低热导率磷酸锆结合氮化硅多孔陶瓷的制备（英文）

采用无压烧结工艺制备Zr P2O7结合Si3N4多孔陶瓷,研究了孔隙率对材料抗弯强度和热导率的影响。结果表明:当孔隙率为20%~43%时,热导率为0.4~1.9 W/(m·K);当孔隙率为20%时,热导率下降至1.9 W/(m·K),但力学性能并没有明显降低。当Effective Medium Theory模型的比例系数为0.3、Maxwell-Eucken 2模型的比例系数为0.7时,计算所得热导率与实验结果相符。     

PDMS/SCF导热复合材料制备工艺对导热性能的影响

采用SCFNA法(即空间限域强制组装法),制备碳纤维质量分数为30%的PDMS/SCF复合材料,并探究了在制备PDMS/SCF导热复合材料过程中,基体与填料混合工艺以及压印过程中的温度对复合材料制品导热性能的影响。研究结果表明,在复合材料制品厚度不变的前提下,当混合转速为2 000 r/min时,随着混合时间由10 min缩短至2 min,复合材料制品的热导率由10.314 W/(m·K)提高至11.188 W/(m·K),提高了8.474%。当混合时间为3 min时,随着混合转速从2 500 r/min降低至1 500 r/min,复合材料制品的热导率由10.140 W/(m·K)提高至10.963 W/(m·K),提高了8.116%。对比不同压印温度对复合材料制品热导率的影响发现,当压印温度在120℃附近时,复合材料制品的导热性能最佳,热导率为11.188 W/(m·K)。控制混合转速、混合时间和压印温度这3个工艺条件能够有效地提高复合材料制品的导热性能。     

PBT/CF导热复合材料的制备与研究

为了提高聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)的热导率,采用碳纤维(CF)作为导热填料,制备了PBT/CF复合材料,并研究了复合材料的热导率和力学性能等。结果表明,CF的加入能够显著提高PBT/CF复合材料的热导率,且热导率具有方向性,PBT/CF复合材料层内方向的热导率高于层间方向的热导率;当CF用量为50份时,PBT/CF复合材料的层内热导率和层间热导率分别为1.034 W/(m·K)和0.635 W/(m·K),相比于纯PBT的0.237 W/(m·K),分别提高了336%和168%;随CF用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度呈现先上升后降低的趋势,当CF用量为20份时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值,为91.5 MPa,断裂伸长率逐渐降低;Lewis-Nielsen模型对PBT/CF复合材料热导率的模拟效果较好,可以预测不同CF用量时复合材料的热导率。     

纤维/气凝胶泡沫混凝土的制备与性能研究

气凝胶因具有低导热系数、高孔隙率、轻质等优异特性而备受关注,同时还具有高疏水性及良好的吸声和减震功能.实验以气凝胶为填充材料,玻璃纤维丝为增强体,制备了一种新型超轻质纤维/气凝胶泡沫混凝土.结果 表明:玻璃纤维的掺入促进了泡沫混凝土的成型,在超轻泡沫混凝土制备过程中起到至关重要的作用.当纤维含量为0.9％时,导热系数为0.058 W/(m·K),其密度为205 kg/m3,远低于普通泡沫混凝土的导热系数(0.08～0.25 W/(m· K))与密度(300～1600 kg/m3).抗压强度为0.32 MPa,符合泡沫混凝土标准JG/T 266-2011中A03级抗压强度的要求.     

无机填料粒子的几何特征对环氧树脂灌封胶导热性能的影响

以Al2O3、Si3N4、BN、SiO2和AlN五种无机填料作为环氧树脂(EP)灌封胶的导热填料,研究了填料的种类、粒径大小和颗粒形态等对EP灌封胶热导率的影响。结果表明:EP灌封胶的热导率随着导热填料用量的增加而增大;当φ(BN)=35%(相对于总体积而言)时,相对最大热导率为2.12 W/(m·K),其值约为EP基体的10倍。填料粒子的几何特征对EP灌封胶的导热性能具有较大的影响;当Al2O3粒径为48μm时,EP灌封胶的相对最大热导率为1.3 W/(m·K);填料粒子过大或过小都会降低EP灌封胶的导热性能。层片状填料粒子可以获得较大的堆积密度,在EP灌封胶中能有效形成导热通道,增加其热导率。     

