Coordinated Setting of Multiple PSSs for Actual Size Power Network

The power system stabilizer (PSS) is a low‐cost method of stabilizing the intertie and local oscillations of a power network. The PSS parameters are usually adjusted based on the one‐machine infinite‐bus system model. In contrast, a real power system consists of multimachine systems. Thus, coordinated setting of the PSS parameters, with the real characteristics of the power system network taken into consideration, is expected to improve stability. For this purpose, the modal performance measure (MPM) method is used to adjust the PSS parameters. The power network mathematical model that is required for this calculation is given by the system identification method. Utilizing the MPM method characteristics, restrictions such as the damping coefficient and maximum gain, which constitute practical design specifications used for conventional controllers, are naturally introduced. Furthermore, radial basis function (RBF) frequency weighing is introduced in order to adjust the frequency responses. The expected favorable results were found in large‐scale power system simulations.     

Refinement of conventional PSS design in multimachine system bymodal analysis

The design of the lead/lag network in a conventional power system stabilizer (PSS) is intended to provide the correct compensation in order to obtain an electrical torque component in phase with the speed variation. It is shown that, for a multimachine system, the conventional design analysis and synthesis tend to oversimplify the system representation and hence the interaction effects. A more rigorous approach that considers four torque (or power) components instead of the conventional single component is discussed. Using a modal analysis, the significance of these other components is revealed, the more comprehensive treatment using a generalized multimachine representation is justified and a reliable means for optimizing the PSS parameters is presented     

Stabilization of power systems by governor-turbine control

In this paper, the possibility of applying a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) via the governor-turbine system of a generating unit is studied for both single-machine and multimachine power systems. The results of analysis and simulation show that the conventional exciter-based PSS can be used in conjunction with the modern high-speed governor to suppress low-frequency oscillations in power systems. This arrangement of stabilizer possesses better robustness to the changes of power system operating conditions. Furthermore, in the environment of a multimachine power system, the control of PSS on the governor of every generator can be locally synthesized to stabilize the whole system, PSS design becomes much easier and simpler.     

Adaptive tuning of power system stabilizers using radial basis function networks

A novel approach for on-line adaptive tuning of power system stabilizer (PSS) parameters using radial basis function networks (RBFNs) is presented in this paper. The proposed RBFN is trained over a wide range of operating conditions and system parameter variations in order to re-tune PSS parameters on-line based on real-time measurements of machine loading conditions. The orthogonal least squares (OLS) learning algorithm is developed for designing an adequate and parsimonious RBFN model. The simulation results of the proposed radial basis function network based power system stabilizer (RBFN PSS) are compared to those of conventional stabilizers in case of a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system as well as a multimachine power system (MMPS). The effect of system parameter variations on the proposed stabilizer performance is also examined. The results show the robustness of the proposed RBFN PSS and its ability to enhance system damping over a wide range of operating conditions and system parameter variations. The major features of the proposed RBFN PSS are that it is of decentralized nature and does not require on-line model identification for tuning process. These features make the proposed RBFN PSS easy to tune and install.     

A hybrid neuro-fuzzy power system stabilizer for multimachine powersystems

A fuzzy basis function network (FBFN) based power system stabilizer (PSS) is presented in this paper to improve power system dynamic stability. The proposed FBFN based PSS provides a natural framework for combining numerical and linguistic information in a uniform fashion. The proposed FBFN is trained over a wide range of operating conditions in order to re-tune the PSS parameters in real-time based on machine loading conditions. The orthogonal least squares (OLS) learning algorithm is developed for designing an adequate and parsimonious FBFN model. Time domain simulations of a single machine infinite bus system and a multimachine power system subject to major disturbances are investigated. The performance of the proposed FBFN PSS is compared with that of conventional (CPSS). The results show the capability of the proposed FBFN PSS to enhance the system damping of local modes of oscillations over a wide range of operating conditions. The decentralized nature of the proposed FBFN PSS makes it easy to install and tune     

Strict-Tabu Based Eigenvalue Optimization of Power System Stabilizer

A Strict-Tabu (S-Tabu) optimization of power system stabilizer (PSS) parameters has been developed and presented in this paper. To achieve good damping characteristics over a wide range of operating conditions, S-Tabu is used to search for the best eigenvalue of the PSS and later installed into the phase lead-lag controller. The implementation studies are carried out on both singlemachine, infinite-bus, and multimachine power systems, respectively. Simulation studies for a variety of disturbances on the power system with optimized PSS demonstrate its effectiveness in improving system performance. Comparison studies are also performed to show the advantages of the proposed controller over the nonoptimized Conventional PSS (CPSS).     

