重整分馏塔的操作对精制油初馏点的影响分析

分馏塔作为重整预处理部分的最后单元,其工作温度、压力、进料量及进料温度、回流量及回流温度都可能对精制油的初馏点造成重要影响,而这些因素对初馏点的影响程度的评估是优化操作的首要条件。分析了分馏塔的操作参数对初馏点的影响,以便得到优化操作方法。     

气相色谱法快速测定碳八混合芳烃的初馏点和终馏点

用色谱法测定碳八混合芳烃的组成和含量，同时用蒸馏法测定初馏点和终馏点，通过对色谱法所测出的组成和含量及蒸馏法测定出的初馏点和终馏点进行线性回归，提出了一种简便、快速、准确测定破八混合芳烃初馏点和终馏点的气相色谱法，并与蒸馏法结果相比较，结果满意，适用于乙烯厂中控生产分析。     

蒸馏装置改炼轻质原油改造设计新思路

介绍了中国石化扬子石油化工股份有限公司炼油厂Ⅰ套常减压蒸馏装置改炼轻质原油的改造设计情况.改造中采用了闪蒸罐→初馏加热炉→初馏塔新流程,脱后原油与初馏塔顶油气换热,初馏塔顶注水点位置后移以及常压炉为轻烃回收系统提供热源等新思路.改造后装置投产一次成功,加工能力有较大提高,对所加工油种有较强的适应性.     

电脱盐注水对初馏塔顶腐蚀的影响研究

中国石油辽河石化公司东蒸馏装置初馏塔顶系统的腐蚀一直较轻微,塔顶冷凝水呈碱性,初馏塔顶系统未设注中和缓蚀剂等工艺防腐措施。自2010年7月末以来,东蒸馏装置初馏塔顶冷凝水中的铁离子有严重超标现象,初馏塔顶冷凝水的pH值也出现了很大变化。为了寻找影响初馏塔顶系统腐蚀的因素,对装置的各种水质及原油性质变化进行监测,发现该装置电脱盐注水的性质对初馏塔顶系统的腐蚀有着重要的影响。     

轻质馏分油S沸点分布及其含量测定法

采用气相色谱一原子发射光谱联用法，测定初馏点大于或等于20℃，终馏点小于或等于500℃的馏分油中S元素含量及其分布。对试验条件的选择和试验精密度进行了阐述。     

FCC汽油为主要组分的出口汽油硫含量分布研究

分别将两批次出口汽油试样按20%馏出体积等份切割,采用紫外荧光测硫仪测定了各窄馏分中试样的平均硫含量。结果表明,各窄馏分中试样的平均硫含量遵循由小到大分布的规律;80%～终馏点窄馏分中试样的平均硫含量占该馏分总硫含量的31.3%～36.9%;与初馏点～20%窄馏分中的平均硫含量相比,80%～终馏点窄馏分中的平均硫含量分别是前者平均硫含量的2.8倍和2.2倍。建议生产以催化裂化汽油为主要组分的燃料油时,脱硫重点应放在汽油组分中的重馏部分,特别是80%～终馏点窄馏分,因为汽油馏分中约1/3硫含量都集中在该段馏分中。     

凝析气中痕量重烃组分对稳定轻烃终馏点的影响分析

终馏点是稳定轻烃的质量指标之一,主要用于控制产品中重烃组分的含量。若稳定轻烃中的重烃组分含量高将导致终馏点温度偏高,过高就会影响产品质量。由于凝析气中常常富含重烃组分,若不能有效控制将产生稳定轻烃终馏点超标问题。分析了凝析气中重烃组分对稳定轻烃终馏点的影响,确定了稳定轻烃产品中重烃组分的来源及终馏点超标的原因,并提出了解决这一问题的建议措施。     

