U.S. Muslim women and body image: Links among objectification theory constructs and the hijab.

This study tested tenets of objectification theory and explored the role of the hijab in body image and eating disorder symptoms with a sample of 118 Muslim women in the United States. Results from a path analysis indicated that individual differences in wearing the hijab were related negatively with reported sexual objectification experiences. Sexual objectification experiences, in turn, had significant positive indirect relations with body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms, primarily through the mediating role of internalization. Internalization of cultural standards of beauty also had a significant positive direct relation with body shame and significant positive direct and indirect relations with eating disorder symptoms. By contrast, the direct and indirect relations of body surveillance were significant only when the role of internalization was constrained to 0 (i.e., eliminated), suggesting that internalization of cultural standards of beauty subsumed the hypothesized role of body surveillance in the model. Taken together, these results support some of the tenets of objectification theory with a sample of U.S. Muslim women, point to the importance of internalization of dominant cultural standards of beauty within that framework, and suggest the utility of considering individual differences in wearing the hijab among U.S. Muslim women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于价值链的标准经济效益评价实证研究

综合相关国家标准和现有文献对标准化经济效益评价方法与指标体系进行分析,发现均存在评价体系不科学、评价方法的适用性不强、评价内容不全面等问题。本文应用ISO提出的基于价值链的标准化经济效益评价理论,分析了标准对价值链各个环节产生影响的机理。选取山东鲁阳股份有限公司,九阳股份有限公司,山东昊月树脂有限公司,淄博博纳科技发展有限公司四家企业为样本,实证分析了标准时企业带来的经济效益。     

Body image and eating disorder symptoms in sexual minority men: A test and extension of objectification theory.

On the basis of integrating objectification theory research with research on body image and eating problems among sexual minority men, the present study examined relations among sociocultural and psychological correlates of eating disorder symptoms with a sample of 231 sexual minority men. Results of a path analysis supported tenets of objectification theory with the sample. Specifically, findings were consistent with relations posited in objectification theory among sexual objectification experiences, internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms. Within this set of positive relations, internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness partially mediated the link of sexual objectification experiences with body surveillance; body surveillance partially mediated the relation of internalization with body shame; and body shame partially mediated the relation of body surveillance with eating disorder symptoms. In addition to these relations, internalized homophobia was related to greater eating disorder symptoms through body shame, and recalled childhood harassment for gender nonconformity was linked with eating disorder symptoms through a positive series of relations involving internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness, body surveillance, and body shame. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

军民融合背景下我国金属材料标准融合发展浅析

在军民融合上升为国家战略的背景下,军民融合标准化建设具有重要意义,材料标准化已成为标准化军民融合的发展重点。以金属材料标准为例,深入分析我国标准现状以及存在的问题,探索军民融合背景下通用性标准建立的方法,为我国军民融合背景下材料标准融合发展提供新思路。研究发现我国现行金属材料标准存在数量大、行业级以上标准少,标准体系不完善,标准不通用,关键材料生产过程控制标准缺失等问题。建议通过建立主干材料技术与管理标准体系,进行主干材料标准化顶层设计,通过整合修订现行标准形成主干材料通用标准,从而促进主干材料的标准化和通用化,推动主干材料的系列化发展和体系化选用,实现以标准融合推动军民技术融合的目标。     

株冶标准体系管理模式研究

运用系统工程的科学方法，建立了以技术标准为主体、包括工作标准与管理标准在内的企业标准化系统。健全了企业标准化管理组织结构，明确了标准化工作职责，规范了企业技术标准制定、修订和复审的管理，加强了标准实施的监督检查和标准体系评价的管理。提出了标准化工作发展战略，用标准化手段从生产流程和质量控制两方面规范企业生产活动。计量检测与信息化工作支持标准化创新。     

俄罗斯标准化体系概况

简要介绍了俄罗斯标准化体系 ,包括标准的层次、标准的制修订程序、标准化管理机构和运行体系     

Hygiene behaviour and hospitalized severe childhood diarrhoea: a case-control study

The relationship between personal and domestic hygiene behaviour and hospitalized childhood diarrhoea was examined in a case-control study of 356 cases and 357 controls from low-income families in metropolitan Manila. Indices of hygiene behaviour were defined for overall cleanliness, kitchen hygiene, and living conditions. Only the indices for overall cleanliness and kitchen hygiene were significantly associated with diarrhoea. An increasing excess risk of hospitalization with severe diarrhoea was noted as the ratings for standards of hygiene became lower, and this excess risk persisted even after controlling for confounding variables. The implications of our findings for the control of diarrhoeal disease are discussed.     

Objectification theory and deaf cultural identity attitudes: Roles in deaf women's eating disorder symptomatology.

