自适应MIMO系统中的支持选择功能的四单元天线

天线选择是自适应MIMO系统中实现可重构多天线的一种有效方法.提出了一种支持选择功能的四单元天线.通过在馈电网络中增加PIN二极管,该天线具备选择任意一组天线单元的功能,同时未被选择的天线单元终端加载匹配的集总负载以维持方向图的稳定.测量结果表明:在任意一种天线单元组合下,该天线都可以覆盖UMTS频段并保持较低的互耦;同时天线单元的方向图具有稳定性.     

关于MIMO系统的天线子集选择性能的研究

讨论了有关 MIMO 无线系统中的天线子集选择性能的问题。首先建立了 MIMO 信道模型,对信道模型进行了分析,接着对信道矩阵为非满秩的情况进行了研究,分别采用几种组合对发射、接收天线进行选择,得出不同组合对信道容量的影响。仿真结果表明,选择发射天线可以增加信道容量,选择接收天线虽然无助于增加信道容量,但在不会严重降低信道容量的前提下,可以降低系统的成本。     

Energy efficiency of massive MIMO wireless communication systems with antenna selection

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) requires a large number (tens or hundreds) of base station antennas serving for much smaller number of terminals, with large gains in energy efficiency and spectral efficiency compared with traditional MIMO technology. Large scale antennas mean large scale radio frequency (RF) chains. Considering the plenty of power consumption and high cost of RF chains, antenna selection is necessary for Massive MIMO wireless communication systems in both transmitting end and receiving end. An energy efficient antenna selection algorithm based on convex optimization was proposed for Massive MIMO wireless communication systems. On the condition that the channel capacity of the cell is larger than a certain threshold, the number of transmit antenna, the subset of transmit antenna and servable mobile terminals (MTs) were jointly optimized to maximize energy efficiency. The joint optimization problem was proved in detail. The proposed algorithm is verified by analysis and numerical simulations. Good performance gain of energy efficiency is obtained comparing with no antenna selection.     

Outage analysis of TAS/MRC in dual hop full-duplex MIMO relay networks with co-channel interferences

In this paper, we investigate the outage performance of transmit antenna selection (TAS) and maximal-ratio combining (MRC) in dual hop full-duplex (FD) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay network over Rayleigh fading channels. In the analysis, Rayleigh faded multiple co-channel interferers (CCIs) are also taken into account at the relay. In the network, source and destination are equipped with multiple antennas, and relay is equipped with one receive and one transmit antennas, respectively and source-destination link is not available. While the TAS is applied at the source without considering residual self-interference (RSI) effect, received signals at the destination are combined based on the MRC technique. For the analysis, we consider three approaches at the relay. In the first, we consider the received signal at the relay is corrupted by faded RSI and noise, in the second one, the RSI is considered as non-fading. In the last one, the noise is neglected. In all cases, the relay suffers from multiple Rayleigh faded CCIs. Outage probability (OP) expression related to all the cases is derived and obtained in single integral forms in case of the faded/non-fading RSI and in closed form in case of the noise neglected approach. Moreover, we also find asymptotic OPs and conduct effective diversity order analysis. The analytical results are verified by the Monte Carlo simulations. Results show that TAS decreases error floor at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region and MRC provides diversity gain at low SNR region. In addition, approaches II and III are good approximations to approach I at low and high SNR regions, respectively.     

