A2/O工艺影响因素的研究

通过对太原市北郊污水净化厂A2/O工艺和水质特征的简要介绍,分析了影响该厂A2/O工艺系统除磷脱氮效果的四个主要因素,并深入探讨了温度对系统脱氮效果的实质性影响.指出为了进一步提高脱氮效果,应适当提高污泥回流比,以便更好地提高A2/O工艺系统的运行效果.     

我国城镇污水处理厂脱氮除磷工艺的应用现状

介绍了我国水环境的氮磷污染现状和来源、国家控制水体氮磷污染的水环境标准、提高污水处理厂脱氮除磷能力的紧迫性以及相应污水处理工艺的应用和发展.脱氮除磷工艺如A/O工艺、A2/O 工艺、氧化沟工艺,SBR及其变型工艺(ICEAS、DAT-IAT、CASS)和UNITANK.工艺在我国都有应用.我国自主开发的倒置A2/O工艺,A-A2/O和改进AB工艺也有很好的发展前景.     

改良型A/O工艺强化脱氮的试验研究

针对城郊住宅小区生活污水氨氮含量偏高的特点,对传统A/O工艺进行改良,提出了缺氧—好氧—硝化(A/O/N)处理工艺。试验结果表明,该工艺处理生活污水时脱氮效果明显优于传统A/O工艺,总氮去除率高于85%。对A/O/N工艺系统中氮的迁移转化进行了分析,并探讨了其脱氮机理。     

A2/O工艺影响因素的研究

通过对太原市北郊污水净化厂A2 /O工艺和水质特征的简要介绍 ,分析了影响该厂A2 /O工艺系统除磷脱氮效果的四个主要因素 ,并深入探讨了温度对系统脱氮效果的实质性影响。指出为了进一步提高脱氮效果 ,应适当提高污泥回流比 ,以便更好地提高A2 /O工艺系统的运行效果。     

浅议城市污水生物脱氮技术的研究进展

文章阐述了废水生物脱氮的基本原理,介绍了A/O工艺、SBR、氧化沟等传统生物脱氮工艺及特点,并对生物脱氮新工艺及其特点进行综述,对这些技术工艺的应用前景进行了展望。     

三种两段缺氧A~3/O-MBR工艺脱氮除磷效率分析

以太湖流域3座采用两段缺氧的A3/O—MBR工艺的城市污水处理厂(城北污水处理厂、硕放污水处理厂及太湖国家度假区污水处理厂)为研究对象,介绍其工程概况和主要运行参数。通过对这3座污水处理厂运行效果的分析比较,初步研究其脱氮除磷效率。结果表明,各污水处理厂的氮磷去除效果均较好,出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中的一级A排放标准,增加后置缺氧段的A2/O/A—MBR工艺强化了脱氮除磷功能,去除效果明显优于其他2座污水处理厂。     

改良型A2/O工艺处理城市污水的中试研究

介绍了A2 /O脱氮除磷工艺的机理、特点及存在的问题 ,对A2 /O工艺进行了取消混合液回流的改良型试验研究。试验结果表明 ,取消混合液回流后 ,有机物和氮的去除效果同传统型的相当 ,而在同样条件下除磷效果较优。这表明将A2 /O工艺污泥回流系统和内循环系统合并为一个回流系统是可行的     

低碳源改良A~2/O工艺中预缺氧池低温下的运行探讨

基于污水处理厂进水碳源较低及冬季低温运行条件,选取脱氮效率、除磷影响等作为研究指标,采用构筑物监测和实验室模拟试验的方法,对低碳源改良A2/O工艺中的预缺氧池进行研究。结果表明,在合理的运行条件下,预缺氧池能保证低温下的脱氮除磷效率。     

高效脱氮除磷工艺(NPR)中试研究

NPR工艺是将A2/O和BAF工艺经改进后有机结合形成的一种新型的更为高效的生物脱氮除磷技术.通过中试规模的试验,研究了该工艺处理生活污水时的脱氮除磷效果.结果表明,该工艺成功地解决了好氧段硝化菌与聚磷菌对泥龄的不同需求、厌氧段反硝化释氧与聚磷菌释磷之间矛盾的难题;NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到92.6%、68.3%和82.4%,同时CODCr和SS去除率分别达到93.4%、95.8%,且运行效果稳定.     