Using Decoupled Characteristic in the Synthesis of Stabilizers in Multimachine Systems

A decoupled characteristic between the damping of a specific swing mode and the stabilizer gain of the corresponding machine in multimachine power systems is identified. Using this decoupled characteristic a power system stabilizer (PSS) synthesis approach which is based on the phase compensation concept is verified on a 9-machine system and the dynamic performance of this system is significantly improved. This method is proved to be effective, simple and it can provide useful guidances for the PSS field tuning.     

Stabilization control of multi‐machine power systems by adaptive power system stabilizer using frequency domain analysis

To improve electric power system transient stability, synchronous generators are generally equipped with controllers such as AVR, PSS, and GOV. Fixed parameter controllers degrade control performance, since various oscillation modes occur depending on system conditions. This paper presents an adaptive power system stabilizer (PSS) using frequency domain analysis for improving the transient stability of a multimachine system. In the proposed method, first, the frequency components of the generator swings are detected by the FFT. The conventional PSS parameters are tuned online by a fuzzy controller and frequency domain analysis. We verify the proposed adaptive PSS using frequency domain analysis, which can damp the generator swings effectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(2): 10–20, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10129     

Location and design of stabilizers in multimachine power systems

A new procedure for the design of decentralized power system stabilizers (PSS) in multimachine power systems (MMPS) is presented in this paper. In the proposed approach, the generators most effective for stabilizer applications are first identified using participation factors and mode controllability matrix. The method determines the parameters of stabilizers by assigning mechanical modes at desired locations. The algorithm uses transfer function matrix between inputs and outputs, to assign the mechanical modes.     

DAMPING OF TORSIONAL OSCILLATIONS–A COORDINATED APPROACH

ABSTRACT

Damping of torsional oscillations using coordinated control through power system stabilizer (PSS) and thyristor controlled reactor(TCR) is presented in this paper. The PSS has modal speed deviations as its feedback signal. The reactive power control is achieved through thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) at the machine terminals. Generator speed deviation is used as auxiliary signal and terminal voltage feedback signal as main control signal for TCR. The following control strategies have been analysed :

a PSS with modal speed control

b PSS with modal speeds plus TCR with terminal voltage control

c PSS with modal speeds plus TCR with complete controls (voltage feed back signal and generator speed deviation signal)

The main objective of this paper is to discuss the modelling aspects and analyse different control strategies for damping torsional oscillations in series compensated ac transmission system. The control parameters like gains and time constants have been obtained by performing repeated eigenvalue analysis. IEEE First Benchmark Model is considered for illustration.     

Optimal locations and tuning of robust power system stabilizer using genetic algorithms

Optimal locations and design of robust multimachine power system stabilizers (PSSs) using genetic algorithms (GA) is presented in this paper. The PSS parameters and locations are computed to assure maximum damping performance under different operating conditions. The efficacy of this technique in damping local and inter-area modes of oscillations in multimachine power systems is confirmed through nonlinear simulation results and eigenvalues analysis.     

Damping of system oscillatory modes by a phase compensated gas turbine governor

The proliferation of gas turbines in power systems increases the scope for taking advantage of mechanical torque control for improved network damping. This paper describes a phase compensated governor for a gas turbine and explores its potential contributions to system damping in a multimachine context. It is shown that the inclusion of phase compensation in the governor control loop is capable of achieving dynamic stability for the system without the need of a power system stabilizer (PSS) in the generator excitation control loop and without adversely influencing terminal voltage control. In addition, it is demonstrated that a phase compensated governor (PCG) is also capable of significantly improving transient stability and by complementing the effectiveness of a conventional PSS, enables a superior overall contribution to network damping.     

Coordinated tuning of power system stabilizers in multimachine power systems

In this paper a new approach to simultaneously tuning the power system stabilizer (PSS) settings in a multimachine electric utility system is presented. The approach is based on eigenvalue assignment, which is treated as a problem of solving a set of non-linear equations. The possibility of meeting additional specified performance criteria is discussed. The flexibility of the proposed method is demonstrated using an operating utility system.     