MHK—2型在线初馏点自动测定仪

随着社会主义革命和社会主义建设的飞速发展,在处理量大、连续性强的现代炼油工业中,人工化验远远不能适应形势的发展。为了提高产品质量,实现生产过程自动化、生产上迫切需要一种能连续自动地测定初馏点的仪表。我所广大职工发扬了敢想敢干的革命精神,科学技术人员与工人师博相结合,想生产所想,急生产所急,于1969年研制出在线初馏点自动测定仪。     

凝析气中痕量重烃组分对稳定轻烃终馏点的影响分析

稳定轻烃的质量受终馏点所影响,终馏点的作用在于对产品之中的重烃组分含量进行控制。如果其含量过高,则会致使终馏点的温度出现偏高,从而使产品质量受到影响。     

常减压装置极低负荷下减三线和减四线产品的质量问题及对策

针对常减压蒸馏装置在极低负荷下运行中存在的减三线和减四线作为润滑油原料的初馏点降低和粘度降低等问题。采取了通过增加塔内汽液相负荷,减压炉炉管注汽,优化汽提蒸汽用量等措施,改善了自产过热蒸汽温度品质,提高了减三线和减四线油的初馏点和粘度,改善了其作为润滑油原料的产品质量,提高了装置在极低负荷下运行的产品效益。     

大庆馏份油蒸汽裂解制烯烃反应动力学模型

在小型试验装置上进行了五种大庆馏份油的蒸汽裂解试验,并在微型试验装置上考察了原料油裂解一次反应产物之一“中间馏份”再裂解的产物分布和动力学。根据试验数据和理论分析,提出了大庆馏份油蒸汽裂解动力学模拟模型。利用试验数据,确定了模型参数。其中阻抑因子和二次反应的动力学参数适用于五种原料油。模拟计算表明,本模型可用来模拟大庆馏份油的蒸汽裂解。     

BOILING RANGE DISTRIBUTIONS OF VARIOUS SHALE OILS AND INFLUENCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE RETORTING

The boiling range distributions of seven different shale oils from the United States and Australia which were retorted in the same retort under identical conditions were obtained and compared. These data are important in forming an engineering data base for shale oils.

Also, the effects of carbon dioxide retorting versus nitrogen retorting on oil quality were investigated. Through the study of the initial and final boiling points and the boiling range distribution it was found that carbon dioxide retorting increased the yield of low to mid-distillate fractions in the shale oil, thus enhancing the oil quality.     

BOILING RANGE DISTRIBUTIONS OF VARIOUS SHALE OILS AND INFLUENCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE RETORTING

Abstract

The boiling range distributions of seven different shale oils from the United States and Australia which were retorted in the same retort under identical conditions were obtained and compared. These data are important in forming an engineering data base for shale oils.

Also, the effects of carbon dioxide retorting versus nitrogen retorting on oil quality were investigated. Through the study of the initial and final boiling points and the boiling range distribution it was found that carbon dioxide retorting increased the yield of low to mid-distillate fractions in the shale oil, thus enhancing the oil quality.     

SIMULATED DISTILLATION BY TRERMO GRAVIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS APPLIED TO THERMAL CRACKING AND THERMAL HYDROCRACKING

A suitable correlation can be made to represent the simulated distillation of heavy oils starting from thennoaravimetric measurements. This method is applicable to hydrocarbons having an initial boiling point equal or greater than 200°C.

The simulated thermogravimetric distillation fit was obtained from experiments with the standard compounds obtained from ASTM D-2887-83 (Boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions by gas chromatography). This method is simple, fast and without problems when applied to heavy feedstocks

The data were used in the determination of average boiling temperatures of products from thermal cracking and thermal hydrocracking. It was also possible to quantify coke yields

Average relative molecular masses of products from the above processes correlated well with the average boiling point temperatures. It indicates that, with respect to the hydrocarbon types, thermal cracking is not selective in comparison with thermal hydrocracking

The equation applied to find the average boiling temperature is following: T = (1/al) (Ttg-a2). T is the boiling temperature, al and a2 are the correction factors, Ttg is the thermogravimetric temperature.     

