动力由Greenberg公式得出.使用瑞利-利兹法求解振动特征问题,得到振动的频率和无阻尼模态函数.基于得出的模态函数,使用Galerkin方法将控制偏微分方程离散,得到模态坐标方程.将振动位移分解为静态位移和动态位移,得到了静态位移和动态位移方程,考查了入流速度比对静态位移和气动阻尼的影响,并对大挠度挥舞振动动态响应进行了分析,得到如下结论：大挠度挥舞振动静态位移沿叶片展向随入流速度比的增大而增大,叶尖处位移最大；当入流速度比较小时,振动为小振幅的周期运动,入流速度比较大时,振动为大振幅的拟周期运动.