基于因子分析法的图标设计评价方法

现有的图标设计评价方法大多基于审美评价或可用性而展开,缺少对图标间的关 系及设计因素的研究。为此,提出了一种基于因子分析法的界面图标设计评价方法,通过选取 图标设计中的6 个设计元变量,对其展开意象评价统计并建立均值矩阵,使用因子分析法对其 进行计算分析及评价。最终将图标设计的影响因子提取为图标外形和图标内部两个主要因子, 从而方便研究人员评价系列图标设计中各图标之间的关系和各构成要素的相互作用。该方法具 有可靠性,评价结果与现有系列图标设计的视觉表现及其市场表现相符,并得出图标外形因子 对于图标设计效果的影响作用大于图标内部因子这一主要观点。     

基于用户满意度的图标动态形式设计

为了增加用户对人机界面图标的可理解性,提高用户认知效率,提出一种基于用户满意度的图标动态形式评价方法.利用速率、方向、范围、路径分别定义图标旋转、左右、上下平移、缩放4种基本动态形式;采用阈限测量法获得图标动作时间的上阈、舒适值、下阈,通过线性回归建立图标动作时间与图标动作幅度间映射关系;通过Likert量表进行动态图标范围适合度调查;结合方差分析和最小显著性差异实验,分析图标动作时间和图标动作幅度对用户偏好满意度、认知负荷的影响,并用于指导动态图标设计.实验结果表明在4种基本动态形式下,移动端的动态图标最佳动作时间在450 ms左右;动作时间与动作幅度为正相关,设备尺寸、图标复杂度对动作时间的设定有决定性的影响;动作幅度的设定与设备尺寸相关.为人机界面中动态图标设计提供了一种动态图标量化分析模型,以便为人机界面的动态图标设计提供一定的理论参考.     

基于中文软件菜单与图标模型研究

目的是探讨当前人机界面研究状况，针对屏幕显示信息存在的认知问题，基于中文软件界面，分析汉字和图标的符号．特性，研究以汉字命令为主图标为辅的有机组合人机界面的设计思想和方法，从而使中文用户的人机交互更具有操作可用性．     

基于设计符号学的图标设计

为进一步探讨图标设计的识别性问题,提出了基于设计符号学的图标设计方法.该方法将图标设计分成语意、语构、语境和语用4个维度,根据设计符号学原理对图标设计与用户研究进行认知、整合上的创新,构成一个闭环式的图标设计理论模型;分析了基于设计符号学的图标设计过程,以图标代数理论为基础提出基于设计符号学的图标设计表达模型,探讨了语意和语构2个维度的重要性.采用.NET技术在Windows 7平台上构建了一个辅助图标设计过程的计算机原型系统IDAS1.0,其中包括快速设计模块、设计符号学评价模块和知识库模块.基于该系统可以实现图标方案的快速生成,构建设计知识库及获取专家的设计符号学评价,从而提高图标的设计和认知效率,验证了基于设计符号学的图标设计理论体系.     

iPhone、Android和Windows8手机界面图标的比较和分析

该文首先指出手机界面图标的研究现状,接下来对手机界面图标所包含的内容进行分析,然后根据人机工程和视觉认知原理对iPhone手机界面图标,Android手机界面图标和Windows8手机界面图标进行分析和比较。     

图形用户接口中图标（Icon）的设计

功能强、具有吸引力的图形用户接口成功因素之一在于使用了图标，屏幕设计过程中图标的使用已经成为用户接口范围内最热门的话题之一。本文在目前流行的窗口管理程序用户接口的表现属性基础上，分析了一般图形用户接口中图标的特征和特点。并且结合Ｘ环境下程序设计的特点，给出了图标设计的四项原则和具体的实现步骤。     

纯CSS3图标技术方案在WebApp中的设计与应用

图标在WebApp设计中用途广泛,文章分析了sprite图标、图标字体和纯CSS3图标三种应用方案,对比发现sprite图标方案使用最广,简单又有效,但在自定义图标的大小和颜色上有所欠缺;图标字体技术能很好的克服sprite图标方案的缺点,但又增加了许多额外开销;而目前较新颖的纯CSS3图标技术方案比使用其它图标技术方案更有优势.最后用音乐图标实例介绍了纯CSS图标的生成及应用.     