SIMULATED DISTILLATION BY TRERMO GRAVIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS APPLIED TO THERMAL CRACKING AND THERMAL HYDROCRACKING

ABSTRACT

A suitable correlation can be made to represent the simulated distillation of heavy oils starting from thennoaravimetric measurements. This method is applicable to hydrocarbons having an initial boiling point equal or greater than 200°C.

The simulated thermogravimetric distillation fit was obtained from experiments with the standard compounds obtained from ASTM D-2887-83 (Boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions by gas chromatography). This method is simple, fast and without problems when applied to heavy feedstocks

The data were used in the determination of average boiling temperatures of products from thermal cracking and thermal hydrocracking. It was also possible to quantify coke yields

Average relative molecular masses of products from the above processes correlated well with the average boiling point temperatures. It indicates that, with respect to the hydrocarbon types, thermal cracking is not selective in comparison with thermal hydrocracking

The equation applied to find the average boiling temperature is following: T = (1/al) (Ttg-a2). T is the boiling temperature, al and a2 are the correction factors, Ttg is the thermogravimetric temperature.     

A SLOPE METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING CRUDE SHALE OILS

A correlation was found between the slope of a line from the plot of the log of the cumulative weight percent of n-paraffins versus the n-paraffin's carbon number adjusted for the lack of C₄ and lighter n-paraffins. It was found that as the slope of the line decreased, the quality of the shale oil, represented by the initial boiling point, increased. This increase or decrease in oil quality is due to an increase or decrease in the amount of low boiling to mid-distillate fractions in the shale oil.

In addition, the effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen retorting on shale oil quality were investigated. It was found that carbon dioxide retorting, in addition to increasing shale oil yield, also increased shale oil quality. It is thought to increase the quality of the oil by increasing the amounts of components in the low boiling to mid-distillate fractions.     

Data Reconciliation Among PIONA, GC-FIMS, and SimDis Measurements for Petroleum Fractions

PIONA (paraffin, isoparaffin, olefin, naphthene, aromatic) is a widely used characterization method for petroleum fractions boiling below 200°C, while a gas chromatography-field ionization mass spectrometry (GC-FIMS)characterization method developed at the National Centre for Upgrading Technology (NCUT) provides a reliable hydrocarbon type distribution by carbon number (#C) for middle distillates boiling between 200°C-360°C. This article proposes an integrated approach to combine the results from both PIONA and GC-FIMS measurements, resulting in detailed hydrocarbon-type distribution between the initial and end boiling points of the middle distillate. Furthermore, summing up the mass in each boiling point (BP)interval (e.g., 10°C) generates an equivalent simulated distillation (SimDis) curve that needs to be reconciled with the SimDis measured by the ASTM D2887 method. This article also discusses a simple data reconciliation approach that allowed us to use the three separate pieces of information (PIONA, GC-FIMS, and SimDis) as an internally consistent basis for the derivation of molecular representation of materials characterized in such a way.     

Data Reconciliation Among PIONA,GC-FIMS,and SimDis Measurements for Petroleum Fractions

Abstract

PIONA (paraffin, isoparaffin, olefin, naphthene, aromatic) is a widely used characterization method for petroleum fractions boiling below 200°C, while a gas chromatography-field ionization mass spectrometry (GC-FIMS)characterization method developed at the National Centre for Upgrading Technology (NCUT) provides a reliable hydrocarbon type distribution by carbon number (#C) for middle distillates boiling between 200°C–360°C. This article proposes an integrated approach to combine the results from both PIONA and GC-FIMS measurements, resulting in detailed hydrocarbon-type distribution between the initial and end boiling points of the middle distillate. Furthermore, summing up the mass in each boiling point (BP)interval (e.g., 10°C) generates an equivalent simulated distillation (SimDis) curve that needs to be reconciled with the SimDis measured by the ASTM D2887 method. This article also discusses a simple data reconciliation approach that allowed us to use the three separate pieces of information (PIONA, GC-FIMS, and SimDis) as an internally consistent basis for the derivation of molecular representation of materials characterized in such a way.