提高湿法纺国产喷丝头质量浅见

对腈纶自制喷丝头存在的问题进行了系统分析并提出了相应的改进措施，为其它规格的喷丝头（板）实现自制、国产化提供了依据。还对自制喷丝头的经济效益进行了分析。     

静电纺丝喷丝头的设计进展

静电纺丝喷丝头的设计是影响纳米纤维形貌和纺丝效率的关键因素.分别按喷丝头结构和喷丝头数量对静电纺丝喷丝头进行了分类,详细介绍了不同类型喷丝头的设计特点,为静电纺丝喷丝头的设计提供了探索方向.     

8098单片机应用系统的抗干扰设计

本文从硬件和软件两方面介绍了8098单片机应用系统的抗干扰设计，给出了多种易实现、高可靠性的抗干扰措施。     

智能仪表中96单片机的应用技术

本文介绍了在智能仪表设计中，如何充分利用９６系列单片微机自身的硬件资源实现１２位以上高精度Ａ／Ｄ转换、１０位以上高精度Ｄ／Ａ转换和高精度Ｖ／Ｉ转换的接口技术。同时介绍了利用软定时器实现ＬＥＤ定时动态扫描显示方法。     

气动机械手的研制及应用

本文介绍了气动机械手的结构及其在电焊条生产线的应用，分析了工作原理。供同类设备的开发研究提供参考。     

单片机应用中的软件抗干扰技术

软件抗干技术能使计算机应用系统结构简单、成本降低、性能提高，因而受到人们的重视，本文介绍了输入信号干扰、输出信号干扰、及程序抗干扰技术，对数字滤波、重复输出、指令沉余、软件陷井及软件看门狗等常用技术进行系统的论述和分析，可供计算机系统抗干扰设计者的参考。     

单片机潮汐预报器

近百年来,各国均以手册形式提供港口潮汐数据.如英版潮汐表Admiraly Tide Tables,每年出版一次,预报239个港口次年每日两次涨潮和两次落潮的潮时和潮高.因篇幅太大,分三册装订,重量三公斤.现在,世界上的港口已有数千,不难想象,把这些港口的潮汐表放在一起会堆成一座小山,查阅不会方便.而且,每日涨、落潮间各时刻的潮高还需用户自己去推算,很麻烦.为此,我们研制了单片机潮汐预报器.设计目标是:(1)外形尺寸.便携式像袖珍计算器;座式像台历;(2)重量不足1kg,价格几百元;(3)预报不受年份限制,可长期使用;(4)不仅能预报每天涨、落潮的潮时和潮高,还能预报任一天     

云制造应用研究

对云制造的核心理念进行了阐述,分析了云制造在面向集团企业、区域性加工制造、中小企业服务和制造服务支持平台等方面的应用,提出了从易到难、继承与创新并举的云制造应用模式。     

基于ASP模式网络化制造的研究与应用

介绍了基于ASP的网络化制造平台，通过与传统的企业信息化和网络化制造的对比，分析了基于ASP模式的网络化制造的特点，并提出了ASP服务必须解决的关键问题，为企业实施网络化制造提供了参考。     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.     

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ACTIVE ACTUATOR TO CONTROL LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF SHAFT SYSTEM

Aiming at providing with high-load capability in active vibration control of large-scale rotor system, a new type of active actuator to simultaneously reduce the dangers of low frequency flexural and torsional vibrations is designed. The actuator employs electro-hydraulic system and can provide a high and circumferential load. To initialize new research, the characteristics of various kinds of active actuators to control rotor shaft vibration are briefly introduced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the preliminary results via presenting the structure, functions and operating principles, in particular, the working process of the electro-hydraulic system of the new actuator which includes a set of high speed electromagnetic valves and a series of sloping cone-shaped openings, and presenting the transmission relationships among the control parameters from control signals into the valves to active load onto shaft. The course of the work is dynamic, and a series of spatial forces and moments are put on the shaft to get an external resultant force to reduce excitations that induce vibration of shafts. By checking states of vibration, the actuator can control the impulse width and the interval of injection time for applying different control force to a vibration shaft in two circumference directions through the regulating action of a set of combination directional control valves. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show evidence of that this design can satisfy the case of active process of decreasing of flexural and torsional vibrations.     

Effects of prebuckling deformations on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of laterally fixed arches

The effect of the prebuckling in-plane deformations on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of laterally fixed circular arches is studied in this paper. The finite strains and the energy equation for the flexural-torsional buckling of arches have been derived based on an accurate orthogonal rotation matrix. A closed form solution for the elastic flexural-torsional buckling resistance of laterally fixed arches in uniform bending, including the effects of the prebuckling deformations, is obtained. It is found that the notion that the prebuckling deformations increase the flexural-torsional buckling moment of an arch or of a beam is not necessarily correct for a laterally fixed arch or beam in uniform bending, in deference to a laterally pinned arch. When a laterally fixed arch is subjected to positive uniform bending, the effects of the prebuckling deformations decrease the buckling moment, and the reduction of the buckling moment increases with an increase of the included angle and of the out-of-plane slenderness ratio of the arch. When a laterally fixed arch is subjected to negative uniform bending, the effects of the prebuckling deformations decrease the absolute value of its buckling moment when the included angle is very small, but increase the absolute value of the buckling moment when the included angle exceeds a certain value. The increase in the absolute value of the buckling moment increases with an increase of the included angle and of the out-of-plane slenderness ratio of the arch. When the ratio of the out-of-plane to the in-plane second moments of area of the cross-section is not small, both the reduction of the buckling moment of a laterally fixed arch in positive uniform bending and the increase of the buckling moment of a laterally fixed arch in negative uniform bending, are substantial.     