Damping controller design for power system oscillations usingglobal signals

This paper describes a new power system stabilizer (PSS) design for damping power system oscillations focusing on interarea modes. The input to the PSS consists of two signals. The first signal is mainly to damp the local mode in the area where PSS is located using the generator rotor speed as an input signal. The second is an additional global signal for damping interarea modes. Two global signals are suggested; the tie-line active power and speed difference signals. The choice of PSS location, input signals and tuning is based on modal analysis and frequency response information. These two signals can also be used to enhance damping of interarea modes using SVC located in the middle of the transmission circuit connecting the two oscillating groups. The effectiveness and robustness of the new design are tested on a 19-generator system having characteristics and structure similar to the Western North American grid     

Optimal multiobjective design of robust power system stabilizers using genetic algorithms

Optimal multiobjective design of robust multimachine power system stabilizers (PSSs) using genetic algorithms is presented in this paper. A conventional speed-based lead-lag PSS is used in this work. The multimachine power system operating at various loading conditions and system configurations is treated as a finite set of plants. The stabilizers are tuned to simultaneously shift the lightly damped and undamped electromechanical modes of all plants to a prescribed zone in the s-plane. A multiobjective problem is formulated to optimize a composite set of objective functions comprising the damping factor, and the damping ratio of the lightly damped electromechanical modes. The problem of robustly selecting the parameters of the power system stabilizers is converted to an optimization problem which is solved by a genetic algorithm with the eigenvalue-based multiobjective function. The effectiveness of the suggested technique in damping local and interarea modes of oscillations in multimachine power systems, over a wide range of loading conditions and system configurations, is confirmed through eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear simulation results.     

采用广域测量信号的2级PSS控制策略

提出电力系统稳定器（PSS）的输入信号由本地测量信号和广域测量信号组成,从而构成2级PSS控制。本地测量信号采用本地发电机角频率,广域测量信号分别采用联络线功率和区间相对角频率。分析表明广域反馈具有相位稳定的特点,可以根据参与因子和传递函数留数选取广域测量信号,通过模式辨识进行2级PSS控制,抑制区间低频振荡。2区域电力系统上的仿真结果表明,2级PSS控制能有效抑制区间低频振荡,提高互联系统的传输容量,适用的频率范围广。     

基于小信号激励的多机PSS参数在线闭环整定

加装电力系统稳定器(PSS) 目前抑制电力系统低频振荡最经济、最有效的办法.PSS抑制低频振荡的效果很大程度依赖于参数好坏.传统的PSS整定方法都是基于PSS退出运行时测量得到的励磁系统滞后特性进行整定的.为避免PSS退出运行时对系统稳定性造成危害,提出一种基于小信号激励的多机PSS参数在线闭环整定方法.该方法在线施加...     

风电并网系统小干扰概率稳定性分析与改善

在桨距角控制系统中加装电力系统稳定器(PSS)以阻尼电力系统低频振荡,并且考虑系统运行方式的随机不确定性,利用累积概率曲线来获得随机变量的概率数字特征。采用基于数值分析的概率方法研究含风电场系统的小干扰稳定统计属性。通过在含风电场的五机两区域系统中进行仿真,验证在桨距角控制系统中安装PSS对改善小干扰概率稳定性的有效性,并对其改善效果进行评估。仿真结果表明,在桨距角控制系统中加装PSS能有效抑制本地振荡模式,并削弱区间振荡。     

Optimal power system stabilizers for multi machine systems

Excitation supplementary control is used in power systems to enhance the damping of low frequency oscillations due to the mechanical modes of the generators. Traditionally, frequency deviation is fed back to the exciter through phase lag-lead compensators to form the supplementary control. This supplementary control is known as power system stabilizer (PSS). An optimal power system stabilizer (OPSS) based on linear quadratic regulator design and utilizing the conventional phase lag-lead structure of PSS is presented in this paper. Furthermore, a suboptimal power system stabilizer (SOPSS) is proposed by neglecting the coupling gains between machines and feeding back only the speed deviation and the PSS states. The OPSS and SOPSS are compared with the conventional phase lag-lead power system stabilizer and simulation results of several power system examples are presented.     

Pole placement technique for PSS and TCSC-based stabilizer design using simulated annealing

A pole placement technique for power system stabilizer (PSS) and thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) based stabilizer using simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is presented in this paper. The proposed approach employs SA optimization technique to PSS (SAPSS) and TCSC-based stabilizer (SACSC) design. The design problem is formulated as an optimization problem where SA is applied to search for the optimal setting of the proposed SAPSS and SACSC parameters. A pole placement-based objective function to shift the dominant eigenvalues to the left in the s-plane is considered. The proposed SAPSS and SACSC have been examined on a weakly connected power system with different disturbances, loading conditions, and system parameter variations. Eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear simulation results show the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed stabilizers and their ability to provide efficient damping of low frequency oscillations. In addition, the performance of the proposed stabilizers outperforms that of the conventional power system stabilizer (CPSS). It is also observed that the proposed SACSC improves greatly the voltage profile of the system under severe disturbances.