ＣＴ导向肺癌穿刺标本表皮生长因子受体基因突变检测的应用价值

目的　　　评价应用ＣＴ导向肺癌穿刺活检标本检测表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）基因突变的价值。方法 ２１例穿刺前未接受肿瘤治疗，无其他肿瘤病史，临床诊断Ⅲ　～　Ⅳ期期肺癌病例。采用多排螺旋ＣＴ导向作病灶活检，所有标本均作病理学检查并采用ＰＣＲ法检测ＥＧＦＲ突变。结果　　　① ２１例中９例使用１８ Ｇ Ｃｈｉｂａ针，１２例用２０ Ｇ Ｃｈｉｂａ针。病理诊断为腺癌１２例、鳞癌３例、小细胞癌１例、未分化癌５例。② ２１例穿刺术后３例见针道少量渗血，无一例出现气胸。③ ２１例标本中，共检测到ＥＧＦＲ突变１０例（４７．６％）。１２例腺癌患者中８例检出ＥＧＦＲ突变，其他类型肿瘤２例突变；在１２例女性患者中有８例发现ＥＧＦＲ体突变，９例男性患者有２例突变。结论　　　活检标本中ＥＧＦＲ基因突变可为临床药物分子靶向治疗提供依据。     

对兔移植性肝脏肿瘤模型生存素表达调控的实验研究

目的探讨As ２ O ３ 在肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）中诱导恶性肿瘤细胞凋亡作用与生存素之间的相关性。方法将肝脏左、右叶分别移植VX２肿瘤模型的１６只日本大耳白兔,随机平均分成２组,移植瘤术后３周,经肝动脉插管分别给予超液化碘油（UFLP）１ml加As ２ O ３ ２mg（实验组）和UFLP１ml（对照组）。给药３周后,所有动物均处死,分别取得肿瘤组织、瘤旁组织和正常肝脏组织进行末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶－生物素dUTP切口末端标记法（TUNEL）染色观察凋亡肿瘤细胞,免疫组化染色检测生存素蛋白的表达。结果实验组肿瘤组织中有大量呈黄色的凋亡细胞,癌旁组织及正常组织中未观察到凋亡细胞;对照组肿瘤组织、癌旁组织及正常组织均未发现细胞核内有黄色颗粒的凋亡细胞。对照组肿瘤组织生存素蛋白表达率为１００％（１６／１６）,其中强阳性１２例,弱阳性４例,癌旁及正常组织中生存素蛋白表达率为０。实验组肿瘤组织生存素蛋白表达为３７．５％（６／１６）,其中强阳性２例,弱阳性４例,癌旁及正常组织中生存素蛋白表达率同样为０。两组肿瘤组织中生存素蛋白表达率差异有统计学意义（P＜０．０５）。同时,两组癌组织与癌旁和正常组织中生存素蛋白表达率差异有统计学意义（P＜０．０１）。结论As ２ O ３ 通过抑制肿瘤细胞内生存素蛋白表达促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

圆钢斜拉撑制造工艺探讨

采用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ法，对４０例原发性肝细胞癌及旁肝组织进行了铁蛋白测定。结果表明，癌组织中铁蛋白阳性率为５２．５％，而癌旁肝组织铁蛋白阳性率为９０．０％，两者比较有非常显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。说明原发性肝细胞癌病人血清铁蛋白升高，可能是癌组织本身产生并分泌入血循环所致。铁蛋白可能是原发性肝细胞癌的一种标志，但不具特异性。作者结合文献强调酸性同铁蛋白对原发性肝细胞癌的诊断价值。     

化疗栓塞对肝细胞癌MMP－２、TIMP－２表达的影响

目的探讨MMP－２、TIMP－２在肝细胞癌（HCC）中表达的意义及化疗栓塞对其表达的影响。方法４７例经手术病理证实的原发性肝细胞癌,其中２５例单纯手术切除,２２例经导管动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）后行Ⅱ期切除,用免疫组化方法检测两组标本MMP－２、TIMP－２蛋白表达。结果有、无转移或完整包膜的肝细胞癌MMP－２表达差异有统计学意义（χ ２ ＝６．５１８、６．０３８,P＜０．０５）;与单纯手术组相比,TACE组肝细胞癌MMP－２表达明显降低（χ ２ ＝４．８５４,P＜０．０５）、TIMP－２表达明显增高（χ ２ ＝５．１４４,P＜０．０５）;MMP－２与TIMP－２表达存在显著负相关（r＝－０．３９２,P＜０．０５）。结论MMP－２、TIMP－２与HCC的侵袭转移潜能相关,化疗栓塞有助于抑制HCC侵袭与转移潜能。     