短程硝化反硝化A/O膜反应器处理矿区废水的研究

利用短程硝化反硝化A/O膜反应器来处理煤矿矿区生活污水和生产废水的混合污水,主要研究短程工艺的实现和脱氮效果。最佳工艺条件为曝气池DO为1.8 mg/L时,亚硝酸盐氮得到充分积累并且总氮去除率达到91.8%。     

Application of reversed A2/O process on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater in China

The application of reversed A2/O process in practice in China is mainly discussed in this paper. As a new process on nitrogen and phosphorus removal, principle and technical features of reversed A2/O process are also summarized. The application in rebuilt wastewater treatment plant shows that reversed A2/O process not only has merits on high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, but also has merits on energy saving. The application in newly-build wastewater treatment plant shows that infrastructure and equipment investment of reversed A2/O process economized 15% and 10% respectively, compared to conventional A2/O process. The practical application shows that reversed A2/O process is a new nitrogen and phosphorus removal process, which is suitable for China's national conditions.     

曝气条件对侧流活性污泥水解工艺脱氮性能和微生物的影响

通过改变传统厌氧/缺氧/好氧（A²/O）反应器和侧流活性污泥水解（SSH）反应器的曝气强度和溶解氧（DO）浓度,考察了曝气条件对脱氮性能的影响,并对比研究了微生物群落结构的变化规律。结果表明：相较于高DO阶段,两组反应器在中低DO阶段有更好的脱氮效果。在相同进水条件下,SSH反应器的脱氮性能优于A²/O反应器,且出水满足一级A标准。高通量测序结果表明,中低DO浓度更有利于脱氮微生物的生长。相对于A²/O反应器,SSH反应器中反硝化微生物的相对丰度更高。因此,合理控制曝气条件维持中低DO浓度有利于SSH工艺达到良好的脱氮性能及脱氮微生物的生长。     

白洋淀湿地氮素转化和N2O排放特征研究

通过对华北地区最大的湖泊湿地白洋淀近1年的野外观测,对湿地上覆水、沉积物/土壤中各种形态氮以及反硝化作用产物N2O排放通量的时空变化进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,白洋淀湿地对氮素污染物铵态氮的去除能力较强,平均去除率为77.1%。湿地中氮素的迁移转化过程时空变化明显,夏季是其氮素转化的快速期。湿地是温室气体N2O的排放源,夏季其排放通量最大,占全年排放通量总和的62.1%。其中湖滨带是整个湿地生态系统中氮素转化的活跃区,N2O年内平均排放通量高达109μg·m-2·h-1。由此可见,良好的湖滨带有利于湖泊富营养化的自然恢复。     

作物生长与土壤水氮运移联合模拟的研究Ⅱ——模型验证与应用

在华北平原中国农业大学东北旺实验田开展了水肥耦合灌溉实验,设置了传统和优化水肥4个组合处理,同时应用作者提出的联合模拟模型SPWS对2000年夏玉米生育期内的土壤水分、氮素转化运移以及水氮限制条件下夏玉米的叶面积指数、干物重、吸氮量及籽粒产量进行了模拟,模拟结果与实测数据均吻合良好。水氮平衡分析结果表明,优化灌溉和优化施肥管理措施均能明显减小水分渗漏、硝酸盐淋失和氮素的气体损失,且均有不同程度的增产作用,其中优化水肥处理下水氮利用率分别为1.33kg/m3和31.6kg/kgN,为4个组合处理中最高。     

天然沸石与泥炭生物处理微污染水体实验研究

设计并构建天然沸石与泥炭生物滤池装置,实验考察其在微污染水体中脱氮除磷的性能,研究其形成生物膜系统后对污染物去除的机理及其效果。实验结果表明:泥炭吸附水溶液中的磷酸根能力提高,但会释放氨氮,致使天然沸石吸附水溶液中的氨氮能力下降;形成生物膜系统的天然沸石与泥炭可同步去除微污染水体的污染物,装置运行稳定后的CODcr、NH4+-N和TP去除率分别可达80%、95%和41%;通过生物作用可使天然沸石与泥炭再生,实现材料持续使用。     

In-situ characterization of microbial community in an A/O submerged membrane bioreactor with nitrogen removal.