Analysis of cooperative MIMO transmission system with transmit antenna selection and selection combining

Error performance of a cooperative system can be enhanced by using transmit and receive diversity techniques at transmission links. The number of transmit/receive RF chain pairs required to achieve full diversity can be decreased to one for each link by using transmit antenna selection (TAS) method at the transmitter and selection combining (SC) method at the receiver. Thus, hardware complexity of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) cooperative scheme can be significantly reduced when compared to systems that use TAS and maximum ratio combining (MRC). In this paper, we investigate the performance of an amplify‐and‐forward cooperative system where TAS/SC is utilized. We derive the probability density function (pdf) of end‐to‐end SNR of the system for Rayleigh fading channels. By using this pdf, we obtain the exact symbol error rate expressions for M‐PSK and M‐QAM modulations and the exact outage probability expression. We also obtain the asymptotical diversity order using upper and lower bounds of the outage probability expression and show that our system provides the same diversity order as the cooperative system where TAS/MRC is utilized. We verify our results via computer simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analog antenna combining in transmit correlated channels: Transceiver design and performance evaluation

In this paper we study space-time coding schemes for a novel OFDM-based MIMO system which performs adaptive signal combining in radio-frequency (RF). Assuming perfect channel knowledge at the receiver and statistical channel state information at the transmitter, we consider the problem of selecting the transmit and receive RF weights (beamformers), as well as the time and frequency linear precoders, under the assumption of Rayleigh channels. The transmission scheme is based on orthogonal beam division multiplexing (OBDM) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receive beamforming, i.e., the data is transmitted by means of several transmit beamformers matched to the spatial correlation matrix, whereas the receive beamformers are selected to minimize the MSE of the linear MMSE receiver. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulations.     

多径信道下OFDM系统中的两种线性载波间干扰抑制技术

载波间干扰(ICI)是影响正交频分复用(OFDM)系统性能的重要因素。该文研究了不同延迟线长度L下的频域RAKE(F-RAKE)和频域均衡(F-FIR)两种线性ICI抑制技术。假设接收端已知信道信息,F-FIR采用最小均方误差(MMSE)准则。结果表明L=3时,F-RAKE比标准接收机的载干比(CIR)高2～5dB,而F-FIR则高出2～7dB;随着L的增加,两种接收机所能获得的CIR增益逐渐降低。从计算复杂度来看,F-FIR的计算量是F-PAKE的L倍,工程中可以通过选取不同延迟线长度和接收机结构来达到计算复杂度和性能的折衷。     

Transmit antenna selection of correlated MIMO multiuser cognitive radio networks in Nakagami‐m fading channels

In this paper, we examine the impact of antenna correlation on transmit antenna selection with receive maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) in multiple‐input multiple‐output multiuser underlay cognitive radio network (MIMO‐MCN) over a Nakagami‐m fading environment. The secondary network under consideration consists of a single source and M destinations equipped with multiple correlated antennas at each node. The primary network composed of L primary users, each of which is equipped with multiple correlated antennas. For the considered underlay spectrum sharing paradigm, the transmission power of the proposed secondary system is limited by the peak interference limit on the primary network and the maximum transmission power at the secondary network. In particular, we derive exact closed‐form expressions for the outage probability and average symbol error rate of the proposed secondary system. To gain further insights, simple asymptotic closed‐form expressions for the outage probability and symbol error rate are provided to obtain the achievable diversity order and coding gain of the system. In addition, the impact of antenna correlation on the secondary user ergodic capacity has been investigated by deriving closed‐form expressions for the secondary user capacity. The derived analytical formulas herein are supported by numerical and simulation results to clarify the main contributions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

干扰信道中ZF协作MIMO发射的性能分析

针对有协作反馈的多输入多输出(MIMO, multiple-input multiple-output)干扰信道,研究了迫零(ZF, zero-forcing)协作发射策略的性能。为了推导和速率(sum rate)与中断概率等性能指标的解析表达式,研究了在MIMO 的维数趋向无穷时,各性能指标的渐近特性。利用随机矩阵理论,首次提出了迫零协作发射策略中等效矩阵所有特征值的一个渐近估计。并基于此推导了和速率的2个闭式表达式,同时还获得了和速率随着MIMO 维数变化的缩放律。此外,利用多元统计中Wishart矩阵最小特征值的概率分布函数的相关结论,推导了2种特例下的上述协作发射策略的中断概率表达式。仿真结果验证了所提的性能指标解析表达式不仅在大维的情况下成立,而且在中等维度下也是有效的。     