阳极氧化法测量硅太阳能电池结深及杂质浓度分布

报道了用四探针法及阳极氧化法测试云南半导体器件帮生产的φ（１００）绒面硅太阳能电池扩散层薄层电阻（Ｒｓ）及结深（Ｘ１）的情况，从中可检测适合于硅太阳能电池ｐ－ｎ结需要的Ｒｓ和ｘ１对提高太阳能电池产品质量有较重要的指导作用。     

Cdln2O4和Cd2SnO4薄膜X—光电子能谱研究

研究了在Ａｒ－Ｏ２混合气氛中从Ｃｄ－Ｉｎ和Ｃｄ－Ｓｎ合金靶射频反应溅射而的ＣｄＩｎ２Ｏ４和Ｃｄ２ＳｎＯ４膜的Ｘ－光电子能谱。实验结果表明了粉末Ｃｄ，Ｉｎ，Ｓｎ，ＳｎＯ２，Ｉｎ２Ｏ３和ＣｄＩｎ２Ｏ４，Ｃｄ２ＳｎＯ４膜的Ｃｄ，Ｉｎ，Ｓｎ３Ｄ３／２和３ｄ５／２ＸＰＳ峰值位置的形状的区别，并讨论了Ｏ１ｓ。ＸＰＳ峰随氧浓度的变化。当氧浓度增加时，Ｏ１ｓ分为两个峰。     

经双侧子宫动脉介入化疗对进展期宫颈癌的疗效观察

目的评估经双侧子宫动脉灌注DDP＋５－Fu对进展期宫颈癌的疗效和并发症。方法回顾我院妇产科２００６年１月至２００９年１月收治的７２例初治原发性进展期宫颈癌患者（ⅠB２期２８例,ⅡA期１２例,ⅡB期３２例;鳞癌５６例,腺癌１６例）,均行经双侧子宫动脉DDP＋５－Fu介入化疗,以化疗前后的B超检查及临床妇科检查对比判断疗效,观察化疗并发症,同时评估其手术切除率,分析术后病理结果。结果７２例患者中５４例完成１个疗程,１８例完成２个疗程,共进行了９０个疗程。介入治疗后肿瘤明显缩小,宫旁组织或阴道浸润消退,总有效率为７７．８％,ⅠB２期有效率９２．９％（２６／２８）,ⅡA期有效率８３．３％（１０／１２）,ⅡB期有效率６２．５％（２０／３２）,三者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜０．０５）。鳞癌有效率８５．７％（４８／５６）,腺癌有效率５０．０％（８／１６）;两者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜０．０５）。化疗不良反应主要表现为胃肠道反应和骨髓抑制。３４例患者嗣后接受宫颈癌根治术,其中ⅠB２期２２例（７８．６％,２２／２８）,ⅡA期８例（６６．７％,８／１２）,ⅡB期４例（１２．５％,４／３２）,三者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜０．０５）。术后病理:所有手术病例阴道切缘均无癌灶残存,无卵巢转移,６例患者盆腔淋巴结转移（１７．６％）,４例患者宫旁浸润（１１．８％）,均为ⅡA期和ⅡB期的患者。结论经双侧子宫动脉DDP＋５－Fu术前介入化疗在近期内能安全有效的缩小宫颈癌病灶,抑制淋巴结转移及宫旁浸润,为手术创造条件并降低手术难度。对ⅠB２期患者疗效好于ⅡA和ⅡB期患者,对鳞癌有效率高于腺癌。     

掺硼（B）非晶硅（a－Si：H）材料固相晶化（SPC）的研究

对掺硼（Ｂ）材料的固相晶化进行了研究。通过对不同掺Ｂ浓度的ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ样品退火前后的Ｘ射线衍射、光吸收系数、电导率、激活能及Ｈａｌｌ迁移率的测量发现，Ｂ原子在固相晶化过程中起晶核作用，晶化后的样品具有较高的迁移率及电导率，同时具有较大的禁带宽度。当接Ｂ浓度仅为０．１７％时，晶化后样品的电导率为４．３５ｓｃｍ－１，迁移率为１４０ｃｍ２Ｖ－１ｓ－１，禁带宽度Ｅ０４＝２．１６ｅＶ。该材料是一种较好的太阳电池窗口材料。     

