生物医用材料脂肪族聚酯的改性和应用研究

生物医用材料脂肪族聚酯具有优良的生物相容性、可再生性、可吸收性以及生物可降解性等特点,在医疗、医药、组织工程以及医学检测等领域受到了广泛的关注。通过接枝改性等方法引入具有一定特殊性能的功能基团或改变聚合物的形状,可以改善脂肪族聚酯的性能,获得更加广泛的用途。简述了脂肪族聚酯及其特性,对其改性方法进行了论述,对其实际应用进行了简要介绍,最后对脂肪族聚酯的应用前景及发展趋势进行了展望。     

聚酯共混改性聚碳酸酯研究进展

综述近年来国内外聚酯共混改性聚碳酸酯的研究进展，分类介绍聚碳酸酯／半芳香族聚酯、聚碳酸酯／脂肪族或脂环族聚酯及聚碳酸酯／液晶聚酯等各共混体系，讨论了各体系的相行为、相容性、力学性能及光学性能等。而脂肪族或脂肪族聚酯共混改性聚碳酸酯是提高其综合性能的一条好途径。     

低熔点聚酯的合成与性能的研究

本文通过在PET链中引入芳香族间位酸和脂肪族二元醇(柔性链节)合成了共聚酯,并对其转变温度、结晶度以及热失重进行了研究。结果表明,芳香族间苯二甲酸和脂肪族二元醇的引入破坏了PET完善的结晶结构,从而导致共聚酯的熔点降低。而且熔点下降程度与改性组分添加量呈良好的线性关系。     

酸性染料可染改性聚酯的制备及其性能

尝试了分别用己内酰胺和尼龙6改性聚酯(PET)的酸性染料可染性,结果发现:己内酰胺对提高聚酯的酸性染料可染性效果不大,而尼龙6经脂肪族酸加热酸解后再与BHET缩聚,得到的聚酯在弱酸性染浴中具有较好的上染率。进一步通过红外光谱、DSC、WXRD和特性黏度测试,分析了尼龙6改性聚酯的结构和性能,结果表明:PET大分子链上引入了端胺基和少量的酰胺基,为酸性染料上染PET提供了染座。随着尼龙含量的增加,上染率提高,但聚酯的性能下降。另外,还对改性聚酯的缩聚过程作了最佳工艺探讨。     

PBS及其共聚酯生物降解性能的研究进展

综述了PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)、PBS基脂肪族共聚酯,PBS基芳香族共聚酯的结构和生物降解性能,并分别总结了它们的结构和生物降解性能之间的关系.PBS基脂肪族共聚酯分为线型PBS基脂肪族共聚酯和枝状PBS基脂肪族共聚酯,分别对它们进行了介绍.得出了PBS及其共聚酯的结构、分子量、聚酯形态、熔点、结晶度等与共聚酯的生物降解性之间的关系.     

脂肪族聚酯可降解材料的研究进展

综述了脂肪族聚酯的合成方式,介绍了脂肪族聚酯的亲水改性和共聚改性,并对脂肪族聚酯的发展方向进行了展望。     

合成革用有机硅改性脂肪族聚氨酯树脂的合成及应用

采用聚酯多元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚改性聚硅氧烷(PO-PDMS)等为主要原料合成了有机硅改性脂肪族聚氨酯树脂.考察了不同有机硅含量对聚合物状态、力学性能、耐水性和耐黄变性能的影响,以及有机硅改性脂肪族聚氨酯树脂在合成革上的应用性能.结果表明,相对于物理共混,将PO-PDMS与聚氨酯共聚可有效提高有机硅...     

聚氨酯改性不饱和聚酯的徽观结构与性能

利用与天然纤维具有良好亲和性的聚酯聚氨酯(PU)改性不饱和聚酯(UP),通过扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、接触角和力学性能等,研究了改性不饱和聚酯的微观结构、反应程度和主要性能.研究结果表明,引入PU提高了不饱和聚酯树脂的韧性,增加了与天然纤维的界面浸润性,降低了不饱和聚酯树脂的固化收缩率.所得改性不饱和聚酯的冲击断裂截面表现为韧性断裂;与天然纤维的接触角随着聚氨酯添加量的增加而降低,表明改性不饱和聚酯与天然纤维的浸润性增强.力学性能测试表明,当PU含量为5%时,其冲击强度可提高80%,弯曲模量降低小于20%,固化收缩率低于4%.     

以反丁烯二酸合成的不饱和脂肪族聚酯的生物降解性研究

以反丁烯二酸、一缩二乙二醇和1,4-丁二醇为原料,采用熔融缩聚法合成了不饱和脂肪族聚酯和共聚酯,在37℃下,用含有脂肪酶的磷酸缓冲溶液对聚酯的生物降解性进行了研究,讨论了聚酯结构、组成及C=C双键的交联度对生物降解性的影响。结果表明,对于粘稠液体状的聚酯,C=C双键的引入,没有明显的改变其生物降解性;对于固体状的聚酯,C=C双键引入后,熔点(Tm)和结晶度增加;聚酯部分降解后,其热力学性能(Tm、-ΔHm)和结晶度都升高;对于交联后的聚酯,交联度越高,生物降解性越差。     

端基对脂肪族超支化聚酯性能的影响

用十八酸对端羟基脂肪族超支化聚酯进行改性,采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析(TG)、旋转流变仪研究了不同端基对超支化聚酯的玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性和流变性能的影响.结果表明,端基对超支化聚合物的玻璃化转变和结晶有显著影响,通过端基长链烷烃链段的有序排列可以显著提高超支化聚合物的结晶性能;端羟基超支化聚酯的热分解...     

