TiB2／SiCw复合材料增韧机理的微观分析

在ＴｉＢ２／ＳｉＣｗ基体中加入适量的ＳｉＣｗ可以明显地提高其断裂韧 性ＫＩＣ，其它机械性能也有不同程度的改善。ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ微观分析表明：在具有较高ＫＩＣ值的ＴｉＢ２／ＢｉＣｗ陶瓷复合材料中，ＳｉＣｗ与ＴｉＢ２晶粒之间有较适宜的界面结合，两相之间未发现有明显的界面化学反应用，当该复合材料发生断裂时，其内部出现晶须拔出，裂纹桥连，裂纹偏转三种增韧机制。     

SiC_p－AlN复合材料力学性能及增韧机理研究

本研究表明ＳｉＣ颗粒尺寸及含量对ＳｉＣ_ｐ－ＡｌＮ复合材料力学性能有较大影响。通过工艺因素的控制，ＳｉＣ_ｐ－ＡｌＮ复合材料的抗弯强度可达５６９ＭＰａ，断裂韧性可达５．１４ＭＰａ·ｍ~（１／２）。另外，对复合材料的显微结构进行了观察，并分析了其增韧机理。     

SiCp—AlN复合材料力学性能及增韧机理研究

本研究表明ＳｉＣ颗粒尺寸及含量对ＳｉＣｐ－ＡｌＮ复合材料力学性能有较大的影响，通过工艺因素的控制，ＳｉＣｐ－ＡｌＮ复合材料的抗弯强度可达５６９ＭＰａ，断裂韧性可达５．１４ＭＰａ．ｍ＾１／２，另外，对复合材料的显微结构进行了观察，并分析了其增韧机理。     

AlN／SiCw（Y2O3＋SiO2）复合材料热处理增强研究

研究了热处理对ＡｌＮ／ＳｉＣｗ（Ｙ２Ｏ３＋ＳｉＯ２）复合材料机械性能的影响。结果表明，该材料经热处理后的强度提高，当添加剂Ｙ２Ｏ３／ＳｉＯ２＝１／２．５摩尔比时，提高幅度最大。经ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ／ＥＤＡＸ和ＨＲＥＭ分析，热处理增强的机理主要是粒界玻璃相在高温氧化气氛中和ＡｌＮ颗粒表层作用，生成的纤维２Ｈ＾δＳｉａｌｏｎ相和ＳｉＣｗ形成空间交错结构。     

板状SiC增韧Al_2O_3的R－曲线行为

本工作用刻痕弯曲强度技术研究了板状ＳｉＣ增韧的热压Ａｌ２Ｏ３材料的Ｒ－曲线行为。随着裂纹的扩展，其断裂韧性显著地增加，最后趋向于平稳值约８．５ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２。这个结果与已报告过的纯Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＳｉＣ晶须增强Ａｌ２Ｏ３的断裂阻力进行了比较。     

SiC—Al2O3基复相陶瓷的N2—HIP研究

通过对热压ＳｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料进行了Ｎ２－ＨＩＰ后处理，制备得到Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＡｌＮ＝ＳｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３梯度材料，经Ｎ２－ＨＩＰ处理后，材料抗弯强度提高３５％－９５％，并得到经强度达１０３０ＭＰａ的ＳｉｅＮ４－ＡｌＮ／ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣＷ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料。     

热压烧结Cf/SiC复合材料的力学性能

以ＡｌＮ－Ｙ２Ｏ３为烧结助剂体系,采用先驱体转化－热压法制备出了Ｃｆ／ＳｉＣ复合材料。研究了烧结助剂及其用量和烧结温度对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,由于ＡｌＮ－ＳｉＣ的固溶和液相烧结的作用;烧结温度为１８５０℃时,烧结助剂用量较少的复合材料具有很好的断裂韧性。随着烧结助剂用量的增加,虽然复合材料的抗弯强度不断提高,但由于晶界相和ＡｌＮ－ＳｉＣ固溶体量的增加,使纤维与基体的结合过程,从而导致纤     

SiCw增韧Al2O3／TiB2陶瓷复合材料的研究

根据对晶须与基体材料的热胀失配的分析，计算得出了Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２／ＳｉＣｗ三元复合材料中ＳｉＣｗ的临界体积分数。采用ＴｉＢ２颗粒增韧和ＳｉＣｗ增韧两种途径来改善Ａｌ２Ｏ３的脆性，得到此复合材料的抗弯强度为７４０ＭＰａ，断裂韧性为７．７ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２。分析表明：当ＳｉＣｗ含量大于临界体积分数时，强度大幅降低的主要原因是由于致密度的降低和热残余拉应力的增大。     

SiO2-AlN复合材料的制备及其性能研究

热压烧结制备了ＳｉＯ２－ＡｌＮ复合材料,研究了第二相ＡｌＮ的引入量和热压温度对ＳｉＯ２－ＡｌＮ复合材料力学性能、介电性能和热学的影响,结果说明,第二相ＡｌＮ的引入有利于ＳｉＯ２基复合材料力学性能的提高;３０％（体积分数）ＡｌＮ－ＳｉＯ２复合材料于１４００℃下烧结后抗弯强度和断裂韧性２００ＭＰａ和２．９６ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２,ＸＲＤ分析证实直至１４００℃ＡｌＮＳｉＯ２间未发生反应,两者有良好的化学相容     

SiC晶须,晶板增韧AlN陶瓷的研究

本文利用现代测试技术对ＳｉＣｗ，ＳｉＣｐ增韧ＡｌＮ材料的力学性能，显微结构进行研究，并分析探讨了材料的增韧机理，结果表明；ＳｉＣｗ可有效改善材料的断裂韧性和断裂强度，其增韧机理主要为裂纹偏转和晶须拔出效应，ＳｉＣｐ加入的断裂韧性起到良好的促进作用，但对材料的断裂强度则有不良的作用，其增韧机理主要为裂纹偏转和分枝效应。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。