EBV法制备Znln2S4薄膜的性质研究

用电子束加热真空蒸发法（ＥＢＶ法）制备了厚度为３５０ｎｍ的ＺｎＩｎ２Ｓ４薄膜。研究了最佳成膜工艺条件和最新电子能谱分析结果；通过不同气氛处理可以控制材料的导电类型，典型膜的电阻率为２．５×１０＾－１Ω．ｃｍ，Ｈａｌｌ迁移率为５２ｃｍ＾２．Ｖ＾－１．ｓ＾－１，载流子浓度为１．４２×１０＾１７ｃｍ＾－３，禁带宽度为２．１３ｅＶ。探讨了ＺｎＩｎ２Ｓ４膜的导电机理，并制作了ＺｎＩｎ２Ｓ４－Ｓｉ太阳电池。     

GaAs太阳电池帽层腐蚀研究--GaAs/AlGaAs薄膜体系的选择性腐蚀

由ｐ＋－ＧａＡｓ帽层和ｐ－ＡｌｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ（ｘ＝０·８—０．９）窗口层构成的异质薄膜体系是ＧａＡｓ太阳电池器件中的常规结构。对该异质结构的只腐蚀ＧａＡｓ而不腐蚀ＡｌＧａＡｓ的选择性腐蚀工艺是ＧａＡｓ太阳电池制备过程中的一道关键工序。针对传统腐蚀工艺中出现的腐蚀后露出的ＡｌＧａＡｓ表面呈现彩色的问题,从改进腐蚀液配方角度,围绕通常采用的氨水－双氧水（ＮＨ４ＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ２）腐蚀液体系,对该问题作了深入细致的专门研究,并与柠檬酸－双氧水（Ｃ６Ｈ８Ｏ７－Ｈ２Ｏ２）和柠檬酸－柠檬酸钾－双氧水（Ｃ６Ｈ８Ｏ７－Ｋ３Ｃ６Ｈ５Ｏ７－Ｈ２Ｏ２）腐蚀液体系作对比,最终得到了较满意的氨水－双氧水－磷酸（ＮＨ４ＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ２－Ｈ３ＰＯ４）新腐蚀液体系。这种腐蚀液体系不仅可在较宽的溶液浓度范围内实现对高Ａｌ组分ＧａＡｓ／ＡｌＧａＡｓ异质结构的选择性腐蚀,而且也不会对露出的ＡｌＧａＡｓ外观产生明显影响     

柴油机排气微粒静电捕集的初步研究

本文通过对柴油机排气微粒电阻率的测量及其微粒固有荷电量与电晕荷电量的比较,分析了用静电技术捕集柴油机排气微粒的可行性。用485Q型柴油机进行了排气微粒静电捕集器模型的台架试验,证实了柴油机排气微粒的固有电荷不能满足静电捕集的需要,而强化荷电是必需的。     

车用直喷式柴油机微粒排放与排气烟度、碳氢化合物排放的关系

本文针对自然吸气式车用直喷柴油机６１１０的微粒排放与排气烟度、碳氢化合物的关系进行了试验研究。结果表明，柴油机的微粒排放可按简单的经验关系式根据排气烟度和碳氢化合物排放计算，算出的值和直接通过稀释排气并用滤纸采样法测得的值吻合较好。本算式可用于确定６１１０及类似柴油机按ＥＣＥＲ４９十三工况的微粒加权比排放量，而不必用复杂的微粒测量系统。     

Evaluation of toxic potential of particulates emitted from Jatropha biodiesel fuelled engine

This study involved a comparative experimental characterization of trace metals and relative toxicity evaluation of particulates emitted by a medium-duty transportation diesel engine using diesel and 20% (v/v) Jatropha biodiesel blend (B20). The engine was operated at 1800 rpm and particulate samples were collected on a filter paper at five loads (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% rated load) at steady state using a partial flow dilution tunnel, for both diesel and B20. Samples were then analyzed for trace metals, particulate morphology, total organic carbon and benzene soluble organic fraction (BSOF), which is a marker of toxicity. Concentrations of crust elements (Al, Ca, Fe and Mg) in the particulates were relatively higher than that of anthropogenic elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn) for both test fuels. B20 emitted relatively lower trace metal concentrations in particulates compared to baseline mineral diesel and these concentrations decreased with increasing engine load. Concentrations of gaseous emissions namely CO and THC in biodiesel exhaust were relatively lower than mineral diesel however NOx was relatively higher. Scanning electron microscopy of the particulate samples collected on the filter papers was done along with EDAX analysis for comparison.     