Syntheses of high molecular weight aliphatic polyesters in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids

High molecular weight aliphatic polyesters were synthesized, for the first time, in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids via two-step polycondensation. An oligoester with diol/diacid ratio higher than unity was essential for achieving high molecular weight product. Moreover, the molecular weight of the resulting polyesters was found to depend on the activity of the catalyst in the ionic liquids and the miscibility of aliphatic polyester/ionic liquid. The former factor was dominated by the anion of the ionic liquids. The latter factor could readily be tuned by varying the anion and/or the cation of the ionic liquids. A clear correlation was found between the miscibility of aliphatic polyester/ionic liquid and the extent to which their solubility parameters matched.     

不饱和脂肪族聚酯生物降解性的研究

以1，4-反丁烯二酸和一缩二乙二醇（DEG）为原料，采用缩聚法合成端羟基不饱和聚酯，并采用红外光谱分析（FT—IR）、羟值、酸值、黏度等对所得聚合物进行表征，确认了其分子结构．对其降解性进行研究，并且与1，4-丁二酸与一缩二乙二醇合成的饱和脂肪族聚酯进行了对比。研究结果表明，不饱和脂肪族聚酯和饱和脂肪族聚酯的生物降解性差别不大，也就是双键的引入对其生物降解性没有大的影响；但是不饱和脂肪族聚酯膜经过高温处理后，双键会打开发生交联，而交联后的不饱和脂肪族聚酯的生物降解性变差，而且交联度越高，生物降解性越差。     

Preparation of an acrylics‐grafted polyester and its aqueous dispersion

An investigation was undertaken to develop a new class of water‐borne polyesters having excellent dispersibility without using emulsifiers. Grafting reactions of hydrophilic acrylics to polyesters and the relationships between reaction conditions and the dispersion diameters are discussed. Aqueous dispersions of particles having small diameters were obtained by use of an unsaturated polyester. Particle diameters were related to the grafting efficiency that could be enhanced by copolymerization of reactive monomers with the unsaturated bonds of polyesters. The relationships between particle diameters and the kind of acrylic monomers were described by the copolymerization reactivity ratio of the unsaturated polyester and acrylic monomers. Also, the influences of the solvency of the reaction medium and the influence of concentration of unsaturated bonds of the polyesters in the reaction medium were discussed to explain the low reactivity between the unsaturated bonds and acrylic monomers. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1817–1825, 1999     

缩聚法合成生物可降解聚酯研究进展

本文从分子设计的角度,综述了缩聚法合成生物可降解聚酯的研究进展,涉及脂肪族聚酯和含有芳香组分聚酯的合成。其中,对脂肪族聚酯 聚乳酸的缩聚合成,以及可再生资源用于聚酯的合成进行了重点介绍。同时也对一些合成聚酯的生物降解性能与结构的关系进行了讨论。     

脂肪族聚酯的合成与结晶性能

以脂肪族二醇和二羧酸或二羧酸二甲酯为原料合成出了系列脂肪族聚酯，采用差热分析的方法研究了其结晶性能，探讨了将脂肪族聚酯用于研制蓄热调温纤维的可能性.     

内酯和环氧烷烃共聚合成聚酯-聚醚共聚物的研究进展

脂肪族聚酯作为一种高性能、多用途的生物可降解材料,被认为是具有吸引力的石油基聚合物替代品之一。现有的脂肪族聚酯存在的结构单一、亲水性差以及脆性较强等缺点,限制了其在医药卫生等领域的应用。因此,高效地实现聚酯的改性具有重要的理论研究意义和实际应用价值。其中,将醚类官能团与酯链段相结合得到聚醚-聚酯共聚物是提高聚酯性能的一类行之有效的改性方法。本文综述了内酯和环氧烷烃共聚合成聚酯-聚醚共聚物的研究进展。以共聚物的主链序列分类,分别介绍了嵌段、无规以及交替共聚物的合成方法以及相应聚合物的性质和性能。     

Mechanical and thermal properties of UV cured mixtures of linear and hyperbranched urethane acrylates

The properties of urethane acrylate resin mixtures based on the linear and hyperbranched aliphatic polyesters were examined. Linear polyester was synthesized from neopentil glycol and adipic acid. Hyperbranched polyester of the third generation was synthesized from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid and di-trimethylol propane. The modification of 60% of hyperbranched aliphatic polyester OH end groups was carried out with isononanoic acid or with soybean fatty acids. Two hyperbranched urethane acrylates, with the same degree of acrylation, and one linear urethane acrylate were obtained by reaction of appropriate polyester and isophorone diisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. The influence of added amount of HUA and nature of non-acrylic end groups on the rheological, mechanical and thermal properties of the uncured and UV cured mixtures diluted with 20 wt.% hexanediol diacrylate was examined. The nature of non-acrylic end groups have great effect on the interaction between linear and hyperbranched urethane acrylates, which further has a crucial influence on the examined properties of uncured and UV cured mixture samples.     

Fiber formation and properties of polyester/lignin blends

Thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters with varied chemical structure are synthesized by melt transesterification polycondensation. They are employed as matrix for blends with lignin materials to obtain melt-spinnable precursors for carbon fibers. The lignin samples are carefully purified by fractionation, enzymatic removal of reducing sugars, and subsequent modification of the terminal OH groups. Effective melt blending is achieved with liquid-crystalline aromatic–aliphatic polyesters having melting ranges that match the softening temperature of the lignin fractions, which is necessary to prevent thermal decomposition of the lignin. Polyester/lignin blends are partially compatibilized, phase-separated materials. The polyester/lignin materials are melt-spun successfully. The fiber properties depend on the lignin purification process. X-ray scattering reveals that orientation in lignin-containing fibers is maintained. First experiments show that the fibers can be converted successfully to carbon fibers by thermal annealing procedures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48257.