互联网背景下用户界面图标品牌化视觉设计研究

文章通过对当下互联网背景下用户界面图标设计背景与未来设计趋势分析,根据现时用户对图标设计的需求和要求,以及市场竞争优胜劣汰的规律,结合具体实例和设计原理,提出图标品牌化视觉设计的方式方法,希望能对当下图标设计有一定的参考价值。     

文本图像中图标图形的识别检索方法

针对文本图像自动处理中对图标图形识别检索的应用需求,提出一种基于投影特征的图标图形识别检索方法。采用投影直方图表示图标的水平方向特征和垂直方向特征,并利用直方图的相关距离来度量图像的相似性程度,克服镜面对称变换对投影直方图的影响。实验表明,投影特征描述了图标的水平及垂直方向的空间分布信息,能够有效地进行识别检索。     

APP图标计算审美评估

近年来,计算美学已经成为一个活跃的研究领域.移动终端APP充斥着人们的生活,但关于APP图标的计算美学评估却鲜有尝试.提出一个基于设计准则感知模型的APP图标计算审美评估框架.首先定义一些特征变量量化评估APP图标中的某些方面,如色彩度、和谐度、对比度,同时收集了60名志愿者对240个APP图标在色彩度、和谐度、对比度...     

From action icon to knowledge icon: Objective-oriented icon taxonomy in computer science

Icon plays a critical role in computer interface design. Studies on icon taxonomy explain the way in which various types of icon represent the objects and provide designers creation rules by which icons are more in line with users’ cognitive psychology. However, along with larger and larger use of icons, the previous classification criterion causes the boundary between categories blur. What’s more, Single classification standard is not able to well illustrate the icons applied in today’s computer applications. The purpose of this paper is to present an objective-oriented icon taxonomy which proposes to categorize icons into action icon and knowledge icon. To assess this proposition, we analyzed a sample of icons that applied in computer interface and suggest precise application domains to both action icon and knowledge icon categories. The results of this practice manifested that action icon and knowledge icon implied a high relation with applied environment and explicated the development trace of computer icons. This work is one of the first to point out the notion of knowledge icon and to highlight the importance of objective of icon application. Findings in this paper could enrich icon use in computer interface design, especially provides possible way to improve online knowledge sharing by visual tool like icon.     

How do app icon color and border shape influence visual search efficiency and user experience? Evidence from an eye-tracking study

Icon color and icon border shape are two key factors that affect search efficiency and user experience but have previously been studied separately. This study aimed to ascertain their separate and combined effects on smartphone interfaces. We conducted an experiment using eye tracking in addition to performance and experience measures to understand the effects of app icon color and border shape on visual efficiency and user experience. The results identified both features as essential attributes with interactive effects in the process of searching app icons on a smartphone interface. The study confirmed that varied colors across icons and a rounded square border shape helped to improve search efficiency, decrease cognitive effort, and lead to a more positive user experience.Relevance to industryUsers of smartphones are often confronted with the problem of selecting a single app from a great number of apps. Visual design of app icons plays a key role in influencing visual search efficiency and user experience. The results of this study have implications for designing app icons on the interface of smartphones to improve search efficiency and elicit positive user experience.     

Effects of smartphone icon background shapes and figure/background area ratios on visual search performance and user preferences

Smartphones are becoming increasingly popular, users are provided with various interface styles with different designed icons. Icon, as an important competent of user interface, is regarded to be more efficient and pleasurable. However, compared with desktop computers, fewer design principles on smartphone icon were proposed. This paper investigated the effects of icon background shape and the figure/background area ratio on visual search performance and user preference. Icon figures combined with six different geometric background shapes and five different figure/background area ratios were studied on three different screens in experiments with 40 subjects. The results of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that these two independent variables (background shape and figure/background area ratio) significantly affected the visual search performance and user preference. On 3.5-in (1 in=0.025 4 m) and 4.0-in displays, unified backgroundwould be optimal, shapes such as square, circle and transitions between them (e.g., rounded square, squircle, etc.) are recommended because backgrounds in these shapes yield a better search time performance and subjective satisfaction for ease of use, search and visual preference. A 60% figure/background area ratio is the most appropriate for smartphone icon design on the 3.5-in screen, while a 50% area ratio could be a suggestion for both relatively optimized search performance and user preference on 4.0-in. In terms of the 4.7-in, icon figure is used directly for its better performance and preference compared with icons with background.     