Imaging applications of synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast microtomography in biological morphology and biomaterials science. I. General aspects of the technique and its advantages in the analysis of millimetre-sized arthropod structure

Synchrotron‐generated X‐rays provide scientists with a multitude of investigative techniques well suited for the analysis of the composition and structure of all types of materials and specimens. Here, we describe the properties of synchrotron‐generated X‐rays and the advantages that they provide for qualitative morphological research of millimetre‐sized biological organisms and biomaterials. Case studies of the anatomy of insect heads, of whole microarthropods and of the three‐dimensional reconstruction of the cuticular tendons of jumping beetles, all performed at the beamline ID19 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), are presented to illustrate the techniques of phase‐contrast tomography available for anatomical and structural investigations. Various sample preparation techniques are described and compared and experimental settings that we have found to be particularly successful are given. On comparing the strengths and weaknesses of the technique with traditional histological thin sectioning, we conclude that synchrotron radiation microtomography has a great potential in biological microanatomy.     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

A method for TEM visualization of the extracellular matrix three-dimensional organization in tissues

A method for obtaining high-resolution three-dimensional images of the extracellular matrix organization in tissues is described. It consists of TEM observation of rotary-shadowed platinum–carbon replicas obtained from critical-point dried resinless sections of polyethylene glycol-embedded specimens. The procedure is simple and rapid, with high rates of sample recovery. An example of its application to EM immunocytochemistry (fibronectin localization) is presented. The utilization of the method to demonstrate cell-extracellular matrix relationships, and its limitations in the study of cells are discussed.     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.     

车门静态强度的有限元分析模拟

轿车门系统结构设计与优化是整车开发过程中的重要环节。车门的强度直接关系到整车在冲击、碰撞等载荷下的安全问题,车门结构静态强度的计算分析,在车门结构设计进程中非常重要。文中首先简要介绍了静态强度所涉及到的非线性有限元的基本理论,然后以某中高级轿车前车门为例,利用计算机辅助分析车门的静态强度,考虑变形的非线性因素,通过对车门的非线性有限元求解来分析车门强度,由计算所得到的车门强度性能指标来指导车门的结构设计。     

INFLUENCE OF ROLL DIAMETERS ON DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING TAPE

During plastic process,the material flow is strongly influenced by the contact area between deformed workpiece and die.In rolling process,difference of roll diameter makes the contact area between roll and deformed tape different,which leads to different material flow and the distribution of powder density.A numerical modelling of the first rolling process for 61-filament high temperature superconducting tape is constructed and the influences of roll diameters on deformation behavior of the tape are discussed.It can be found that the BiSrCaCuO(BSCCO)powder in the center of the tape has higher relative density than those in the periphery of the tape during rolling process.With the increase of roll diameter,the length of the contact arc in the roll gap expands which lead to the in- creasing of transversal strain and the decreasing of the related longitudinal strain.It makes the value of longitudinal strain ratio decrease gradually,which decreases the possibility of occurrence of the transversal shear band,simultaneously it increases the risk of occurrence of longitudinal crack.     

Blind deconvolution of 3D transmitted light brightfield micrographs

The blind deconvolution algorithm for 3D transmitted light brightfield (TLB) microscopy, published previously ( Holmes et al . Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy (1995), is summarized with example images. The main emphasis of this paper is to discuss more thoroughly the importance and usefulness of this method and to provide more detailed evidence, some being quantitative, of its necessity. Samples of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-stained pyramidal neurones were prepared and evaluated for the ability to see fine structures clearly, including the dendrites and spines. It is demonstrated that the appearance of fine spine structure, and means of identifying spine categories, is made possible by using blind deconvolution. A comparison of images of the same sample from reflected light confocal microscopy, which is the conventional light microscopic way of viewing the 3D structure of these HRP-stained samples, shows that the blind deconvolution method is far superior for clearly showing the structure with less distortion and better resolution of the spines. The main significance of this research is that it is now possible to obtain clear images of 3D structure by light microscopy of absorbing stains. This is important because the TLB microscope is probably the most widely used modality in the life-science laboratory, yet, until now, there has been no reliable means for it to provide visualization of 3D structure clearly. The main importance of the blind deconvolution approach is that it obviates the need to measure the point spread function of the optical system, so that it now becomes realistic to provide a 3D light microscopic deconvolution method that can be pervasively used by microscopists.