大规模MIMO系统中收发联合阈值天线选择算法

在大规模多输入多输出(massive MIMO)系统中使用天线选择算法可提高能效和系统吞吐量,然而适用于传统MIMO系统的天线选择算法具有高复杂度,很难用于massive MIMO系统。为优化天线选择算法,以算法复杂度和系统容量为优化目标,提出了收发联合阈值天线选择算法。该算法在发射端使用最大范数双向天线选择算法进行天线选择,在接收端使用分组maxvol算法并通过仿真实验结果的预设阈值进行天线选择。仿真实验表明,收发联合阈值天线选择算法在降低复杂度的同时可以提高系统容量,与递增天线选择算法相比,系统容量最多可提高52.2 bit/s/Hz。提出的天线选择算法可以满足不同天线相关度和信噪比的传输环境。     

基于卫星移动MIMO系统的天线相关性性能分析

研究了卫星移动MIMO系统中,上、下行信道存在阴影衰落和空间相关条件下的系统性能,利用围线积分、留数定理及特殊函数积分等方法推导了系统中断概率(OP),平均符号错误概率(SER)的闭合表达式。利用Monte-Carlo仿真分析了系统在不同相关系数、天线数目及调制方式下的性能表现。仿真结果表明,尽管阴影衰落和空间相关性降低了系统性能,但与单天线系统相比,卫星移动MIMO系统的OP及SER改善明显。     

矢量正交频分复用系统的窄带干扰抑制

分析了窄带干扰对矢量正交频分复用(VOFDM)系统性能的影响,提出了一种VOFDM系统的窄带干扰抑制方法.该方法通过对接收矢量进行修正,把矢量子信道的接收转化为多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)系统的接收检测问题,再采用最小均方误差合并技术实现窄带干扰抑制.性能分析及仿真结果表明,所建议的接收方法可有效提高系统对窄带干扰的顽健性,对于矢量长度为16的VOFDM,当信干比为15dB且误码率为10-2时,本方法相比于最小平方检测有约8dB的信噪比增益.     

Performance of variable-power adaptive MQAM with transmit antenna selection and delayed feedback in Nakagami Fading channel

In this paper, the performance of MIMO systems with variable-power (VP) adaptive MQAM and transmit antenna selection (TAS) over Nakagami-m fading channel is presented. The optimum switching thresholds for attaining maximum spectrum efficiency (SE) subject to a target bit error rate (BER) and an average power constraint are derived. It is shown that the Lagrange multiplier in the constrained SE optimization will be unique if the existence condition for MIMO system with TAS is satisfied. A practical iterative algorithm based on Newton's method for finding the Lagrange multiplier is proposed. By using the switching thresholds, closed-form expressions of the SE and average BER are obtained. Besides, BER expressions with delayed feedback are derived for VP and constant-power (CP) systems, respectively. With these expressions, the impact of feedback delay on the BER performance is effectively assessed. Computer simulation for SE and BER shows that the theoretical analysis and simulation are in good agreement. The results show that the VP adaptive modulation (AM) system with TAS provides better SE than the CP counterpart and VP AM system with space-time coding, and has slight BER performance degradation for the normalized time delay less than 0.01.     

Performance analysis of beamforming in two-hop AF relay networks with antenna correlation and interference

This paper investigates the performance of a two-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) relay network with antenna correlation and co-channel interference (CCI) over Rayleigh fading channels. In this network, the relay has multiple antennas while both the source and destination are equipped with a single antenna. By assuming that the statistical channel state information (SCSI) is available at the relay, the maximal output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is first obtained. Then, with the help of the specialized functions, the analytical expressions for the outage probability (OP), Ergodic capacity and average symbol error rates (ASERs) of the considered AF relay network are all derived. Moreover, the asymptotic analysis at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is also presented to reveal the diversity order and array gain of the relay system. Finally, computer simulations are given to confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis and indicate the effects of antenna correlation and interference on the system performance.     

