纺织印染废水深度处理与回用实例

采用"一体臭氧曝气生物滤池+曝气生物滤池(BAF)"组合工艺,对纺织印染废水进行预处理,联合后续膜分离工艺以实现中水回用,处理水量为5 000 m3/d。设计运行条件下,臭氧曝气生物滤池最佳臭氧投加量为20-30mg/L,预处理系统出水COD<40 mg/L、BOD<10 mg/L、SS<10 mg/L、色度<4倍;反渗透产水可作为染整工艺用水,膜滤浓缩液可达标排放。工程实践证明,该联合工艺可实现对纺织印染废水的深度处理与高质回用,并解决了膜滤浓缩液的处理难题,具有推广应用价值。     

SBR降解处理高浓度工业油脂加工废水的微生物学分析

小试研究了采用规模为12L的间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)生物反应器处理高浓度工业油脂废水,并分析了油脂废水降解过程中污泥体积指数、容积负荷、污泥负荷等的微生物学特性变化。研究结果表明:该反应器在水力停留时间(HRT)为10h,控制适当污泥浓度时,出水稳定,水质良好,COD<100mg/L、油脂<30mg/L、SS<100mg/L,且无色、无味,符合油脂行业颁布的废水水质标准。     

生物接触氧化技术在生活小区污水处理中的应用

利用悬挂式软性纤维填料制备了生物接触氧化塔,并对生活小区污水进行处理,三个月的试验结果,表明:在HRT=3h的条件下,当原水COD在300～400mg/L,氨氮在30～80mg/L范围时,出水氨氮<1mg/L、COD<50mg/L、SS<15mg/L,此时,系统硝化负荷最高达0.50kg/(m3·d)有机负荷最高达3.2kg/(m3·d)。由实验结果得出,HRT为1.5h,在有机负荷2kg/(m3·d)时,水力负荷是影响硝化的关键因素。     

水解+A/O+混凝沉淀处理丙烯腈-腈纶废水

采用水解+A/O+混凝沉淀工艺对丙烯腈-腈纶生产废水进行处理,进水COD<850mg/L,水解停留时间>15h,A/O停留时间65h时,生物处理出水COD<150mg/L,NH3-N<10mg/L;SCN-<0.5 mg/L;经混凝沉淀处理后COD<100mg/L,吨水药剂费用<2.4元.     

物化-两段生物接触氧化串联工艺处理涂料废水

采用物化-两段生物接触氧化法处理涂料废水,结果表明:当设计水质CODcr≤4000mg／L,BOD5≤1500my/L,SS≤1800mg/L时,出水水质CODcr<90mg／L,BOD5<20mg／L,SS<60mg/L,达到《水污染排放限值》(DB44/26-2001)一级排放标准要求;处理出水再经活性炭及工业循环冷却水处理器处理,可达到工业循环冷却水设计规范(GB／T50102-2003)要求。     

物化+生化+活性炭吸附组合工艺处理造纸废水

由于造纸行业用水量大,而造纸企业的水资源利用率低,对日益缺乏的水资源造成了严重威胁。同时造纸行业是污染水环境的主要行业,污染负荷重,治理困难,给生态环境造成了严重的破坏,所以经济高效的处理工艺对企业具有十分重要的意义。现以沈阳某造纸公司处理造纸废水工程为例,介绍了物化+生化+活性炭吸附组合工艺处理造纸排放废水的运行效果及工艺参数。运行结果表明:物化+生化+活性炭吸附组合工艺对造纸废水具有理想的处理效果,能够去除废水中的主要污染物COD、BOD5、SS,可使出水中COD<80 mg/L、BOD5<20 mg/L、SS<30 mg/L,各项指标均达到设计要求,出水水质稳定,且满足《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》GB 3544—2008的要求。     

锦纶-6生产废水治理及综合利用

锦纶 -6生产废水中的精馏清洗废水先经絮凝分离 ,综合废水经上流式厌氧污泥床 +接触氧化工艺处理 ,出水COD<150mg/L ,本文结合工程实例 ,介绍了锦纶 -6生产废水的综合利用及治理技术。采用絮凝法单独处理COD为300000mg/L的高浓度废水回收利用 :采用厌氧 -好氧工艺处理综合废水 ,出水可达标排放     

活性污泥膜分离技术在畜禽废水处理中的应用

畜禽废水有机物和氨氮浓度高,采用活性污泥膜分离技术处理畜禽废水,在进水CODCr6783～8202mg/L,BOD54260mg/L,SS6960mg/L,NH3-N392～483mg/L的条件下,出水CODCr<100mg/L,BOD5<20mg/L,SS<70mg/L,NH3-N<15mg/L。     

鼓泡塔生物反应器处理化肥工业含氨废水的实验研究

化肥工业废水成分复杂 ,COD及 NH3 - N浓度高 ,处理上有一定的难度。试验采用活性污泥法 ,研究了利用优势菌种 ,结合鼓泡塔生物反应器对化肥工业含氨废水 (NH3 - N<45 0 mg/ L,COD<10 0 0 mg/ L)进行生物硝化处理 ,试验结果表明 :当温度为 30℃ ,p H值为 8,通气量为 0 .15 m3 / h,固含率为 2 .5 g/ L,水力停留时间为 8h时 ,该废水经过处理 ,最终出水 NH3 - N<5 mg/ L,COD<5 0 mg/ L,远低于国家化肥行业废水排放一级标准     

催化氧化耦合高效生化工艺深度处理石化废水

采用臭氧催化氧化耦合特定菌高效生化工艺(HENT)对某企业石化废水二级生化出水进行深度处理,主要去除COD和氨氮。废水经该工艺处理后,出水水质稳定,COD<120 mg/L,去除率平均为78%;出水氨氮<1 mg/L,去除率接近100%。试验结果表明,臭氧催化氧化耦合高效生化工艺可满足石化废水二级生化出水的深度处理要求。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。