This study examined the generalizability of direct and mediated links posited in objectification theory among internalization of sociocultural standards of beauty, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms with a sample of Deaf women. The study also examined the role of marginal Deaf cultural identity attitudes within this framework. Data from 177 Deaf women indicated positive relations among internalization, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptomatology. Consistent with tenets of objectification theory, body shame mediated the links of internalization and body surveillance with eating disorder symptoms. In addition, marginal Deaf identity attitudes (but not hearing, immersion, or bicultural attitudes) were linked uniquely with eating disorder constructs and had significant indirect relations through internalization with body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

加强节能减排、环境保护标准化是钢铁工业科学发展的战略要求

提出了钢铁行业所面临的节能减排、环境保护新的挑战。阐明了钢铁工业必须走节能减排、保护环境的科学发展之路，并论述了节能减排、环境保护标准化的重要举措，建立健全其法律、法规、标准体系，开发新技术标准化。     

The framework of systemic organization applied to older adults as family caregivers of persons with chronic illness and disability

The Framework of Systemic Organization by Friedemann, according to which families as open systems strive for congruence, a dynamic state of equilibrium, is presented to offer a way to bridge the gap between grand and mid-range theory, between theory and practice. Theoretical tenets composed of system targets of stability, growth, control, and spirituality and the process dimensions of system maintenance and change, coherence, and individuation are suggested for nursing assessment for older adults, individuals, and families. Simple practice application examples of these tenets are delineated for older adult family caregivers of persons with chronic illness and disability within a family system context. Nurses who practice within the Framework of Systemic Organization can assist elders, as family caregivers, in a meaningful way to adjust to the realities of their situation.     

火花放电原子发射光谱类型标准化校正方式的探讨

在国内,火花放电原子发射光谱分析广泛使用类型标准化进行方法校正。在国外,标准和文献中鲜见使用此方法的相关论述。类型标准化主要采用平移校正和转动校正两种方式,哪种方式更加合理也鲜见报道。国外设备类型标准化的默认设置优先采用转动校正方式,相关国内标准对最优校正方式的规定尚不明确,此默认设置的合理性有待探讨。实验选用低合金钢20CrNi2Mo、R407标准样品和不锈钢317L、0Cr18Ni9标准样品,引用国内相关标准,以正确度临界差为评判依据,模拟类型标准化样品和待测样品“十分接近”和“接近”两种情况下平移校正和转动校正的数据正确度。经数据统计分析,平移校正分析结果均满足要求,转动校正结果在“接近”情况下部分元素不满足要求。结合相关国家标准中元素含量范围和精密度数据进行分析,通过计算允许最大偏倚量并制作曲线图方式展开分析,得出如下结论:在满足文中类型标准化控制要点前提下,分析设置更适合于采用平移校正方式。     

火花放电原子发射光谱类型标准化校正方式的探讨

在国内,火花放电原子发射光谱分析广泛使用类型标准化进行方法校正。在国外,标准和文献中鲜见使用此方法的相关论述。类型标准化主要采用平移校正和转动校正两种方式,哪种方式更加合理也鲜见报道。国外设备类型标准化的默认设置优先采用转动校正方式,相关国内标准对最优校正方式的规定尚不明确,此默认设置的合理性有待探讨。实验选用低合金钢20CrNi2Mo、R407标准样品和不锈钢317L、0Cr18Ni9标准样品,引用国内相关标准,以正确度临界差为评判依据,模拟类型标准化样品和待测样品“十分接近”和“接近”两种情况下平移校正和转动校正的数据正确度。经数据统计分析,平移校正分析结果均满足要求,转动校正结果在“接近”情况下部分元素不满足要求。结合相关国家标准中元素含量范围和精密度数据进行分析,通过计算允许最大偏倚量并制作曲线图方式展开分析,得出如下结论:在满足文中类型标准化控制要点前提下,分析设置更适合于采用平移校正方式。     

Sonic booms--new environmental factor (bases for standardization)

The paper discusses physical, psychophysiological and social aspects of a new type of sound effects--sonic shocks of supersonic vehicles. An up-to-date approach to the standardization of environmental effects should include a study of human physiological responses, comparison of the results of psychophysiological scaling with the available standards and prediction based on sociological questionnaires. This kind of standardization is illustrated.     

我国参与钢筋领域国际标准制定的实践

综述了ISO/TC17/SC16制定的钢筋国际标准的内容和特点,以及我国参与国际标准制修订的情况,提出利用国际标准促进我国钢铁工业发展的思路。     

汽车用钢板产品和标准的发展

简要介绍了汽车用钢板的生产使用情况,并结合汽车用钢板国家标准现状和制修订情况,对下一步标准化工作进行了计划和展望。     

美国专业团体ASTM标准制修订模式的研究

就美国专业团体ASTM标准制修订的模式进行研究,在此基础上,分析了美国专业团体ASTM标准化成功运行的保障条件。     

国际标准的内涵价值

论述了国际标准的主要内涵价值:科学合理普遍适用;国际贸易准则;先进技术、先进管理经验与新技术载体;科技动态信息。文章还论述了ISO附加值。作者在本文最后着重指出,我国标准要走上国际,必须与国际标准接轨,迈上三个台阶:强制性标准转化为自愿性标准,生产型标准转化为贸易型标准,国家标准化与国际标准化同步。     

钼丝标准化

介绍了钼丝标准化的发展历史 ,对比了国内外钼丝标准中的种类及牌号、化学成份、力学性能、直线性、尺寸精度、最短长度 ,叙述了钼丝新国标 (报批稿 )编制说明 ,提出了国内外钼丝标准的研究方向     

子午线轮胎用钢帘线及其专用盘条国际标准的研制

综述了子午线轮胎用钢帘线及其专用盘条国内外技术发展趋势与现状,介绍了国际标准的研制工作的具体内容、创新点、经济和社会效益等,指出了以我国标准为基础制定国际标准的意义。