频率选择性衰落环境中MIMO系统信道容量研究

提出了一种频率选择性环境中多输入多输出系统信道容量的分析方法.该方法基于接收均匀圆阵构建了蕴含天线间距、散射角大小和多径数等模型物理参数的衰落空间相关模型。分析了MIMO OFDM系统信道衰落的统计特性。在此基础上利用Wishart分布的性质详细推导了任意天线数的MIMO OFDM系统的信道容量及其上下限。该方法回避了已有方法需要求取信道衰落相关特征值概率密度函数的问题，降低了运算量；并且可以有效地分析在频率选择性环境中模型物理参数对信道容量的影响。仿真结果表明，随着天线间距的增大，系统的平均信道容量也逐渐增大；但当天线间距增大到一定程度后,信道容量变化不明显，散射角越大，信道容量的增长速率越快，当接收信噪比较高时,平均信道容量的上下限接近于其实际值。     

MIMO系统中改进的二进制粒子群天线选择算法

在多输入多输出系统中,发射端和接收端的多天线配置提高了信道容量和传输可靠性,而天线选择技术能在保持系统优点的同时有效地降低运算复杂度以及硬件成本。为了能在时变的信道条件下快速地选择出一组最优的天线子集,提出了一种基于二进制粒子群算法的改进的天线选择算法。推导出了二进制粒子群联合收发端天线选择的信道容量公式,并将其作为粒子群算法的适应度函数,使天线选择问题转换成二进制编码串的组合优化问题。通过改进模糊函数提高粒子群算法的收敛性,让二进制粒子群尽可能地收敛于全局最优位置。仿真结果表明,改进的算法能在降低运算复杂度的同时提高收敛性,且系统信道容量趋近于最优算法。     

Efficient user selection for multi-cell multi-user MIMO systems with limited backhaul

Multi-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MC-MU-MIMO) is a promising technique to eliminate inter-user interference and inter-cell cochannel interference in wireless telecommunication syste...     

OFDM系统中ICI自消除算法研究

OFDM系统对频率偏移极为敏感,频率偏移将导致子载波之间失去正交性,于是产生子载波干扰（ICI）,从而降低系统性能。通过对有效抑制ICI的方法—ICI自消除算法进行研究,分析了ICI自消除算法对OFDM系统的影响。在软件无线电（GNU Radio）平台上搭建该系统,并在实际环境中运行。研究结果表明：与传统OFDM系统相比,ICI自消除算法使OFDM系统的误码率得到改善。     

Diversity order of decode-and-forward MIMO relaying with transmit antenna selection

This article analyzes the diversity order of several proposed schemes, where the transmit antenna selection (TAS) strategies are combined with low-complexity decode-and-forward (DF) protocols in the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying scenario. Although antenna selection is a suboptimal form of beamforming, it enjoys the advantages of tractable optimization and low feedback overhead. Specifically, this article proposes schemes that combine TAS strategies with fixed decode-and-forward (FDF) and selection decode-and-forward (SDF) protocols. Following that, the asymptotic expressions of outage probabilities are derived and the diversity order of the proposed schemes analyzed. These kinds of combination of transmit antenna selection strategies and low-complexity decode-and-forward protocols can achieve partial diversity order in the MIMO relaying scenario. The numerical simulations verify the analysis.     

基于特征空间的MIMO天线选择算法

多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中多天线阵元(MEA)的使用增加了硬件成本和信号处理负担,而天线选择技术能够在损失MIMO性能很小的条件下大幅度降低硬件需求.在最大化信道容量的准则下,提出了一种基于信道状态信息(CSI)特征空间的渐消算法及相应的启发式简化算法,并说明了简化算法等价于特征空间矩阵上的基于范数的选择(NBS)算法.仿真实验表明,在接收天线选择个数大于发送天线个数的条件下,两种算法达到的中断容量接近最优选择算法,且计算时间较小.