The bacterial community involved in removing nitrogen from sewage and their preferred DO environment within an anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O MBR) was investigated. A continuously operated laboratory-scale A/O MBR was maintained for 360 d. At a sludge age of 150 d and a C/N ratio of 3.5, the system was capable of removing 88% of the influent nitrogen from raw wastewater through typical nitrogen removal transformations (i.e. aerobic ammonia oxidation and anoxic nitrate reduction). Characterization of the A/O MBR bacterial community was carried out using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. FISH results further showed that Nitrosospira spp. and Nitrospira spp. were the predominant groups of ammonia and nitrite oxidizing group, respectively. They constituted up to 11% and 6% of eubacteria at DO below 0.05 mg/l (low DO), respectively, and about 14% and 9% of eubacteria at DO between 2-5 mg/l (sufficient DO), respectively, indicating preference of nitrifiers for a higher DO environment. Generally low counts of the genus Paracoccus were detected while negative results were observed for Paracoccus denitrificans, Alcaligenes spp, and Pseudomonas stutzeri under the low and sufficient DO environments. The overall results indicate that Nitrosospira spp., Nitrospira spp. and members of Paracoccus spp. can be metabolically functional in nitrogen removal in the laboratory-scale A/O MBR system.     

农村污水生物泳动床处理技术研究

生物泳动床工艺是一种采用新型、高效生物填料的生物膜污水处理方法,是生物接触氧化工艺的改进。对农村污水具有很好的处理效果,通过试验发现填料挂膜速度快,一般只需1周左右的时间即可完成。生物填料膜没有集中脱落或闭塞现象、无需反冲洗。COD从250mg/L增到700mg/L,出水COD去除率仍然高达90%以上,出水平均氨氮小于5mg/L,出水平均TN小于20mg/L,TN去除率60%以上。通过调节运行参数和进水水质的试验研究,最终确定出生物泳动床高效低成本的工艺运行参数。     

Feasibility study on the removal of nitrous compounds with a hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor.

The objective of this study was to develop an integrated nitrogen treatment system using autotrophic organisms. A treatment system consists of an aerobic hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor (HfMBR) and anaerobic HfMBR. In the aerobic HfMBR, a mixture gas of air and O2 was supplied through the fibers for nitrification. Denitrification occurred in the anaerobic HfMBR using H2 as the electron donor. The treatment system was continuously operated for 190 days. NH4-N removal efficiencies ranging from 95% to 97% were achieved at NH4-N concentrations of influent ranging from 50 to 100 mg N/L. When glucose was added to the influent, the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred in the aerobic HfMBR, and nitrogen removal rates were changed according to the COD/NH4-N ratio of influent. In the anaerobic HfMBR, autotrophic denitrification using H2 occurred and the removal rates achieved in this study were 23-58 mg N/m2 d. In this study, the achieved removal efficiency was lower than other study findings; however, the result suggested that this hybrid HfMBR system can be used effectively for nitrogen removal in oligotrophic water.     

倒置A2/O—MBR工艺处理低C/N生活污水脱氮性能研究

合肥塘西河再生水厂采用倒置A/O(缺氧/厌氧/好氧—预缺氧)—MBR工艺处理低C/N城市生活污水.研究了投加碳源前后各生化反应池中有机物及氮元素的变化规律,结果表明未投加外碳源时TN的去除率为52.3％,脱氮效果不理想.通过比较乙酸钠、甲醇和乙酸三种不同外加碳源的脱氮效果,可知乙酸钠反硝化速率最高,效果最好.当乙酸钠作外碳源,投加量为50 mgCOD/L时,TN的去除率明显提高,达到74.5％.此外,还分析了投加外碳源后整个工艺系统内COD、TN物质流动情况,结果表明,缺氧池和厌氧池是COD去除的主要单元体,好氧池对COD的去除贡献增强,体系中的TN去除总量在投加外碳源后有了明显的增加,较未投加外碳源时增加了26.5％.     

Simultaneous domestic wastewater treatment and renewable energy production using microbial fuel cells (MFCs)

Microbial fuel cells (MFCS) can be used in wastewater treatment and to simultaneously produce electricity (renewable energy). MFC technology has already been applied successfully in lab-scale studies to treat domestic wastewater, focussing on organic matter removal and energy production. However, domestic wastewater also contains nitrogen that needs to be treated before being discharged. The goal of this paper is to assess simultaneous domestic wastewater treatment and energy production using an air-cathode MFC, paying special attention to nitrogen compound transformations. An air-cathode MFC was designed and run treating 1.39 L d(-1) of wastewater with an organic load rate of 7.2 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) (80% removal efficiency) and producing 1.42 W m(-3). In terms of nitrogen transformations, the study demonstrates that two different processes took place in the MFC: physical-chemical and biological. Nitrogen loss was observed increasing in line with the power produced. A low level of oxygen was present in the anodic compartment, and ammonium was oxidised to nitrite and nitrate.