LED散热铝基板用导热介质材料的制备与性能研究

通过浇注工艺制备环氧树脂(EP)/Si3N4复合材料,研究Si3N4含量对复合材料的热学和力学性能的影响.结果表明,复合材料的热导率和升温速率随Si3N4含量的增加而增大,当Si3N4体积分数为25％时,热导率达到0.511W/(m·K),平均线性热膨胀系数随Si3N4含量的增加不断下降,在Si3N4体积分数为25％时...     

保温对地热单井换热性能的影响分析

建立了单井地热传热数学模型,模拟了单井地热流动换热过程,比较分析了不同保温材料及保温深度对采出水温度和取热功率的影响。结果表明：保温材料热导率和保温深度对系统取热功率有很大影响。当保温材料热导率为0.03 W/( m·K)和0.5 W/( m·K)时,平均取热功率分别 为732.08 kW和640.98 kW;采用热导率为0.03 W/( m·K)的保温材料,保温深度1000 m时流体进出口温差为10.33 K,保温深度为2000 m时流体进出口温差为15.98 K,保温深度为3000 m 时流体进出口温差为17.93 K。实际工程中,可以采用各种材料组合安装的形式对采出井进行保温,保温重点为井深较小处,这样既能保证采出水温,又能节约成本。     

保温对地热单井换热性能的影响分析

建立了单井地热传热数学模型,模拟了单井地热流动换热过程,比较分析了不同保温材料及保温深度对采出水温度和取热功率的影响。结果表明:保温材料热导率和保温深度对系统取热功率有很大影响。当保温材料热导率为0.03 W/(m·K)和0.5 W/(m·K)时,平均取热功率分别为732.08 kW和640.98 kW;采用热导率为0.03 W/(m·K)的保温材料,保温深度1000 m时流体进出口温差为10.33 K,保温深度为2000 m时流体进出口温差为15.98 K,保温深度为3000 m时流体进出口温差为17.93 K。实际工程中,可以采用各种材料组合安装的形式对采出井进行保温,保温重点为井深较小处,这样既能保证采出水温,又能节约成本。     

(Y1-xLax)2O3透明陶瓷的制备及性能

采用传统陶瓷生产工艺制备了(Y1-xLax)2O3(x=0～0.125)透明陶瓷.研究了陶瓷的显微结构、硬度、透光性及热导率.结果表明:La2O3可以有效促进陶瓷烧结,抑制晶粒长大.La2O3添加后,陶瓷硬度由786MPa提高到878MPa,陶瓷热导率明显降低,由16.92W/(m·K)降为5.68W/(m·K).制备...     

导热PE-LD复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)为基体材料,石墨、Al N为导热填充材料,通过双辊混炼、模压制备了导热复合材料,并对该复合材料的导热性能、力学性能、热行为进行了分析。结果表明,随着石墨或Al N含量的增加,PE-LD/石墨复合材料和PE-LD/Al N复合材料的热导率逐渐增大;PE-LD/石墨复合材料的热导率高于PE-LD/Al N复合材料的热导率。当石墨与Al N的总质量分数为50%、石墨与Al N的质量比为4∶1时,PE-LD/石墨/Al N复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度均达到最大值,分别为12.8,17.15 MPa;此时PE-LD/石墨/Al N复合材料的热导率达到最大值,为0.618 W/(m·K),略低于添加质量分数50%的石墨时的PE-LD/石墨复合材料的热导率[0.634 W/(m·K)];当石墨与Al N质量比为1∶4时,PE-LD/石墨/Al N复合材料的热导率为0.488 W/(m·K),高于只添加质量分数50%Al N的PE-LD/Al N复合材料的热导率[0.410 W/(m·K)]。当石墨和Al N总质量分数为50%时,随着Al N含量的增加,PE-LD的结晶度增大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。