符号学在图标设计中的应用

针对图标设计缺乏理论思想指导的现状,从理论上解释了符号的表达和理解过程,分析了符号的四个重要因素,并以范例形式解释了如何在图标设计中应用,给出了图标设计的一般流程。最后,总结了图标设计需把握的两个要点:一是功能需求;二是用户的定义。     

Effects of display modality on critical battlefield e-map search performance

Visual search performance in visual display terminals can be affected by several changeable display parameters, such as the dimensions of screen, target size and background clutter. We found that when there was time pressure for operators to execute the critical battlefield map searching in a control room, efficient visual search became more important. We investigated the visual search performance in a simulated radar interface, which included the warrior symbology. Thirty-six participants were recruited and a three-factor mixed design was used in which the independent variables were three screen dimensions (7, 15 and 21 in.), five icon sizes (visual angle 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 min of arc) and two map background clutter types (topography displayed [TD] and topography not displayed [TND]). The five dependent variables were completion time, accuracy, fixation duration, fixation count and saccade amplitude. The results showed that the best icon sizes were 80 and 70 min. The 21 in. screen dimension was chosen as the superior screen for search tasks. The TND map background with less clutters produced higher accuracy compared to that of TD background with clutter. The results of this research can be used in control room design to promote operators’ visual search performance.     

Effects of visual field,exposure time,and set size on icon search with varied delays using an LCD monitor

Abstract— This study investigated the effects of visual field (left or right), exposure time, and set size on icon search with varied delay times. Nineteen women and 17 men, who were Taiwanese graduate students aged 24–40 years, participated. Participants were told to search for a target icon in a circular stimulus array, which had a diameter of 7 cm and included five, seven, or nine items. The results indicated that set size significantly affected search time. Search time was significantly longer for a nine‐icon set than for five and seven icons. Search times were significantly longer for 5‐sec delays than for 3‐and 1 ‐sec delays. However, exposure time and visual field did not significantly affect search time. Results showed that set size significantly affected accuracy. The accuracy for the five‐icon condition was greater than that for the seven‐ and nine‐icon conditions. Moreover, accuracy was greater for 1 ‐ than for 3‐ and 5‐sec‐delay conditions. However, no significant effect on accuracy was found for visual field or exposure time. Finally, search times for correct and incorrect responses were analyzed separately. The results are applicable to graphics‐based interface design.     

移动端应用软件中启动图标的设计方法探究

移动设备的智能化为人们的生活、工作提供了一个新的媒介平台,大量的、具有各种功能性的应用软件出现在这一领域。启动图标是应用软件的主要入口,能直接引导用户下载并使用应用程序。而且图标的外观会影响该应用软件的下载量,甚至会导致平台所有者拒绝发布该产品,所以对启动图标进行研究是十分必要的。文章通过分析目前国内外移动设备中应用软件的图标呈现的现状,探讨科学的设计方法和设计流程,为应用软件的图标设计提供可行性参考。     

Impact of spatial auditory feedback on the efficiency of iconic human–computer interfaces under conditions of visual impairment

This paper investigates the addition of spatial auditory feedback as a tool to assist people with visual impairments in the use of computers, specifically in tasks involving iconic visual search. In this augmented interface, unique sounds were mapped to visual icons on the screen. As the screen cursor traversed the screen, the user heard sounds of nearby icons, spatially, according to the relative position of each icon with respect to the screen cursor. A software prototype of the design was developed to evaluate the performance of users in the search of icons within the proposed interface. Experiments were conducted with simulated visual impairments on volunteer participants to evaluate if the addition of spatial auditory feedback makes the interface more accessible to users with impaired vision. Results demonstrated that spatialization of icon sounds provides additional remote navigational information to users, enabling new strategies for task completion. Directions for future research are discussed and prioritized.