Hydrogen rich exhaust gas recirculation (H2EGR) for performance improvement and emissions reduction of a compression ignition engine

Hydrogen (H₂), being carbon free energy carrier, is best suitable for compression ignition (CI) engines with better performance and lower carbon derived emissions. Novelty of present study is the employment of low-cost catalyst (alumina) for production of H₂ reformate (hydrogen rich exhaust gas recirculation: H2EGR) in an indigenous catalytic reactor. Experimental tests were carried out on a CI engine under three conditions; base diesel, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and H2EGR. Results indicated that brake thermal efficiency of the engine with H2EGR was higher than EGR and comparable with base diesel operation. All carbon-based emissions including smoke emission decreased significantly with H2EGR than diesel and EGR operations. In addition, oxides of nitrogen emission (NO_x) also decreased by about 46% with H2EGR than base diesel operation. It is concluded that H2EGR is a promising option for CI engines for simultaneous reduction of both NO_x and smoke emissions along with the additional benefit of higher efficiency.     

柴油机排气微粒物的热解质量分析

作者将热解质量分析法用于研究柴油机排气微粒，分析了不同柴油机负荷下排出的微粒中可挥发成分与不可挥发成分的比例。结果表明，柴油机排气微粒中可挥发成分随发动机负荷的增大而减少，从９５％减到６５％左右。其余为不挥发的可燃物碳粒，不可燃的无机物极少。     

柴油机微粒捕集器再生技术的分析和研究

柴油机微粒捕集器技术是柴油机微粒排放控制的有效手段,其关键技术是过滤材料和再生方法。详细介绍了几种过滤材料和不同的再生技术,指出了各种技术的特点和主要问题。     

柴油机排气微粒测量中若干因素对测量结果的影响

作者研究了柴油机排气温度、空气温度、稀释比和测量时排气抽取位置对排气微粒质量浓度的影响。本文介绍研究工作的结果。同时还介绍了作者自己研制的一套柴油机排气微粒小型测量装置。该装置体积小、重量轻、移动方便、操作简单、成本低,能满足研究工作的需要。     

Effects of secondary combustion on efficiencies and emission reduction in the diesel engine exhaust heat recovery system

An experimental study on the effects of secondary combustion on efficiencies and emission reduction in the diesel engine exhaust heat recovery system has been undertaken. The co-generation concept is utilized in that the electric power is produced by the generator connected to the diesel engine, and heat is recovered from both combustion exhaust gases and the engine by the fin-and-tube and shell-and-tube heat exchangers, respectively. A specially designed secondary combustor is installed at the engine outlet in order to reburn the unburned fuel from the diesel engine, thereby improving the system’s efficiency as well as reducing air pollution caused by exhaust gases. The main components of the secondary combustor are coiled Nichrome wires heated by the electric current and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) housed inside a well insulated stainless steel shell. The performance tests were conducted at four water flow rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 L/min and five electric power outputs of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 kW. The results show that at a water flow of 20 L/min and a power generation of 9 kW, the total efficiency (thermal efficiency plus electric power generation efficiency) of this system reaches a maximum 94.4% which is approximately 15–20% higher than that of the typical diesel engine exhaust heat recovery system. Besides, the use of the secondary combustor and heat exchangers results in 80%, 35% and 90% reduction of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM), respectively.     

Hydrogen aspiration in a direct injection type diesel engine-its effects on smoke and other engine performance parameters

An experimental study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of reducing diesel particulates in the exhaust by aspirating small quantities of gaseous hydrogen in the intake of a diesel engine. A single cylinder, direct injection type diesel engine was used in the experiments. Hydrogen flow rates equivalent to about 10% of the total energy substantially reduced smoke emissions at part loads. At the full rated load, reduction in smoke levels was limited; this is believed to be due to the lower amounts of excess air available in the cylinder. It was found that the engine thermal efficiency was dependent on the portion of hydrogen energy, out of the total input energy, supplied to the engine. There was no significant change in the hydrocarbon emissions but oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust increased with an increase in hydrogen energy.     

用于柴油机排气微粒过滤的碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的排气阻力

本文使用碳化硅泡沫陶瓷作为柴油机排气微粒过滤器滤芯材料,根据柴油机尾气在管道中的流动状态,采用Navier-Stokes方程计算分析,结合实验数据,确定了碳化硅泡沫陶瓷柴油机排气微粒过滤器排气阻力公式。公式计算结果与实际结果相符合。